scholarly journals The weed pollution in Miscanthus giganteus

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
О. Chernelivska ◽  
І. Dziubenko
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Goal. Is to determine the species composition of weeds in Miscanthus giganteus plantings, their impact on biomass productivity and the development of an effective protection system. Methods. Field experiments, laboratory agrochemical studies, mathematical and statistical — to evaluate the reliability of the obtained data. Results. At the beginning of the first year of vegetation in the miscanthus crops, the type of weed was mixed, with a large predominance of annual monocotyledonous species 91.1—93.6%. But in the second (70.1—85.3%) and the third (51.1—79.8%) years of vegetation, dicotyledonous species prevailed, while in the fourth, the monocotyledonous species (55.6—64.8%) had a slight advantage. In the first year of vegetation the weed was quite high and amounted to 1156 p./m2, in the second year — 873 p./m2, it decreased to 380—386 p./ m2. On the variants of application of herbicides for the second and next years, a decrease in the number of weeds by 41.3—64.5% compared with the weed pollution control and depending on the year of vegetation was observed. In the conditions of co-vegetation of weed plants with the weeds, the largest mass was formed by the Chenopodium album L. (930 g/m2 in the first year and 93 g/ m2 in the fourth year), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (455 g/ m2 and 60.6 g/ m2), Artemisia annua L. (280 g/m2 and 29.1 g/m2) and annual monocotyledonous Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal. Beauv. (225 g/ m2 and 17 g/ m2) and Setaria glauca (L.) Pal. Beauv (360 g/ m2 and 15.4 g/ m2). Weed pollution control on miscanthus crops helped to increase the biomass yield in the first year of vegetation to 2.6—2.7 t/ha of wet weight, to the fourth — up to 36.3—37.4 t/ ha. In the Weed pollution control, only 0.5 t/ha were obtained in the first year of vegetation, while in the fourth year it was 22.1 t/ ha. Conclusions. A mixed type of weed was found on the landing of Miscanthus giganteus, with 19 species from 12 families. Application of herbicides Task Extra and Master Power weed pollution reduction by 83.3—99.2%, which made it possible to improve the conditions of growing and development of Miscanthus giganteus plants and to obtain a dry biomass yield of 20.0 t/ha for the fourth year of vegetation.

scholarly journals Dependence of soybean weed infestation on growing conditions in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
R. Hutianskyi ◽  
S. Popov ◽  
V. Zuza ◽  
N. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Goal. To establish the species composition of weeds, their dominant role and determine the type and level of weediness of soybean crops for cultivation in a fixed nine-course stationary, fallow-crop-row rotation and in monoculture in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted by route surveys in field experiments. Results. According to the research of 2011—2017, 30 species of weeds and contaminants were found in soybean crops after winter wheat as forecrop in the stationary crop rotation (spring early and late were 60%, winter and biennial were 17%, perennial were 23%), and 18 species (spring early and late were 72%, wintering and biennial were 6%, perennial were 22%) were found for cultivation in monoculture. They belonged to 16 families, the families Asteraceae (9 species), Poaceae (5 species) and Polygonaceae (5 species) were the most represented. The main weeds in soybean crops in crop rotation and monoculture were Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. et Schult., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Panicum miliaceum L. In addition to these weeds for growing soybeans in crop rotation were present Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Solanum nigrum L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Sonchus arvensis L., Convolvulus arvensis L., and in monoculture were Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Xanthium strumarium L. Xanthium strumarium L. was the most dominant in the monoculture (43%), and Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv was subdominant in crop rotation (57%), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. and Schult. was subdominant in monoculture (57%). Six complex types of weeds were formed in soybean crops, cereal-dicotyledonous-dicotyledonous-root-sprouting and dicotyledonous-grass-annual-grass-root-sprouting prevailed. For cultivation in crop rotation cereal annual species predominated, and dicotyledonous annuals predominated in monoculture. At the same time, the monoculture had a higher level of weeding than crop rotation, or it was equivalent. Conclusions. The species composition of weeds in soybean crops in fallow-crop-row rotation and monoculture differs significantly, which should be taken into account by the agronomic service of farms when developing methods of their control.

scholarly journals Phenotyping a Diverse Collection of Forage Sorghum Genotypes for Chilling Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Swarup Podder ◽  
Dulan Samarappuli ◽  
James V. Anderson ◽  
Marisol T. Berti
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

Forage sorghum (FS) (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a warm-season biomass crop used as forage for hay or silage with the potential to become a bioenergy feedstock or for dual-purpose (forage and energy). The objective of this study was to screen potential forage sorghum genotypes for increased chilling tolerance and biomass productivity. Seventy-one genotypes of FS were first ranked for high to low vigor index under controlled conditions at 24, 12, and 10 °C. Field experiments were also conducted on a subset of 12 genotypes in Fargo and Hickson, ND, USA, in 2017 and 2018, using two different seeding dates: early (10 May) and late (27 May). Field emergence index values were greater for the late-seeding compared with the early seeding date. Under field conditions, seed mortality and biomass yield were affected by the seeding date and biomass yield correlated with emergence index and normalized vegetative index. Chemical composition of forage sorghum biomass was not affected by the seeding dates. The results of this study suggest that some forage sorghum genotypes carry genetic traits for increased chilling tolerance and produce greater biomass yield when seeded earlier than normal, which could allow for breeding chilling tolerance into forage sorghum.

scholarly journals Germination Parameters of Selected Summer Weeds: Transferring of the AlertInf Model to Other Geographical Regions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Valentina Šoštarčić ◽  
Roberta Masin ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Ema Brijačak ◽  
Maja Šćepanović
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Base Water Potential

Effective weed management depends on correct control timing, which depends on seedling emergence dynamics. Since soil temperature and soil moisture are the two main factors that determine weed germination, the hydrothermal time model can be used to predict their emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the base temperature (Tb) and base water potential (Ψb) for the germination of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria pumila, and Panicum capillare collected from fields in continental Croatia and then to compare these values with those of Italian populations embedded in the AlertInf model. Germination tests were performed at seven constant temperatures (ranging from 4 to 27 °C) and eight water potentials (0.00–1.00 MPa). The estimated Tb and Ψb were 3.4 °C and −1.38 MPa for C. album, 13.9 °C and −0.36 MPa for A. retroflexus, 6.6 °C and −0.71 MPa for S. pumila, and 11.0 °C and −0.87 MPa for P. capillare, respectively. According to the criterion of overlap of the 95% confidence intervals, only the Tb of C. album and the Ψb of A. retroflexus of the Croatian and Italian populations were similar. Further field experiments should be conducted to monitor the weed emergence patterns of C. album and calibrate the AlerInf equation parameters.

scholarly journals Biological Parameters for Germination of Selected Summer Weed Species: First Step to Transfer the Hydrothermal Model Alertinf to Croatia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Šoštarčić ◽  
Roberta Masin ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Ema Brijačak ◽  
Maja Šćepanović
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Base Water Potential

The efficacy of weed management depends on the correct control timing according to the seedling emergence dynamics. Since soil temperature and soil moisture are two main factors that determine weed germination, the hydrothermal time model can be used to predict their emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the base temperature (Tb) and base water potential (Ψb) for germination of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria pumila and Panicum capillare collected from fields in continental Croatia and then to compare these values with those of Italian populations embedded in the AlertInf model. Germination tests were performed at seven constant temperatures (ranging from 4 to 27°C) and eight water potentials (0.00 to - 1.00 MPa). Estimated Tb and Ψb were 3.4°C, -1.38 MPa for C. album, 13.9°C, -0.36 MPa for A. retroflexus, 6.6°C, -0.71 MPa for S. pumila and 11.0°C, -0.87 MPa for P. capillare, respectively. According to the criterion of overlap of the 95% confidence intervals, only Tb of C. album, and Ψb of A. retroflexus were similar between Croatian and Italian populations. Further field experiments should be conducted in the Croatian field to monitor weed emergence patterns of C. album and to calibrate the AlerInf equation parameters.

scholarly journals Planting density impact on weed infestation and the yield of Miscanthus grown on two soil types  

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Maksimović ◽  
R. Pivić ◽  
A. Stanojković-Sebić ◽  
M. Vučić-Kišgeci ◽  
B. Kresović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Commercial Harvesting

The assessment of the weed infestation effect on biomass yield of Miscanthus × giganteus in the first year of its commercial yield was conducted on two types of soil with different productive ability – Luvic Chernozem and Calcic Gleysol. The formed mass of weeds was higher on Luvic Chernozem and the infestation had grown according to the stages of Miscanthus growth. The biomass of weeds depended on the planting density of Miscanthus as well as on the weather conditions during the studied years. Weed infestation of crops very significantly influenced the formation of aboveground biomass of Miscanthus, so that the yields in the first year of commercial harvesting in the control where the weeds were removed manually were significantly higher compared to the crops in which weeds were not removed. The obtained results showed that weeds significantly affect the initial growth and development of Miscanthus plants that are, in general, slow, especially in the year of the crop establishment. The study evaluates the impact of a manual method of suppression and weed infestation of crops on the commercial yield of Miscanthus.  

Control of Five Broadleaf Weeds in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) with Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Larry D. Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
The Common ◽  
Vertical Roller

Field experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of applying glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] postemergence with a recirculating sprayer and a vertical roller for the control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), common sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.). Glyphosate was applied twice each year at 1.7 kg/ha with a recirculating sprayer in 1977 and 1978, or twice as a 20% (v/v) solution with a vertical-roller applicator in 1979. By harvest, 70 to 74% of the total population of treated common sunflower, kochia, and redroot pigweed, 61% of the common lambsquarters, and 30% of the velvetleaf was dead. Root yields in glyphosate-treated plots, when averaged over 3 yr, were increased 5800, 8500, 12 500, and 13400 kg/ha at densities of 6, 12, 18, and 24 broadleaf weeds (equal densities of common lambsquarters, kochia, and redroot pigweed)/30m of row, respectively. Where equal densities of common sunflower and velvetleaf competed with sugarbeets, root yields in glyphosate-treated plots, when averaged over 2 yr, were increased 4400, 11900, 11700, and 10700 kg/ha, respectively, at these same densities.

scholarly journals Selectivity and efficacy of herbicides dimethachlor and pethoxamid in rocket crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Ivana Doležalová ◽  
Irena Petrželová ◽  
Martin Duchoslav
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Maximum Residue Level

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy, selectivity and health harmlessness of four application rates of two pre-emergent herbicides (pethoxamid and dimethachlor) in the rocket [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cavanilles)]. Pethoxamid was found to be less efficient on the total weed density (efficacy 86.0–93.3%) in comparison with the effect of dimethachlor (94.9–95.8%). Dimethachlor expressed an excellent efficacy on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvois, Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus, Amaranthus retroflexus Linnaeus, Lamium purpureum Linnaeus, and Veronica persica Poiret from the lowest tested application rate (800 g/ha). Pethoxamid showed an excellent efficacy on E. crus-galli, Lamium purpureum, Lamium amplexicaule Linnaeus, V. persica, and P. oleracea. In higher application rates, pethoxamid controlled Chenopodium polyspermum Linnaeus and Chenopodium album Linnaeus. In contrast to mostly negative effects of dimethachlor, pethoxamid showed either no effects or positive ones on the rocket yield. Residues of both herbicides in the harvested product were always below a 'default limit', which is the baseline maximum residue level for food. The selectivity of pethoxamid at an application rate of 960 g/ha was good, herbicide residues in the rocket were not detected and the yield of the rocket increased.

scholarly journals EFIKASNOST KOMBINACIJE MEZOTRIONA I TERBUTILAZINA IZ RAZLIČITIH PREPARATA U USEVU KUKURUZA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Meseldzija ◽  
◽  
Milica Dudic ◽  
Radovan Begovic ◽  
Ivana Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Set Up

The aim of study was to test the efficacy and phytotoxicity of Calaris pro (326 g kg-1 terbuthylazine+50 g kg-1 mesotrione) and Twister (125 g kg-1 terbuthylazine+50 g kg-1 mesotrione) on weeds in maize crop. The experiment was set up during 2017 at the Kruščić, by a random block system in four repetitions. High efficacy of herbicides was manifested on Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Setaria glauca, Hibiscus trionum and Xanthium strumarium, while low efficacy was on Sorghum halepense. The total efficacy for product Calaris pro was 94,16% and for Tvister 96,20%.

scholarly journals Young peacock-shaped plants need protection

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
G. Nychkaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Bioenergy Crop ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Manual Weeding

Goal. Paulownia felines — Paulownia tomentosa L., a promising bioenergy crop for our country. In the early stages of organogenesis (juvenile and immature), young plants of the peacock sprout easily suppress weeds. Therefore, young plantations of such a promising bioenergy crop need reliable and effective protection against the adverse effects of weeds. Method. Weeding processes for young peacock plantations in the small field experiments were conducted in 2018—2019. on the experimental lands of the Yaltushk SSS IBEK and the Central Bank of NAAS The area of the plots is 36 m2, the area of the plot is 25 m2. Repeat studies — 4 times. Placement of sites is regular in two tiers. Seeds and young plants (seedlings) of Clone 112 were used for growing on the plots. Results and Discussion. Contamination of plantations was mixed. The records, carried out on 01.06, recorded the presence of seedlings of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal Beauv, Setaria glauca (L.) Pal.Beauv, Chenopodium album L., Sinapis arvensis L., Thlaspy arvense L., Polygonum scabrum Moench., mustard beetle, Polygonum convolvulus L, Solanum nigrum L. The number of weeds averaged 89.5 pcs/m2. The largest number of seedlings was recorded in millet rooster 12.4pcs/m2, mouse gray — 10.3 pcs/m2, white swans — 8.7 pcs/m2, bear­ded birch — 7.3 pcs/ m2, talaban field — 7.1 pcs/m2. By the third decade of August, their number had increased to 134.0 pieces/ m2. Conclusions. Under the conditions of co-vegetation of young peacock-planted plants with weeds, the height of their plants by the second decade of September averaged 23.6.cm. The height of crop plants that vegetated without adversely affecting the presence of weed plantations (4 consecutive manual weeding) averaged 63.8 cm or 2.7 times greater. Such a negative impact requires the implementation of protection measures for young plants.

scholarly journals Seed production capability of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in segetal and ruderal habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Kurdyukova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Number Of Species

The main cause of wide presence of weeds in segetal and ruderal habitats is their high seed production capacity. It defined in expressly establishing field experiments, in industrial sowings, in segetal and ruderal habitats of steppe zones of Ukraine. It is determined that average fruitfulness of weeds in ruderal habitats was larger, than in segetal habitats by 3.8 times, and indexes of the maximum fruitfulness – by 4.0 times and reached accordingly 7028 and 9345 pieces, and 20112 and 98337 pieces. In segetal habitats monocotyledonous species of weeds on seed production on conceded dicotyledonous species by 2.9–3.7 times, and on ruderal habitats – by 9.8–10.5 times. Average seed production of monocotyledonous plants made up accordingly 3594 and 5660, and dicotyledonous – 12417 and 55629 pieces of seeds from one plant. Most species of monocotyledonous weeds (56,1 %) formed on one plant from 1 to 10 thousand pieces of seeds, and dicotyledonous weeds (37,9 %) – more than 10 thousand pieces of seeds. In segetal habitats the maximum seed production had families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, and on ruderal habitats – Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae. The highest seed production the most widespread and abundant in sowings and on ruderal habitats had weeds: Convolvulus arvensis L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., Eragrostis minor Host, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., etc. The greatest reserve weed seeds in soil in segetal habitats descended at the expense of species from genera Amaranthus, Galium, Cirsium, Setaria, and on ruderal habitats – Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Plantago, etc. In segetal habitats proof presence of weeds of genera with low seed production was sustained at the expense of their larger number of species, and genera with low number of species – at the expense of high seed production. In ruderal habitats – as at the expense of larger number of species, and their high seed production. The absolute maximum of seed production in segetal habitats have been reached at weeds of genera Amaranthus, Cirsium, Galium – from 3288 to 242266 pieces, and in ruderal habitats – Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Plantago – from 108903 to 1911683 pieces from one plant.

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