scholarly journals Cognitive functioning of monolingual and bilingual adolescents: attention, semantic memory and self-efficacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Alicja Fredo ◽  
Henryk Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Psychological Tools ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to discuss the impact of being monolingual or bilingual on cognitive functioning of an individual as well as its influence on their self-efficacy. The literature review points to certain trends in adults’ functioning; however, the study based on young adults and adolescents still displays avenues for elaborating on new correlations. There is a proven relation between cognitive processes and bilingualism; however, their relation to self-efficacy is still to be determined. In the study, adolescents were examined by means of three psychological tools focusing on attention span, verbal fluency and self-efficacy. In spite of the fact that major correlations appeared relatively similar, we observed certain correlations within some of the variables after conducting an in depth analysis of the results in the respective section.

scholarly journals Economic Abuse: A Literature Review of a Salient yet Overlooked Form of Intimate Partner Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Christa Haifley
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
White Collar Crime ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
The Impact

Economic abuse is another form of intimate partner violence (IPV) used by batterers to maintain power and control over their partners which often goes unreported, unrealized, and under-supported by IPV survivor advocates. Economic abuse is misunderstood as an IPV and is often incorrectly considered a financial crime, financial fraud, or white-collar crime. Economic abuse impacts the victim’s short and long-term physical and mental well-being in efforts to achieve economic wellness for basic living conditions as well as job placement and professional development opportunities. Healthy minds fuel healthy bodies and economic self-efficacy contributes to both mental and physical health. The awareness and impact of economic abuse is grossly understudied, lacking empirical evidence on victims and survivors of economic self-sufficiency during and at the conclusion of an abusive relationship. The current research has primarily collected and reported data on heterosexual women, leaving a gap in the research regarding the impact of economic abuse in LGBTQ+ relationships. This paper serves as a literature review into current economic abuse research by discussing three constructs: economic control, economic exploitation, and employment sabotage as well as possible solutions for educational opportunities and financial self-efficacy. Further research is needed to raise awareness and provide financial literacy to IPV survivors in all gender communities.

Home Telemedicine (CoYoT1 Clinic): A Novel Approach to Improve Psychosocial Outcomes in Young Adults With Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Bakhach ◽  
Mark W. Reid ◽  
Elizabeth A. Pyatak ◽  
Cari Berget ◽  
Cindy Cain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Group Home ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
The Impact

Purpose To assess the impact of a home telemedicine clinic model (CoYoT1 Clinic) on psychosocial and behavioral outcomes designed for young adults (YAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods YAs self-selected to participate in the CoYoT1 Clinic or serve as a usual care control. CoYoT1 Clinic visits consisted of an individual appointment with a provider and a group appointment with other YAs with T1D using home telemedicine. Psychosocial and behavioral functioning was assessed by 4 measures: Diabetes Distress Scale, Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale, Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescence Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results Forty-two patients participated in the CoYoT1 Clinic and 39 patients served as controls. CoYoT1 participants reported lower levels of distress ( P = .03), increased diabetes self-efficacy ( P = .01), and improved ability to communicate with others about diabetes ( P = .04) over the study period compared to controls. YA males in the control group reported increases in depressive symptoms ( P = .03) during the study period, but CoYoT1 participants showed no changes. Conclusion Group home telemedicine for YAs with T1D positively affects diabetes distress, self-efficacy, and diabetes-specific communication. These positive findings have the potential to also affect the YAs’ long-term diabetes outcomes. Further investigation of the model is needed.

The impact of sexual education and socialization on sexual satisfaction, attitudes, and self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nurgitz ◽  
Rebecca A. Pacheco ◽  
Charlene Y. Senn ◽  
Karen L. Hobden
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
Parental Socialization ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the relation between school-based sexual education and parental messages about sex received in adolescence, and sexual attitudes and experiences in young adulthood. Participants—99 Canadian undergraduate students aged 17–25 years—reported that their sexual education largely focused on traditional topics (e.g., negative health outcomes, physiology, etc.), while social and emotional topics were less likely to be formally covered. Parental sexual socialization that was more comfortable and accepting of teen sexuality was related to more permissive sexual attitudes in young adults, but was unrelated to self-efficacy or sexual satisfaction. When all variables were examined using hierarchical regression, sexual education and parental socialization did not predict sexual satisfaction. However, mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of sexual self-efficacy on the relation between sexual education and sexual satisfaction. More comprehensive and higher-quality sexual education increased sexual self-efficacy, which was then related to higher sexual satisfaction beyond the role of gender and relationship status. This provides insight into the mechanism by which sexual education in Canada may impact sexual satisfaction. The influence of parental socialization and school-based sexual education are apparent and complementary. Both sources of information and values (parents/school) offered benefits for young adults’ positive sexual attitudes, but school-based education appears to be key. How sexual education is delivered (e.g., if teachers are knowledgeable and comfortable discussing topics) may be even more important than the content itself. These findings suggest that prioritizing teacher training to improve their comfort with delivery of sexual education programming would improve adolescents and young adults’ sexual lives.

Case Management Models and Continuing Care: A Literature Review across nations, settings, approaches, and assessments

2020 ◽  
pp. 108482232095439
Author(s):  
Ziwa Yu ◽  
Allyson J. Gallant ◽  
Christine E. Cassidy ◽  
Leah Boulos ◽  
Marilyn Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Management Models ◽  
The Impact

Older adults accessing continuing care often have multiple chronic conditions. Research suggests that case management is a promising approach to reduce health care expenditure and improve patient outcomes. To optimize healthcare delivery, an examination of existing case management models and their effectiveness is essential. This literature review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methods to explore case management models for older adults accessing continuing care services. Searches were conducted in PubMed and CINAHL from 2010 to 2018. A total of 37 articles were included in this review. Approaches to case management are diverse with respect to composition of care providers, method of care provision, and location of care. Findings from 27 quantitative studies demonstrated that nurse-led and interdisciplinary team case management models that include home visits can effectively reduce hospital admission/readmission while lowering costs. Mixed results were found on the impact of case management on patient satisfaction, ED visits, quality of life, length of stay, self-efficacy, social integration and caregiver burden. Among 10 qualitative studies, 3 facilitators for quality case management were identified that include receiving care at home, building trusting relationships, and improving self-efficacy. Based on these findings, we conclude that nurse-led and interdisciplinary team case management can effectively reduce hospital admission of frail older adults while lowering costs, particularly within home care settings.

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy as Mediator: The Impact of Entrepreneur Education on Entrepreneur Intention

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Rr Fosa Sarassina
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The literature review shows inconsistent results of the relationship between entrepreneurial education withentrepreneurial intention and recommends the investigation of the role of self-efficacy as a mediator between the two constructs. This study aims to meet that purpose. From the response of 241 students in Jogjakarta, which was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), it is concluded that self-efficacy mediates the relationship. This finding signifies the role of entrepreneurship education as it builds self-efficacy to become an entrepreneur, which in turn increases the intention to become one.

Comparing the Cognitive Functioning Effects of Aerobic and Pilates Exercises for Inactive Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110511
Author(s):  
Begum Kara Kaya ◽  
Ayse Zengin Alpozgen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Aerobic exercises (AE) have been found to have short-term positive effects on certain aspects of cognitive functioning. Pilates exercises (PE) may have similar benefits. In this randomized controlled study, we compared the effectiveness of PE and AE on participants’ cognitive functions. We randomly assigned 52 physically inactive young adult volunteers into either a PE group ( Mage = 20.85, SD = 2.11 years; 18 females and 8 males) or an AE group ( Mage = 19.88, SD = 0.91 years; 18 females and 8 males). In both groups, participants engaged in a moderately intense exercise program three days a week for four weeks. We tested participants on cognitive measures of selective attention and inhibitory control (Stroop test), verbal fluency (verbal fluency tests (letter and category); VFTs), and speed of movement (Nelson’s Speed of Movement Test; NSMT). There were no group differences on the Stroop and the VFTs ( p>0.05). However, there was a significant pre- to post-exercise difference for participants in both groups with a medium-large effect size (ES) on Stroop sections 1, 3, 4, and 5, respectively (PE: p < 0.001, ES = 0.58, p = 0.001, ES = 0.54, p < 0.001, ES = 0.88, p = 0.001, ES = 0.60; AE: p < 0.001, ES = 0.70, p < 0.001, ES = 0.89, p < 0.001, ES = 0.86, p = 0.006, ES = 0.65). There was a large effect size pre- to post-exercise detected for VFT sections labeled letter (PE: p < 0.001, ES = 1.45; AE: p < 0.001, ES = 1.11), and category (PE: p < 0.001, ES = 1.11; AE: p < 0.001, ES = 0.83), and there was a large ES for NSMT in the PE group ( p < 0.001, ES = 1.07). Both PE and AE may lead to short-term improvements in selective attention, verbal fluency, and executive control in inactive young adults, and PE may benefit speed of movement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document