Discursive construction and negotiation of laity on an online health forum

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-216
Author(s):  
Antoinette Fage-Butler ◽  
Patrizia Anesa
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Medical Expertise ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
The Subject

E-patients are increasingly using the Internet to gain knowledge about medical conditions, thereby problematizing the biomedical assumption that patients are ‘lay’. The present paper addresses this development by investigating the epistemic identities of patients participating on an online health forum. Using poststructuralist discourse analysis to analyze a corpus of cardiology-related threads on an ‘Ask a Doctor’ forum, we compare how patients are discursively constructed by online professionals as ‘knowing’ or ‘not knowing’ with the online knowledge identities patients choose for themselves. Analysis reveals a complex picture, with patients positioning themselves and being constructed as biomedical novices, as well as claiming the subject positions of (semi-)experts challenging medical expertise. This paper provides a snapshot of an important social identity in transition, illustrates a procedure for comparing language use around imposed and self-appropriated identities, and considers discursive choice in relation to the metapragmatic matter of “sayability” (Mey 2001: 176).

Get That S.O.B. Off the Field: A Critical Discourse Analysis of NFL Team Owners’ Responses to President Trump’s Comments About Athlete Protests

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Kerry R. McGannon ◽  
Ted M. Butryn
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Language Use ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Media Spectacle ◽  
The Subject

In this study, scholarship was extended on the cultural meanings of race and athlete activism by interrogating one key media spectacle surrounding athlete protests: President Trump’s 2017 speech questioning the National Football League (NFL) players’ character, with a focus on NFL owners’ responses. The NFL owners’ statements (n = 32) were subjected to critical discourse analysis. Discourses of post-racial nationalism and functionalism and the subject positions of “good player citizen” and “benevolent facilitator” (re)created meanings of the protests devoid of racial politics, linked to ideologies of color blindness, meritocracy, and diversity. These discourses and subject positions allowed the NFL owners to control protest meanings to maintain White privilege and appeal to their White fan base. These findings expand research on color-blind racism in sport, which perpetuates neoliberal ideals and the myth of a post-racial America, via taken-for-granted language use within discourses.

scholarly journals The Discursive Construction of Gender as Social Identity in Arabic written Discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Shifaa Hadi Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Written Discourse

Identity is the idiosyncratic features that characterize an individual as being unique. It is the dynamic per formativeness of self through behaviors, acts, clothes and etc.. When such self is shared (by sharing memories, desires, and emotions) with others, it becomes social identity. Such an identity is, thus, changed, transformed, spoke out, acknowledged and never be fixed at any moment of life. The current study aims at studying the discursive construction of social identity in Arabic written discourse. It seeks to ponder the question of what linguistic devices do the Arab writers utilize to identify themselves in discourse and to show sameness and differences between in – and out- groups. To attain the above aim, we hypothesize that Arab writers use scanted discursive and linguistic devices to identify gender in their writing. Accordingly, seven linguistic and discursive components have been chosen to analyze the discourse to unveil the identity of its writer: processes, mood, modality, vocabulary and collocation, pronouns, figurative uses of language, and interdiscursivity. The study comes with some conclusions, the most important of which are: social identity can be traced in Arabic discourse through the construction of in _ and out_ groups with the in- group being victimized by the out-group who is the dominant, a conclusion which clashes with studies of critical discourse analysis, and changes and transformation of identity occur through stages including: attention, interest, solutions and urging by giving commands.

scholarly journals فاعلية السياق وحيز المعنى عند ستيفن أولمان/ The effectiveness of context on the realm of meaning according to Stephen Ullmann

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Kamal Allush
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Valuable Role ◽  
Context Theory

ملخص البحث:   تتطلع أهداف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى مقاربة مفاهمية للسياق عند ستيفن أولمان، وفاعليته في المعنى المرتبط بحيز زماني ومكاني وفضاء دلالي موجود على مستوى الذهن هو جزء من هذا الأخير، وأثر كل من السياق والمعنى  في توجيه دلالات الخطاب، وسيعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي وتفعيل أداة التحليل للتعامل مع مقولاته المتعلقة بالمعنى النفسي الخاضع للسياق العاطفي، ومنطقة المعنى وتناوب المعنى وتعدده، وخضوع المعنى لقانون التضاؤل التدريجي، ومن ثمة يمكن اعتماد منهجية ترتكز إلى التدرج في طرح مادة البحث والإضافات التي قدمها وكانت سبباً في ارتقائها وتطورها تدريجياً مقارنة بما قدمه مؤسسها جون فيرث. توصلت الدراسة إلى ما يأتي:  شيد ستيفن أولمان بقيمة نظرية السياق وما حققته من إنجازات فعلية في التعامل مع المعنى وتقديم نظرية تغطي حاجات الباحثين من علماء الدلالة وتحليل الخطاب واللسانيات بفروعها، وتجلت لمسته الخاصة فيما أضافه لهذه النظرية حتى يكتمل بناؤها؛ إذ أسس قيمة للسياق العاطفي المتضمن المعاني النفسية المشحونة بانفعالات منتجي الخطاب ومتلقيه، وأعطى للمعنى توجهاً نفسياً يمكن للسياق الخطابي أن يعدل في توجيهه على الرغم من ذلك الحيز الذي يشغله فضاء المعنى المفروض من قبل الاستعمال اللغوي، وبإمكانه أن يتعرض في بعض الحالات إلى قانون التضاؤل التدريجي فيفقد تلك الشحنة العاطفية المتدرجة أثناء لحظات إنتاج الخطاب . الكلمات المفتاحية: السياق-الفاعلية-المعنى-منطقة المعنى-تضاؤل المعنى.   Abstract This paper intends to conceptually approach Stephen Ullmann’s notion about the context and its contribution to the spatial-temporal aspects related meaning, mentally present within the semantic frame. The present study looks also at the influence of both the context and meaning in directing the message of the discourse. The approach will be hence applied according to the context theory presented in his book entitled “The Role of the Word in the Language". The study tackles the topic descriptively through analyzing his views on the psychological meaning influenced by the emotional context, the meaning zone, the alternative, and multiple meanings as well as the subjection of meaning to the rule of gradual diminishing of meaning. Subsequently, a methodology can be focused to subsequently approach the subject of the study and the additions that he put forward as they are the reason in their eventual progress in comparison with what has been presented by Firth as its founder. The study concludes with the following:  Ullman had established a theory of context that explains actual actions in dealing with meaning. He had also presented a theory that covers the needs of researchers among the scholars of semantics, discourse analysis and other branches of linguistics. His personal touch is in the additions he made that contributed to the completion of the theory. This was when he establishes the valuable role of the emotional context that comprises psychological meanings that are charged with the emotions of the text producer and its receivers. He also gave psychological orientation to meaning that would enable the context of discourse to incline to in its orientation albeit the biases that occupies the realm of meaning as imposed by the language use as it can be exposed on some occasions to the rule of eventual diminishing that would lose the emotional charge while in the process of producing the text.   Keywords: Context - Effectiveness – Meaning realm - Area of meaning - Diminishing meaning.   Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan secara konsepnya untuk membincangkan pendapat Ullman berkenaan dengan konteks dan sumbangannya terhadap aspek masa dan tempat yang berkaitan dengan masa yang secara sedarnya terangkum di dalam kerangka semantik. Kajian ini turut membincangkan pengaruh kedua-dua konteks dan maksud dalam membentuk tujuan mesej dalam sesebuah wacana. Pendekatan ini akan digunakan mengikut teori konteks yang terdapat di dalam buku beliau yang berjudul “Perana Perkataan dalam bahasa”. Kajian ini juga menteliti isu ini secara deskriptif dengan menganalisa pendapat beliau tentang aspek psikologi makna yang dipengaruhi konteks emosi, zon makna, alternatif perkataan dan kepelbagaian makna juga bagaimana semuanya adalah tertakluk kepada pengarauh undang-undang kehilangan makna secara berperingkat. Seterusnya, satu pendekatan kajian boleh difokuskan untuk  mendekati subjek kajian  dan tambahan pendapat-pendapatnya yang dilihat sebagai sebab perkembangan teori koteks jika dibandingkan dengan apa yang telah dikemukakan oleh Firth sebagai pengasas teori tersebut. Kajian ini merumuskan yang berikut: Ullman telah memulakan satu teori berkenaan konteks yang menerangkan perlakuan sebenar dalam menangani makna. Beliau juga mengemukakan satu teori yang meliputi keperluan para pengkaji dalam kalangan pakar semantik, analisa wacana dan lain-lain cabang-cabang lain dalam linguistic. Sentuhan peribadai beliau dalam tambahan-tambahan pendapat yang beliau buat telah menyumbang kepada penyempurnaan teori tersebut. Ini adalah apablia beliau menekankan peranan penting konteks emosi yang  mengandungi maksud psikologi yang penuh dengan emosi penghantar dan penerima mesej. Disamping itu belau juga memberikan orientasi psikologi kepada makna yang akan membenarkan konteks sesuatu wacana cenderung kepada kebiasaannya walaupun terdapat kecenderungan dalam dunia makna yang dikawal oleh bahasa itu sendiri yang boleh dikaitkan dengan undang-undang kehilangan makna secara berperingkat yang akan membuatkan kesan emosi itu ketika dalam proses menghasilan sesuatu teks.   Kata kunci: Koteks – Keberkesanan – Dunia Makna – Jangkauan Makna – Makna yang menghilang.

scholarly journals ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS STRATEGI POLITIK PENGGUNAAN BAHASA DALAM PIDATO PRESIDEN SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO

LITERA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Sumarti
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Figures Of Speech

This study on the political strategy in the language use in Susilo BambangYudhoyono’s speeches is focused on the language behaviors. The data were collected from the internet sources containing his speeches in several occasions with regard to political policies during his presidency. The data were analyzed using the critical discourse analysis approach. The results show that his political strategy in the language use is reflected in the uses of words, sentences, and figures of speech. The language use helps public understandings of the conditions that Indonesian people are now facing and supports his presidency. From the language praxis, his political strategy in the language use is relevant to language behaviors in general.

scholarly journals Ordinary Man / Common Man: Conceptual Subject’ Projections of Everyday Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (32) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Helena Kardashova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
National Corpus

This paper seeks to formalize the structures of everyday discourse. The search for factors ensuring the unity and autonomy of everyday discourse is based on the assumption that the integrity of the discourse as such is guaranteed by the instance of discursive subject. The article deals with the common notion of collective subject/common subject popular in lingua-cultural approach in the Russian discourse analysis. The article on the material of the Russian National Corpus analysed the statements containing an identifier “common / ordinary man”, specified the values in this model, and reconstructed the paradigm of conceptual meanings significant to the speaker as the subject of ordinary discourse. Two aspects of the concept are considered: one model focuses on semantic structures of a subject positioned as a member of a community; another model is related to the subject projecting one in opposition to the other. The author of this article argues that the constitutive force of each discursive practice lies in its provision of subject positions. While the everyday discourse makes available to take up both positions for subjects, the discourse analysis reveals the synergistic nature of everyday communication.

scholarly journals Discourse Analysis: Examining Language Use in Context

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Social World ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Psychological Phenomenon ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
People’S Perception

Discourse analysis is paramount in the negotiation and construction of meaning of the social world. Dis cursive psychologists believe that truth is a discursive construction and that the world can be represented in an unlimited number of ways. This paper discusses the importance of context and culture in discursive interactions. The paper discusses knowledge as situated and contingent and thus an explanation of a psychological phenomenon should take into account the context or culture and circumstances of social interactions. The relevance of positioning and intertextuality in discursive interactions and meaning making processes are highlighted. It is further discussed that people’s perception about a psychological phenomenon is not enduring and stable across situations and time; instead, it can change to suit the context and purpose of discourse. It is suggested that discourse analysts should systematically adduce reasons to justify and validate the value of their research claims.

scholarly journals Identidade e intertextualidade: a construção do gênero e da sexualidade na prevenção de DST/AIDS entre travestis que se prostituem

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-119
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Borba
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Outreach Work ◽  
Outreach Workers ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Interactional Processes

This paper discusses the construction of gender and sexual identities as intertextual phenomena that emerge from local contexts of language use. More specifically, guided by a non-representational/non-essencialist perspective on language use and identity, this article investigates the discursive construction of identities in interactions drawn from safer-sex outreach work among tranvestis who work as sex professionals in an urban area in Southern Brazil. During the safer-sex outreach work interactions, Sandra and Márcia, women in gender and sex, produce non-traditional identities and bring to light interactional processes of adequation of their subject positions to the travestis’ and to the context of the interactions. Based on Wittgenstein’s (2005) and Bakhtin’s (2003; 2004) theories, I argue that the discursive production of identities is only made possible because of the intertextual aspect of social identities. Sandra and Márcia make use of intertexts that construct them as participants of the travestis’ social universe. The safer-sex outreach workers position themselves through their utterances in identity categories such as travesti, travesti’s client, and prostitute and, thus, seem to engage in sequential processes of adequation of their subject positions to their transgendered interlocutors.

scholarly journals The role of elementary classroom discourse in the initial construction of student identities

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Michael A. Shepherd ◽  
Julia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Academic Identity ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Discursive Power

Despite considerable sociolinguistic research on correlates of social identity in secondary schools, the initial discursive construction of social categories remains underexplored. A discourse analysis of third-grade lessons suggests teachers discursively position some students as weaker than others by framing their participation as tentative or reluctant, and are less likely to acknowledge such students' summonses and called-out contributions. Ultimately, we argue, students whose academic identity development is thus not nurtured and who are denied access to the discursive power to advance ideas may instead seek empowerment through resistance, developing oppositional relationships toward school and forming another generation of 'burnouts.'

scholarly journals A camada Pré-Sal da Costa brasileira enquanto um tema de segurança: análise de discursos e documentos provenientes do governo brasileiro e de setores relacionados ao âmbito militar nacional/The Brazilian Pre-Salt Layer as a Security Issue

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-245
Author(s):  
Gabriel Campos Fernandino
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Salt Layer ◽  
The Subject

Resumo: O presente artigo busca interpretar, a partir da análise de discursos e documentos oficiais do governo brasileiro, a construção discursiva do tema da camada do pré-sal da costa brasileira como um assunto de segurança. Para tal, edifica-se a análise sobretudo a partir do substrato teórico fornecido por Buzan, Waever e Wilde (1998), acerca do componentes configuradores de um processo de securitização, bem como a partir da metodologia de análise de discurso desenvolvida por Lene Hansen (2006). Para tanto, organiza-se o artigo em duas partes principais. Na primeira dessas partes, são brevemente expostas algumas das nuances do tema da Segurança no pós Guerra fria e algumas possibilidades de diálogo com o campo da Análise de Discurso. Na sequência, são analisados certos documentos e discursos brasileiros direta ou indiretamente relacionados tema da camada do pré-sal, através da perspectiva da securitização.Palavras-chave: Análise de discurso. Pré-sal. Securitização. Abstract: This article seeks to interpret, through speech and documental analysis, the discursive construction of the Brazilian pre-salt layer as a security issue. To this end, the analysis borrows the theoretical basis provided by Buzan, Waever and Wilde (1998), on the securitization process, as well as the discourse analysis methodology developed by Lene Hansen (2006). The article is organized into two main parts: In the first part, some of the nuances of the security concept in the post-Cold War period are exposed as well as some possibilities of Discourse Analysis field. In the second part Brazilian documents and speeches, direct or indirectly related to the subject of the pre-salt layer, are analyzed through the perspective of securitization.Keywords: Pre-salt layer. Securitization. Speech Analysis.

scholarly journals Critical discourse analysis as an analytical resource for cultural studies: exploring the discursive construction of subject positions in British men's magazines' problem pages

2006 ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Gregorio Godeo
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Men's Magazines

In operating with quite an abstract approach to 'discourse', cultural studies has hardly engaged in detailed textual analyses examining the role of language and discourse in the constitution of cultural processes. By focusing on an area of concern for contemporary cultural studies such as the discursive construction of subject positions, this paper casts light on the instrumental role that critical discourse analysis (henceforth CDA) may play as an analytical resource for cultural studies. In particular, we highlight how detailed textual analyses undertaken by CDA may contribute to deciphering the role of language and discourse in the articulation of cultural practices of identity representation and construction in media discourse. After revising the coincidences on the agendas of CDA and cultural studies, a case study follows exploring the discursive construction of such a subject position on masculinity as the so- called 'new man' in a sample from men's magazines' problem pages as a characteristic popular-culture genre in contemporary Britain. Our analysis substantiates the validity of Fairclough's CDA framework for disentangling the mechanisms of identity construction in this genre of present-day media discourse in the UK.

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