scholarly journals The Main Disease and its Attacks in the Generative Phase of Maize (Zea Mays L) in the Freshwater Swamps of South Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Harman Hamidson ◽  
Riski Anwar Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Orange Color

In South Sumatra, the ​​freshwater swamps is 157,846 hectares, with this wide freshwater swamps, it can be used for crops food  cultivation, one of which is maize. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the identification and attack of maize disease in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra. The research method was purposive sampling. The results of the study identification that the symptoms of maize leaf rust attack, seen from the physiology of maize leaves, were the lumps or pustules of orange color such as rust and the symptoms of maize leaf blight seen from the physiology of maize leaves, were small oval brownish lines like burning leaves. The leaf rust disease had an attack rate of 90% and the maize leaf blight reached 98%. Based on the results of this study, the main disease of maize attacking in the generative phase was the leaf rust (Puccinia polysora) and maize leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis).

Growth-Related Changes in Subcellular Ion Patterns in Maize Leaves (Zea mays L.) under Salt Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahzad ◽  
K. Witzel ◽  
C. Zörb ◽  
K. H. Mühling
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Leaves

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS AGAINST LEAF RUST DISEASE.

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Marian Thabet ◽  
E. Gado ◽  
M. Najeeb ◽  
S. El -Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

scholarly journals Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
Albiner Siagian ◽  
Maria Rumondang Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Severity

Abstract Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.

Alternaria spp. associated with leaf blight of maize in Heilongjiang Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Xu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xilang Yang ◽  
Hanshui Cao ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Alternaria Sp

Maize is a major economic crop worldwide. Maize can be infected by Alternaria species causing leaf blight that can result in significant economic losses. In this study, 168 Alternaria isolates recovered from symptomatic maize leaves were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multi-locus sequence analyses of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA ITS), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and histone 3 (HIS3). Maize isolates grouped to four Alternaria species including Alternaria tenuissima, A. alternata, A. burnsii, and Alternaria sp. Notably, A. tenuissima (71.4%) was the most prevalent of the four isolated species, followed by A. alternata (21.5%), Alternaria sp. (4.1%), and A. burnsii (3.0%). Pathogenicity tests showed that all four Alternaria species could produce elliptic to nearly round, or strip lesions on leaves of maize, gray white to dry white in the lesions center and reddish brown in the edge. The average disease incidence (58.47%) and average disease index (63.55) of maize leaves inoculated with A. alternata were significantly higher than levels resulting from A. tenuissima (55.28% and 58.49), Alternaria sp. (55.34% and 58.75), and A. burnsii (56% and 55). Haplotype analyses indicated that there were 14 haplotypes of A. tenuissima and 5 haplotypes of A. alternata in Heilongjiang province and suggested the occurrence of a population expansion. Results of the study showed that Alternaria species associated with maize leaf blight in Heilongjiang province are more diverse than those have been previously reported. This is the first report globally of A. tenuissima, A. burnsii, and an unclassified Alternaria species as causal agents of leaf blight on maize.

Occurrence of Asian grapevine leaf rust disease caused by Phakopsora meliosmae-myrianthae in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santos G. Leyva-Mir ◽  
Cristina García-Reyes ◽  
Alma R. Solano-Báez ◽  
Moisés Camacho-Tapia ◽  
Mayra T. García-Ruíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Disease

Comparison of the effect of leaf rust on the grain yield of resistant, partially resistant, and susceptible spring wheat cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Singh ◽  
T. S. Payne ◽  
P. Figueroa ◽  
S. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat

AbstractThree hypersensitive resistant, six partially resistant (slow rusting), and one susceptible spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight under artificially created epiphytotics of leaf rust disease (caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) with and without fungicide protection for three years. Rusted plot yields were 4 percent lower compared to fungicide-protected plot yields for cultivars with hypersensitive resistance. In rusted plots, grain yield and kernel weight averaged 8 percent less for cultivars with partial resistance but varied from 2 to 20 percent less depending on cultivar. The susceptible check cultivar, Yecora 70, averaged 27 percent lower grain yield, 22 percent lower kernel weight, and 6 percent lower test weight in rusted plots. Slight reduction in test weight was also observed for each cultivar. Losses in grain yield could, therefore, be reduced to levels similar to those of hypersensitive resistant cultivars by the use of partial resistance. We discuss the sustainability of partial genetic resistance to leaf rust. Since partial resistance is expected to be durable, and since rust levels and effects on yield in farmers' fields are likely to be less than in this experimental plot study, partial resistance should give long-lasting resistance at a negligible cost in yield that is insufficient to justify the use of fungicides.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document