scholarly journals CFA BASED UNIVERSAL BIQUAD FILTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Piccirilli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Mos Transistors ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Engineering Teams ◽  
Biquad Filter ◽  
Low Pass

This paper is a review of the organizational structure and challenges that a technological enterprise faces during scaling, from the perspective of the engineering management. After expanding operations internationally, the distributed engineering teams developing hardware and software for internet of things applications, face issues regarding culture, communication, leadership, project planning and management. Relevant literature addressing these issues is presented. We elaborate on already implemented measures for improving the overall efficiency and propose further processes introduced in recent literature that can be beneficial for further optimizing the new product development. Potential knock-on effects by such implementation are also discussed. A universal biquad filter using current feedback amplifiers (CFA) as active devices and a canonical number of capacitors is presented. It realizes the classical feedforward structure through the use of grounded capacitors and MOS transistors, which permit a full integrability. The proposed circuit has attractive characteristics, as the possibility to electronically control the transfer function coefficients and the possibility to be directly inserted within cascaded configurations. The theoretical analysis of the circuit is followed by some PSPICE simulation results in agreement with the theoretical findings. In this paper a universal fully integrable biquad using CFAs as active devices and a canonical number of capacitors is presented. It realizes the classical feedforward structure [3] through the use of grounded capacitors and MOS transistors. The presence of grounded capacitors makes the proposed circuit absorb shunt parasitic capacitances. All the possible kinds of responses can be realized, while in the biquad reported in [2] only the low-pass and band-pass responses can be obtained. The numerator and denominator coefficients of the voltage transfer function of the proposed biquad can be electronically controlled by acting on the gate voltages of the MOS transistors of the circuit. Moreover the presented structure has a low-impedance output and then it can be cascaded without additional buffers.

scholarly journals SCALING CHALLENGES OF HIGH-TECH SMES DEVELOPING INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Anthony Bouzakis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
New Product ◽  
Engineering Management ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Engineering Teams ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

This paper is a review of the organizational structure and challenges that a technological enterprise faces during scaling, from the perspective of the engineering management. After expanding operations internationally, the distributed engineering teams developing hardware and software for internet of things applications, face issues regarding culture, communication, leadership, project planning and management. Relevant literature addressing these issues is presented. We elaborate on already implemented measures for improving the overall efficiency and propose further processes introduced in recent literature that can be beneficial for further optimizing the new product development. Potential knock-on effects by such implementation are also discussed.

scholarly journals High-Input Impedance Voltage-Mode Multifunction Filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
San-Fu Wang ◽  
Hua-Pin Chen ◽  
Yitsen Ku ◽  
Yi-Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Input Impedance ◽  
Angular Frequency ◽  
High Input ◽  
High Input Impedance ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Circuit Performance ◽  
Voltage Mode ◽  
Biquad Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Multifunction Filter

This paper proposes a high-input impedance voltage-mode (VM) multifunction biquad filter which employs three current-feedback amplifiers (CFAs), three resistors, and two grounded capacitors. The proposed VM multifunction biquad filter has single-input and triple-output and can realize non-inverting low-pass (NLP), inverting band-pass (IBP), and non-inverting band-stop (NBS) voltage responses at the same time without increasing component selection. The proposed VM multifunction biquad filter enjoys the orthogonal tunability of angular frequency and quality factor and also provides the advantage of using only two grounded capacitors, high-input impedance and low active/passive sensitivity. The performance of the proposed VM multifunction biquad filter is verified through its hardware implementation and OrCAD PSpice simulation based on AD844-type CFAs. The circuit analysis, sensitivity analysis, and NLP, IBP, and NBS voltage responses are also shown in this paper. The paper presents a method to effectively reduce the active and passive components, maintain good circuit performance, and reduce circuit costs.

ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE TRANSFER FUNCTION OF A PLANAR LOW - PASS FILTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2579-2586
Author(s):  
Adina Racasan ◽  
Calin Munteanu ◽  
Vasile Topa ◽  
Claudia Pacurar ◽  
Claudia Hebedean
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass

scholarly journals Study of modular transfer function-based optieal low-pass filter evaluation model and experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 2854
Author(s):  
Qi Xun-Jun ◽  
Lin Bin ◽  
Cao Xiang-Qun ◽  
Chen Yu-Qing
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass

scholarly journals Disruption from the Virtual World

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed K. Noor
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Workforce Training ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
User Input ◽  
Engineering Teams ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Globally Distributed

This review discusses the concept of virtual world and its increasing implementation in the engineering domain. Current virtual worlds are computer-based simulated environments accessed by numerous users through an online interface. Virtual world applications cover a broad spectrum of activities. Globally distributed engineering teams can use virtual worlds as immersive and interactive platforms for concurrent product design, for virtual prototyping and manufacturing, and for workforce training. Virtual worlds are making a paradigm shift in new product development and are becoming an integral part of computer-aided engineering. Virtual worlds provide an opportunity for businesses to reduce production cycle time and increase user input earlier in the development process. NASA is using simulations of remote landscapes in virtual worlds to evaluate extra-terrestrial transportation options and operators. The review also highlights that virtual worlds have the potential of transforming the 2D Internet into a 360° multisensory 3D immersive experience, with all the richness, depth, and extendibility that it implies.

Norepinephrine reuptake, baroreflex dynamics, and arterial pressure variability in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. R1257-R1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Bertram ◽  
Christian Barrès ◽  
Yong Cheng ◽  
Claude Julien
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Mayer Waves ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Norepinephrine Reuptake

This study examined the effect of norepinephrine reuptake blockade with desipramine (DMI) on the spontaneous variability of the simultaneously recorded arterial pressure (AP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in conscious rats. Acute DMI administration (2 mg/kg iv) depressed AP Mayer waves (∼0.4 Hz) and increased low-frequency (<0.2 Hz) components of AP variability. DMI decreased renal SNA variability, especially due to the abolition of oscillations related to Mayer waves. To examine whether DMI-induced changes in AP and renal SNA variabilities could be explained by alterations in the dynamic characteristics of the baroreceptor reflex loop, the frequency responses of mean AP to aortic depressor nerve stimulation were studied in urethan-anesthetized rats. DMI accentuated the low-pass filter properties of the transfer function without significantly altering the fixed time delay. The frequency responses of iliac vascular conductance to stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain were studied in an additional group of anesthetized rats. DMI did not markedly alter the low-pass filter properties of the transfer function and slightly increased the fixed time delay. These results suggest that the DMI-induced decrease in the dynamic gain of the baroreceptor reflex is responsible for the decreased spontaneous renal SNA variability and the accompanying increased AP variability. The “slowing down” of baroreflex responses cannot be attributed to an effect of DMI at the vascular neuroeffector junction.

Parietal Representation of Hand Velocity in a Copy Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 508-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno B. Averbeck ◽  
Matthew V. Chafee ◽  
David A. Crowe ◽  
Apostolos P. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Linear Representation ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Filter Width ◽  
Low Pass

We recorded neural activity from ensembles of neurons in areas 5 and 2 of parietal cortex, while two monkeys copied triangles, squares, trapezoids, and inverted triangles and used both linear and nonlinear models to predict the hand velocity from the neural activity of the ensembles. The linear model generally outperformed the nonlinear model, suggesting a reasonably linear relation between the neural activity and the hand velocity. We also found that the average transfer function of the linear model fit to individual cells was a low-pass filter because the neural response had considerable high-frequency power, whereas the hand velocity only had power at frequencies below ∼5 Hz. Increasing the width of the transfer function, up to a width of 700–800 ms, improved the fit of the model. Furthermore, the Rsqr of the linear model improved monotonically with the number of cells in the ensemble, saturating at 60–80% for a filter width of 700 ms. Finally, it was found that including an interaction term, which allowed the transfer function to shift with the eye position, did not improve the fit of the model. Thus ensemble neural responses in superior parietal cortex provide a high-fidelity, linear representation of hand kinematics within our task.

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