EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN PATIENS WITH CHRONIC CALCULOUS PYELONEPHRITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Кузьменко ◽  
Владимир Васильевич Кузьменко ◽  
Тимур Асланбекович Гяургиев ◽  
Иван Иванович Баранников
Keyword(s):  
Urine Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Near Future

На сегодняшний день проблема возросшей антибиотикорезистентности патогенных микроорганизмов существенно возросла и является одной из самых обсуждаемых в научном сообществе. Это связано с частобесконтрольным назначением антибиотиков врачами, а такжеширокой доступностью практически всех видов существующих антибактериальных препаратов для пациентов, что дает им возможность самостоятельно приобрести и принимать их, без соответствующего контроля специалиста.На настоящий момент на фармацевтическом рынке отсутствуют существенно новые антибактериальные препараты с принципиально новым механизмом действия и появления их в ближайшем будущем не предвидится. В связи с тем, что пациенты, имеющие заболевания вызванные микроорганизмами нуждаются в назначении антибиотиков с первого дня начала болезни, а бактериальный посев мочи с определением чувствительности микроорганизмов к антибактериальным препаратам занимает от 3 до 7 дней, проблема эмпирической терапии становится ещё более актуальной. Постоянно меняющийся спектр антибиотикочувствительности микроорганизмов обуславливает необходимость постоянного его мониторинга и регулярной оценки эффективности проводимой эмпирической терапии. Целью данной работы стало изучение соответствия чувствительности микроорганизмов, выявляемых при бактериологическом исследовании мочи у больных уролитиазом, осложненным пиелонефритом, антибиотикам, назначаемым пациентам в качестве эмпирической терапии To date, the problem of increased antibiotic resistance of pathogens has increased significantly and is one of the most discussed in the scientific community. This is due to the often uncontrolled prescribing of antibiotics by doctors, as well as the wide availability of almost all types of existing antibacterial drugs for patients, which gives them the opportunity to independently purchase and take them, without the appropriate supervision of a specialist. At the moment, there are no significantly new antibacterial drugs with a fundamentally new mechanism of action on the pharmaceutical market, and their appearance is not expected in the near future. Due to the fact that patients with diseases caused by microorganisms need to prescribe antibiotics from the first day of the onset of the disease, and bacterial urine culture with the determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs takes from 3 to 7 days, the problem of empirical therapy becomes even more urgent. The constantly changing spectrum of antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms requires constant monitoring and regular evaluation of the effectiveness of empirical therapy. The aim of this work was to study the compliance of the sensitivity of microorganisms detected during bacteriological examination of urine in patients with urolithiasis complicated by pyelonephritis with antibiotics prescribed to patients as an empirical therapy

scholarly journals Summary of Future Space Observations of Solar Irradiances at Different Wavelengths

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Vicente Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Form Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Near Future

The variations of solar irradiance can only be measured with a reasonable precision from space for almost all wavelengths. Yet the history of solar irradiance determinations is, with few exceptions, the history of efforts to patch the infrequent or too discontinuous space-based measurements by devising mechanisms for proxy determination of solar irradiance fluxes from ground-based obtained parameters. Although it appears that in the near future the situation will not be too different, there is some increase in the coverage of the spectral range that will be monitored. From gamma-rays to infrared light there are instruments that are now operating (e.g. GOES, Yohkoh, UARS) or are planned to operate in approved space missions (e.g. SOHO, ATLAS), or form part of proposed, not yet approved, missions. New techniques are being developed specifically for the measurement of solar irradiance variations with increased precision (e.g. cryogenic radiometer) in the next generation of space-borne measurements.

Estimation of efficiency of empirical antibiotic therapy of catheter-associated infection in a urological hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Kuzmenko ◽  
Timur A. Gyaurgiev ◽  
Alexander E. Halchenko ◽  
Yaroslav M. Vorkel
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Clinical Emergency

An analysis of case histories of 119 patients who underwent treatment in the urology department of the Voronezh City Clinical Emergency Hospital No. 10 was performed. All patients were drained with a urethral catheter, a bacteriological examination of the urine was performed, and empirical antibiotic therapy was prescribed. Microflora growth was detected in the urine of 30 (25.2%) patients, most often revealed Klebsiella spp. and Enterococcus faecalis. A high frequency of resistance of uropathogens to antibacterial drugs prescribed as empirical therapy was noted. 66% were resistant to ceftriaxone, and 70% of the isolated microorganism strains to ciprofloxacin. Significantly lower resistance was noted for amikacin and doxycycline. To increase the effectiveness of empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infections, it is necessary to select antibacterial drugs based on the results of monitoring the sensitivity of hospital strains, followed by treatment correction in accordance with the results of urine bacteriological studies.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistant and phagosensitivity of regional strains-causative agents of pyo-inflammatory diseases (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa).

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
S.А. Dеrкаch ◽  
N.I. Gorodnicka ◽  
N.M. Kutsaj ◽  
L.S. Gabisheva ◽  
О.V. Коtsar
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Student’S T Test

Annotation. The actual issue is studying of sensitivity to antibiotics of regional strains-causative agents when there is increasing circulation of poly-resistant microorganisms. They were isolated from different biotopes. Their sensitivity to various commercial bacteriophage preparations was carried out in parallel. The purpose of the study was to determine the antibiotics of choice for starting therapy of purulent-inflammatory diseases and the prospects of using bacteriophage preparations relative to the most etiologically significant regional pathogen strains. Common methods of investigation were used: disco-diffusion to determine antibiotics sensitivity and drop method to study phagosensitivity. The results were processed by the method of variational statistics using M. Excel 2000 Biostat with Student's t test. It has been shown that antibiotics of choice for starting therapy of purulent-inflammatory diseases, in the absence of bacteriological examination of patients and determination of antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens, it is advisable to consider fluoroquinolones (sensitivity of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin about 90%), amikacin and gentamycin (78,3–39,7%), imipenem (57,4%). The conducted studies confirm the prospect of using existing bacteriophage drugs, including “Pyofag” and “Intestyfag”, LLC “Farmaxgroup” (Ukraine). The sensitivity of regional strains was 50,0–60,0%. It remains promising to study the effectiveness of the complex using of antibiotics and bacteriophages and to improve the action of commercial preparation of bacteriophages.

Population Change, Modernization and Welfare. By Joseph Spengler. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1974.

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Almost All

The book covers a wide field, touching on almost all aspects of popula¬tion change on a world-wide scale. It discusses, using world and country data, the relationships between demographic and socio-economic variables, and elaborates on" their relative importance in the determination of population problems which confront the world as a whole and nations individually. Policies designed to alleviate these problems are discussed with an emphasis on those related to population control. The first chapter is entitled "Population Growth: Past and Prospective" and reviews the various parameters associated with population change in the past and in the future. It touches upon the concept of a stable population in order to show the elements which cause a population to change (i.e. remove it from its stable condition). The main elements of change, population growth, migration, mortality and natality are discussed individually. The chapter is concluded by a description of the main differences in these elements and other socio-economic conditions as they exist in the less-developed and developed countries.

PREDICTION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF RECONSTRUCTIVE INTERVENTIONS ON THE MAJOR NERVES OF THE FOREARM, DEPENDING ON THE DEFECT DURATION AND THE FOLLOWING REHABILITATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Олег Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Людмила Валентиновна Кретинина ◽  
Наталья Владимировна Якушева ◽  
Артём Николаевич Шевцов
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽  
The Moment

Статья посвящена построению прогноза эффективности реконструктивных вмешательств на магистральных нервах предплечья в зависимости от протяженности дефекта нервной ткани и особенностей последующего периода реабилитации пациентов. Данная тематика является весьма актуальной, так как с каждым годом во всем мире наблюдается определенный рост случаев травм различного генеза магистральных нервных стволов, которые затем нередко приводят к временной нетрудоспособности и даже инвалидности пациентов. Реконструктивная микрохирургия многие десятилетия пытается решить целый ряд проблем аутотрансплантации нервных стволов и повысить ее общую эффективность. Но из-за определенных проблем связанных с финансированием, некоторые вопросы трансплантологии и реабилитации остаются нерешенными и в настоящий момент. Все это придает представленной работе важное значение не только медицинского, но и социально - экономического плана. Целью работы стала попытка построения прогноза восстановительных операций на нервной ткани, с учетом объема пораженных структур и периода реабилитации. Объектами исследования стало 180 больных, которым по той или иной причине, осуществлялась реконструктивная операция на одном из магистральных нервов предплечья. Все пациенты были разделены на 3 группы по 60 человек, в зависимости от протяженности дефекта магистрального нерва: до 4 см, от 4 до 8 см и от 8 до 12 см. Последующее разделение внутри каждой группы на подгруппы производилось в зависимости от определенного поврежденного нерва (лучевой, локтевой, срединный). В работе изучалось течение раннего послеоперационного воспалительного процесса, с определением бактериальной микрофлоры в ране. Изучались и отдаленные последствия оперативного вмешательства. Своеобразной новизной для данной тематики в целом, стало выявление последующего установления инвалидности пациентов. Кроме того, важные данные были получены и по срокам реабилитации и частичного или полного восстановления утраченных функций по срокам в зависимости от размеров восстанавливаемого дефекта и от наличия или отсутствия необходимой реабилитации. Полученные в работе данные могут представлять интерес не только для врачей хирургов и травматологов, но и для организаторов здравоохранения, позволяя производить прогнозы по выздоровлению пациентов в каждой определенной клинической ситуации The article is devoted to the construction of a forecast of the effectiveness of reconstructive interventions on the main nerves of the forearm, depending on the length of the defect in the nervous tissue and the characteristics of the subsequent period of rehabilitation of patients. This topic is very relevant, since every year all over the world there is a certain increase in cases of injuries of various origins of the main nerve trunks, which then often lead to temporary disability and even disability of patients. For many decades, reconstructive microsurgery has been trying to solve a number of problems of autotransplantation of nerve trunks and improve its overall efficiency. But due to certain problems associated with funding, some issues of transplantation and rehabilitation remain unresolved at the moment. All this gives the presented work important not only medical, but also socio - economic importance. The aim of this work was to attempt to predict restorative operations on the nervous tissue, taking into account the volume of the affected structures and the period of rehabilitation. The objects of the study were 180 patients who, for one reason or another, underwent a reconstructive operation on one of the main nerves of the forearm. All patients were divided into 3 groups of 60 people, depending on the length of the main nerve defect: up to 4 cm, from 4 to 8 cm, and from 8 to 12 cm. Subsequent division within each group into subgroups was performed depending on the specific damaged nerve ( radial, ulnar, median). The work studied the course of the early postoperative inflammatory process, with the determination of bacterial microflora in the wound. The long-term consequences of surgery were also studied. A peculiar novelty for this topic as a whole was the identification of the subsequent establishment of disability in patients. In addition, important data were obtained on the timing of rehabilitation and partial or complete restoration of lost functions in terms of timing, depending on the size of the restored defect and on the presence or absence of the necessary rehabilitation. The data obtained in this work may be of interest not only for surgeons and traumatologists, but also for healthcare organizers, allowing them to make predictions about the recovery of patients in each specific clinical situation

scholarly journals Changing the Culture of Ordering Urine Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s162-s162
Author(s):  
Jane Adams ◽  
Thomas File ◽  
Matthew England ◽  
Nancy Reynolds ◽  
Patricia Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Culture ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Infectious Disease Service ◽  
Testing Algorithm ◽  
Successful Reduction

Background: Inappropriate ordering of urine cultures and the resulting unnecessary use of antibiotics can lead to complications of antimicrobial therapy including resistance, adverse effects (eg, disruption of microbiome and C. difficile infection), and increased healthcare costs, as well as the erroneous determination of CAUTI in patients with Foley catheters. A retrospective analysis of patients with CAUTI revealed frequent ordering of urine cultures for conditions and symptoms not supported by current IDSA guidelines. As a result, we created an action plan to reverse the trend of inappropriate urine culture ordering. Methods: Our urine culture reduction campaign was developed with input from the infectious disease service, antibiotic stewardship team (AST), infection prevention, pharmacy, and the microbiology service. The following educational efforts were included: (1) distribution of outpatient pocket cards with communication to providers about appropriate ordering of urine cultures; (2) creation of an evidence-based order set for urinalysis and urine cultures distributed electronically as emails and screensavers on computer stations and in person via didactic sessions with physicians and nursing staff; (3) a practice pointer for staff nurses that included recommended changes to urine culture ordering and encouraged open dialogue with physicians regarding the appropriateness of urine cultures; (4) didactic and personal communications to counter long-standing myths, such as “Urine cultures always for change in mental status”; (5) a peer-review process to evaluate and justify deviations from the testing algorithm.Results: The first and second months after the introduction of the campaign, the microbiology laboratory reported 23% and 37% reductions in urine cultures ordered, respectively. During the same period, a 48% reduction in CAUTIs was reported for the entire health system. Conclusions: Reducing the number of inappropriate urine cultures is achievable with intense communication utilizing a multifaceted approach. With continued educational activities, we expect to sustain and even improve our successful reduction of inappropriate urine culture orders, ultimately improving patient outcomes.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Comparison on the Nutrient Plunder Capacity of Orychophragmus violaceus and Brassica napus L. Based on Electrophysiological Information

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Yanyou Wu ◽  
Haitao Li ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Orychophragmus Violaceus ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Capacitive Reactance ◽  
Time Determination ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

The nutrient metabolism, growth and development of plants are strongly affected by its nutrient plunder, and plants have different adaptive mechanisms to low-nutrient environments. The electrophysiological activities involve almost all life processes of plants. In this study, the active transport flow of nutrient (NAF) and nutrient plunder capacity (NPC) of plants were defined based on leaf intrinsic impedance (IZ), capacitive reactance (IXc), inductive reactance (IXL) and capacitance (IC) to evaluate the nutrient plunder capacity of plants for the first time. The results indicate that Orychophragmus violaceus had higher (p < 0.01) NPC and IC and lower (p < 0.01) IR, IXc, IXL and IZ as compared to Brassica napus L., which supports a superior ion affinity and that it could be better adapted to low-nutrient environments. UAF and NPC of plants exhibited good correlations with crude protein, crude ash and water content, and precisely revealed the plunder capacity and adaptive strategies of plants to nutrients. The present work highlights that O. violaceus had superior NPC and ion affinity compared with B. napus, and provided a novel, rapid, reliable method based on the plant’s electrophysiological information for real-time determination of the nutrient plunder capacity of plants.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou ◽  
Kimon Moschandreou ◽  
Aikaterina Paraskevopoulou ◽  
Christophoros Christophoridis ◽  
Elpida Grigoriadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Almost All

Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs) and anabaenopeptins (APs). This study reports on the co-occurrence of CTs and cyanopeptides (CPs) in Lake Vegoritis, Greece and presents their variant-specific profiles obtained during 3-years of monitoring (2018–2020). Fifteen CTs (cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin (ATX), nodularin (NOD), and 12 microcystins (MCs)) and ten CPs (3 APs, 4 MGs, 2 AERs and aeruginosamide (AEG A)) were targeted using an extended and validated LC-MS/MS protocol for the simultaneous determination of multi-class CTs and CPs. Results showed the presence of MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, MC-HtyR, and MC-HilR) and CYN at concentrations of <1 μg/L, with MC-LR (79%) and CYN (71%) being the most frequently occurring. Anabaenopeptins B (AP B) and F (AP F) were detected in almost all samples and microginin T1 (MG T1) was the most abundant CP, reaching 47.0 μg/L. This is the first report of the co-occurrence of CTs and CPs in Lake Vegoritis, which is used for irrigation, fishing and recreational activities. The findings support the need for further investigations of the occurrence of CTs and the less studied cyanobacterial metabolites in lakes, to promote risk assessment with relevance to human exposure.

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