scholarly journals Pusat Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia: Refleksi dan Proyeksi Hubungan Sosial Budaya China-Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Feri Ansori
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Mandarin Language ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
World Maritime

<p><em>Abstrak - </em><strong>Kebangkitan China pada awal abad 21 dalam percaturan global dipandang sebagai sebuah fenomena yang menegaskan bahwa dominasi Barat akan segera berakhir dan muncul kekuatan global baru dari kawasan Asia. Hal ini ditanggapi beragam oleh berbagai kalangan, sebagian menganggapnya sebagai suatu hal yang positif, namun sebagian lagi menganggapnya sebagai satu ancaman. Terpilihnya Presiden Joko Widodo pada pemilu 2014 yang mengusung poros maritim dunia dengan tol laut sebagai agenda utama, memunculkan sebuah paradigma baru bagi pemerintah Indonesia dalam memandang Jalur Sutera Maritim Abad 21 (<em>21<sup>st</sup> Maritime Silk Road</em>) yang dicanangkan oleh China sebagai sebuah tantangan atau potensi. Konektifitas dalam <em>Belt and Road Iniative</em> s</strong><strong>ejalan dengan 5 (lima) pilar utama yang dicanangkan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo dalam program poros maritim dunia. Dalam mensinergikan kebijakan dua pemerintah ini, tentu saja hubungan </strong><strong><em>people-to-people</em></strong><strong> yang terjalin melalui hubungan sosial dan budaya menjadi pilar yang sangat penting. Bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah kedua negara dalam meningkatkan hubungan <em>people-to people</em>, akan sangat berpengaruh dalam keberhasilan kerjasama ini. Makalah ini memaparkan perkembangan hubungan sosial budaya Indonesia-China melalui berbagai kegiatan di Pusat Bahasa Mandarin di Unversitas Al Azhar Indonesia. Pusat Bahasa Mandarin mungkin mampu mengurangi kesan negatif sebagian masyarakat Indonesia terhadap China, tapi terbatas hanya pada beberapa orang saja yang terlibat erat dalam lembaga tersebut.</strong><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em> - Poros maritim dunia, Jalur sutera maritim abad 21, Indonesia, China, People-to-people</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract - </em><strong>The rise of China in the early 21st century in the global arena is seen as a phenomenon that resists Western domination will coming to an end and emerging new global powers from the Asian region. This was responded to by various parties, some of them regarded it as a positive thing, but some regard it as a threat. The election of President Joko Widodo in 2014, which brings the maritime axis of the world with the sea toll as the main agenda, has created a new paradigm for the Indonesian government in the view of the <em>21st Maritime Silk Road</em> by China as a challenge or potential. Connectivity in <em>Belt and Road Iniative</em> is consistent with 5 (five) main pillars proclaimed by President Joko Widodo in the world maritime axis program. In synergizing this, of course the <em>people-to-people</em> relationship that exists through social and cultural relationships becomes a very important pillar. How government policies of both countries in improving <em>people-to people</em> relationship, will be very influential in the success of this cooperation. This paper describes the development of socio-cultural relations between Indonesia and China through various activities at the Mandarin Language Center at Al Azhar University of Indonesia. The Chinese Language Center may be able to reduce the negative impression of Indonesian society on China, but only to a few people who are closely involved in the institution.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> -<strong> </strong>World maritime axis, 21st century maritime silk trail, Indonesia, China, People-to-people<strong></strong></em></p>

scholarly journals Kenya and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Implications for China-Africa Relations

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 401-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabil Farooq ◽  
Tongkai Yuan ◽  
Jiangang Zhu ◽  
Nazia Feroze
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

China remains Africa’s largest financier of infrastructure, and the Belt and Road Forum held in May 2017 estimated pledge of funds of about US$40 billion. Reportedly, projects worth much more than the pledged funds are in the planning or have been underway, making the “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)” the biggest development initiative in history. China and Africa need each other in development, and the Asian giant continues to make inroads into Africa, home to minerals, oil, and other resources that help feed China’s phenomenal economic growth. This article intends to discuss the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR)” under the BRI and its socioeconomic and cultural impact on China-Africa relations, with an emphasis on China’s relationship with Kenya, a founding member of the East Africa community (EAC) that has enjoyed lasting friendship with China. It is concluded that despite the generally positive impact of Chinese economic presence in Africa over the past decades, both China and African countries have much to do to consolidate their mutually beneficial relationship and to achieve the MSR’s target of common prosperity in the long run.

The Belt and Road Initiative and China’s Grand Diplomacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850015
Author(s):  
Zheng Yongnian ◽  
Zhang Chi
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
National Development ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

On March 28, 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping detailed his vision for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (hereinafter referred to as the Belt and Road) when attending the Boao Forum for Asia. After this, China’s National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the “Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road”, a sign that the Belt and Road Initiative promoted by China as a foreign cooperation platform entered its first year of implementation. This vision covers over half of the global population and involves more than 60 countries along the routes, the economic aggregates of which account for about one-third of the world. During 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang paid frequent visits to all continents in an effort to promote the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative. At present, the Belt and Road Initiative has received positive responses from the countries along the routes, and a number of cooperation projects have been underway smoothly. With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is forming a grand diplomatic landscape with “double legs” (a new type of major power relations and the Belt and Road Initiative) and a “single circle” (peripheral diplomacy). The Belt and Road Initiative highlights the spirit of the age, characterized by “peace, mutual respect, openness, and inclusiveness”, and has major international significance in helping China break through the security dilemma among nations, shoulder the responsibilities of a great power, and build China’s soft power in the international arena.

scholarly journals Investment Strategy of Chinese Terminal Operators along the “21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liehui Wang ◽  
Yuanbo Zheng ◽  
Cesar Ducruet ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Terminal Operations ◽  
Port Said

After the the Belt and Road initiative launched in 2013, Chinese terminal operators invested in ports situated along the “21st- century Maritime Silk Road (MSR)”. Identifying which ports are important is made possible through applying complex network methods and GIS analysis. This paper thus identifies strategic hub ports and investment strategies along the MSR. Our main conclusions are as follows. (1) In 2017, the ports with the greatest contact with China were located in the Southeast Asian and European shipping areas. (2) The overseas invested terminals of Chinese terminal operators are mainly concentrated in European and the Mediterranean Sea. Although the connection between China and Southeast Asia is strengthening, terminal operations in Southeast Asia did not expand significantly in the past 12 years. (3) The ports of Singapore, Kelang, Manila (Asia), Rotterdam, Hamburg (Europe), Suez and Port Said (Mediterranean and Red Sea), Brisbane, Melbourne, and Sydney (Oceania) are the ports of major concern for current and future investment by Chinese terminal operators.

scholarly journals Game Theory-Based Pathway Selection for Fair and Reciprocal Cooperation among Ports along the Maritime Silk Road

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Feng ◽  
Longfang Liu ◽  
He Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road

The transport infrastructure connection is the fundamental base for the promotion of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. Ports, as the core elements in the connection, contribute to the practical infrastructure connections along the maritime road. A multihierarchical cooperation framework in between the ports and based on the fair and mutual benefit concept is the cornerstone of constructing the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the engine fuelling the updation of Chinese seaports and growth. This paper first defines the port cooperation along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and analyses the opportunity and challenges from the perspectives of the port-industrial and the port-region interaction. Then, it develops research into port cooperation, path selection, cooperation mechanisms, and application conditions in analysing port FDI, BOT, port alliances, multimode transport, and the institutional innovation of China’s ports. In conclusion, we develop a game theory selection analysis to study multiwin cooperation for port FDI in host countries along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

scholarly journals The New Cycle of Internationalisation of a Southern European Telecommunications Company at the Early 21st Century: Telefónica

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p11
Author(s):  
Ángel Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Market ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Telecommunications Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
European Markets ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The telecommunications sector entered the new millennium with a new paradigm, defined in four terms: mobile and global in nature, private, competitive and with interests in different sectors. Within this framework, the research presented here addresses the new cycle in Telefónica's internationalisation and the intricate investment process in Spanish telecommunications. The text is structured in four main sections, comprising an overview of Telefónica in the world market, Telefónica's entry into Central Europe with Český Telecom, the entry into unexplored European markets with O2 and the penetration of subjectively distant markets - China.

scholarly journals AN EXAMINATION ON THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE OF CHINA IN 21ST CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Asghar Ullah Khan ◽  
Zain Ul Abiden Malik ◽  
Hani Fatima Malik
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean

The current research analyzes Indian concerns about China's growing impact in the Indian Ocean region, particularly the transformation activities on the China's Maritime Silk Road and China's Silk Road Economic Belt in the 21st century. The research looks deeply at the reasons for the Indian anxiety and misunderstanding of the China Belt and Road Initiative, especially the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The research also claims that global support has exposed the role of China's BRI in regional socio-economic connectivity. India, however, is the largest nation in South Asia and has a positive impact on the Indian Ocean. In other South Asian countries, apart from Pakistan, it plays an important role in the economic, military and communications. The attitude of India is very crucial to the China's BRI. As China's most significant neighbor, the Century Maritime Silk Road With respect to its economy and its military size.

scholarly journals The Politics of Chinese Investment in Africa under Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Andika Raka Dianjaya
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Risk Investment ◽  
Political Economy Approach

BRI project that will be held by China to connect countries in Europe, Asia, Middle East and Africa through Maritime Silk Road and Land Silk Road. This project will accelerate economy between countries who joined with this project. Africa as the potential partner have abundant resources energy that China require to maintain their position as the largest industrial producer in the world. China offering investment total of $ 60 billion to Africa and pledge to assist them to build infrastructure, technology, agriculture and any project that Africa need to develop their countries so they can compete in this globalization revolution industrial era. On this paper, we will analyse China position with their BRI project in Africa using Political Economy Approach by Weingast & Wittman and why China willingly to give investment total of $ 60 billion to Africa which is some Africa countries maybe can’t pay back their loans. Is this will become risk investment for China itself in the future?

scholarly journals Perceiving the Silk Road Archipelago: Archipelagic relations within the ancient and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Baoxia Xie ◽  
Xianlong Zhu ◽  
Adam Grydehøj
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The City ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Silk Road

This paper analyses the ancient Maritime Silk Road through a relational island studies approach. Island ports and island cities represented key sites of water-facilitated transport and exchange in the ancient Indian Ocean and South China Sea. Building our analysis upon a historical overview of the ancient Maritime Silk Road from the perspective of China’s Guangdong Province and the city of Guangzhou, we envision a millennia-long ‘Silk Road Archipelago’ encompassing island cities and island territories stretching across East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa. Bearing in mind the complex movements of peoples, places, and processes involved, we conceptualise the ancient Maritime Silk Road as an uncentred network of archipelagic relation. This conceptualisation of the ancient Maritime Silk Road as a vast archipelago can have relevance for our understanding of China’s present-day promotion of a 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road as part of the Belt and Road Initiative. We ultimately argue against forcing the Maritime Silk Road concept within a binary perspective of essentialised East-West conflict or hierarchical relations and instead argue for the value of a nuanced understanding of relationality.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Analytics for China’s Overseas Construction Projects in the Contexts of the Maritime Silk Road and Global Maritime Network

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Overseas ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road

The Belt and Road (BR) Initiative (BRI) is usually examined in geopolitics perspectives, while the studies ignored the consistency of the BRI with the world economy and China’s historical international business. This study developed a maritime big data system to analyze global interactions upon the global maritime network generated from the system. The BR is coupled with Chinese overseas construction projects (COCPs) in the context of the global maritime network by data-driven analytics methods. A network is developed by extracting the spatial interactions among maritime ports, and time and spatial analyzing methods are used for vessel flows among maritime ports. Then, nine analytical experiments are conducted to examine the relations between COCP and BRI. The figure of the BR emerges from COCP and the maritime network. The BR region and especially the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) had emerged as a definite shape ten years ago. The BRI creates additional opportunities in developing the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the connectivity between BR and the world. The policy implications considering China, regions, and global communities are further be studied. The BR is investigated by using the big data coupled with the COCP other than just depicting from geographical and economic views.

scholarly journals Evaluate Typhoon Disasters in 21st Century Maritime Silk Road by Super-Efficiency DEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Yu ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Chenliang Li
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Super Efficiency ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Efficiency Data

The Belt and Road Initiative involves many countries and areas. As the introducer, China plays a key role in the initiative. However, the coastal areas in China have frequently been hit by typhoons that lead to huge casualties and economic losses. In order to reduce damages caused by natural disasters, this paper selected the coastal regions of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road as the study areas, specifically Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan, to estimate the vulnerability to typhoon disasters based on the historical data about typhoon disasters and the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluation model. Although Shanghai is a low-vulnerable region, it needs to pay close attention to the risk of typhoon disasters due to the outstanding economic influence. In addition, it was found that the vulnerability to typhoons in Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Hainan showed a dramatic fluctuation from 2011 to 2016, and Zhejiang’s vulnerability in 2013 was extremely high compared to other years. Meanwhile, Guangdong and Hainan are highly vulnerable areas, suffering from typhoon disasters heavily. Moreover, the vulnerability to typhoons for Fujian is relatively low.

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