A camada Pré-Sal da Costa brasileira enquanto um tema de segurança: análise de discursos e documentos provenientes do governo brasileiro e de setores relacionados ao âmbito militar nacional/The Brazilian Pre-Salt Layer as a Security Issue

Resumo: O presente artigo busca interpretar, a partir da análise de discursos e documentos oficiais do governo brasileiro, a construção discursiva do tema da camada do pré-sal da costa brasileira como um assunto de segurança. Para tal, edifica-se a análise sobretudo a partir do substrato teórico fornecido por Buzan, Waever e Wilde (1998), acerca do componentes configuradores de um processo de securitização, bem como a partir da metodologia de análise de discurso desenvolvida por Lene Hansen (2006). Para tanto, organiza-se o artigo em duas partes principais. Na primeira dessas partes, são brevemente expostas algumas das nuances do tema da Segurança no pós Guerra fria e algumas possibilidades de diálogo com o campo da Análise de Discurso. Na sequência, são analisados certos documentos e discursos brasileiros direta ou indiretamente relacionados tema da camada do pré-sal, através da perspectiva da securitização.Palavras-chave: Análise de discurso. Pré-sal. Securitização. Abstract: This article seeks to interpret, through speech and documental analysis, the discursive construction of the Brazilian pre-salt layer as a security issue. To this end, the analysis borrows the theoretical basis provided by Buzan, Waever and Wilde (1998), on the securitization process, as well as the discourse analysis methodology developed by Lene Hansen (2006). The article is organized into two main parts: In the first part, some of the nuances of the security concept in the post-Cold War period are exposed as well as some possibilities of Discourse Analysis field. In the second part Brazilian documents and speeches, direct or indirectly related to the subject of the pre-salt layer, are analyzed through the perspective of securitization.Keywords: Pre-salt layer. Securitization. Speech Analysis.

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A Research Agenda for the Study of Peaceful Change in World Politics

The Oxford Handbook of Peaceful Change in International Relations ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190097356.013.46 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Deborah Welch Larson ◽

T.V. Paul ◽

Harold A. Trinkunas ◽

Anders Wivel ◽

Ralf Emmers

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

International Relations ◽

World Order ◽

World Politics ◽

Mechanisms Of Change ◽

Future Research ◽

Post Cold War ◽

Conceptual Clarity ◽

The Subject ◽

Made In

This concluding chapter offers a summary and evaluation of the key ideas contained in the chapters of this Handbook. The chapter discusses peaceful change in terms of conceptual clarity; historical evolution of scholarship in the area, especially the interwar, Cold War, and post–Cold War era efforts at analyzing the concepts; and the policy innovations in this realm. This is followed by an evaluation of the key umbrella theories of international relations—realism, liberalism, and constructivism—and how they approach peaceful change. Some important sources and mechanisms of change are analyzed. This is followed by discussion of the policy contributions of selected great and rising powers toward peaceful change. The chapter then offers a summary of contributions and progress that various regions have made in the area of peaceful change. It concludes with some ideas for future research while highlighting the significance of the subject matter for international relations and the world order.

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Discursive construction and negotiation of laity on an online health forum

Pragmatics and Society ◽

10.1075/ps.7.2.02fag ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 196-216

Author(s):

Antoinette Fage-Butler ◽

Patrizia Anesa

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

Social Identity ◽

Language Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Discursive Construction ◽

Medical Conditions ◽

Subject Positions ◽

Medical Expertise ◽

Complex Picture ◽

The Subject

E-patients are increasingly using the Internet to gain knowledge about medical conditions, thereby problematizing the biomedical assumption that patients are ‘lay’. The present paper addresses this development by investigating the epistemic identities of patients participating on an online health forum. Using poststructuralist discourse analysis to analyze a corpus of cardiology-related threads on an ‘Ask a Doctor’ forum, we compare how patients are discursively constructed by online professionals as ‘knowing’ or ‘not knowing’ with the online knowledge identities patients choose for themselves. Analysis reveals a complex picture, with patients positioning themselves and being constructed as biomedical novices, as well as claiming the subject positions of (semi-)experts challenging medical expertise. This paper provides a snapshot of an important social identity in transition, illustrates a procedure for comparing language use around imposed and self-appropriated identities, and considers discursive choice in relation to the metapragmatic matter of “sayability” (Mey 2001: 176).

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The Cold War Debate Continues: A Traditionalist View of Historical Writing on Domestic Communism and Anti-Communism

Journal of Cold War Studies ◽

10.1162/15203970051032381 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 76-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John Earl Haynes

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cold War ◽

The United States ◽

Post Cold War ◽

The Subject ◽

Key Aspects ◽

The Cold War ◽

Communist Countries ◽

New Evidence ◽

Cold War Literature

This article reviews the huge Cold War-era and post-Cold War literature on American Communism and anti-Communism in the United States. These issues have long been the subject of heated scholarly debate. The recent opening of archives in Russia and other former Communist countries and the release of translated Venona documents in the United States have shed new light on key aspects of the American Communist Party that were previously unknown or undocumented. The new evidence has underscored the Soviet Union's tight control of the party and the crucial role that American Communists played in Soviet espionage. The release of all this documentation has been an unwelcome development for scholars who have long been sympathetic to the Communist movement.

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The New Kremlinology

10.1093/oso/9780192896193.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Baturo ◽

Jos Elkink

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Basic Assumption ◽

Democratic Politics ◽

Political Regime ◽

Authoritarian Rule ◽

Personal Power ◽

Post Cold War ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

The Subject ◽

Vladimir Putin

The New Kremlinology is the first in-depth examination of the development of regime personalisation in Russia. In the post-Cold War period, many previously democratising countries experienced authoritarian reversals whereby incumbent leaders took over and gravitated towards personalist rule. Scholars have predominantly focused on the authoritarian turn, as opposed to the type of authoritarian rule emerging from it. In a departure from accounts centred on the failure of democratisation in Russia, this book's argument begins from a basic assumption that the political regime of Vladimir Putin is a personalist regime in the making. Focusing on the politics within the Russian ruling coalition since 1999, The New Kremlinology describes the process of regime personalisation, that is, the acquisition of personal power by a leader. Drawing from comparative evidence and theories of personalist rule, the investigation is based on four components of regime personalisation: patronage networks, deinstitutionalisation, media personalisation, and establishing permanency in office. The fact that Russia has gradually acquired many---but not all---of the characteristics associated with a personalist regime, underscores the complexity of political change and that we need to unpack the concept of personalism to understand it better. The lessons of the book extend beyond Russia and illuminate how other personalist and personalising regimes emerge and develop. Furthermore, the title of the book, The New Kremlinology, is chosen to emphasise not only the subject matter, the what, but also the how --- the battery of innovative methods employed to study the black box of non-democratic politics.

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Chinese Peace? An Emergent Norm in African Peace Operations

China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies ◽

10.1142/s2377740015500086 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 155-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven C. Y. Kuo

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Security Architecture ◽

Peace Operations ◽

Global Order ◽

Significant Development ◽

Post Cold War ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Liberal Peace ◽

The Subject ◽

Normative Content

The steady rise in Chinese participation in peace operations in Africa is a significant development in the post-Cold War collective security architecture. An aspect of China's rise and its challenge to the liberal global order is its contribution to post-conflict peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and peace-making in Africa, areas that have been dominated by the West. The purpose of this article is to bring together literatures that do not usually speak to one another: Chinese discourses on peacebuilding and the debate on the liberal peace in Africa. The subject of this article is the emerging "Chinese peace" discourse. By examining the "Chinese peace" — both its normative content and its on-the-ground participation in a comprehensive liberal peace project — as a part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) — this article begins to highlight differences, identify tensions, and recognize complementarities between the dominant liberal and the emergent Chinese approach to peacebuilding.

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