scholarly journals Thermal Therapy In Patients with Post-pandemic Stress Syndrome as a S upporting Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
Irena Ponikowska ◽  
Przemysław Adamczyk ◽  
Irena Krupka-Matuszczyk

The viral pandemic causes multidirectional adverse effects and the greatest of which is health. The viral infection itself and severe infectious disease with pulmonary complications are of government concern. However, less is said about the effects of pandemic restrictions, e.g., social isolation leading to a series of severe psychosomatic disorders. In social isolation and quarantine, the classic negative lifestyle factors are working – the lack of exercise, excessive eating, stress, and addiction intensity. In turn, these factors lead to the exacerbation of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, heart disease, and others. Stress plays a unique role as it causes a number of stress syndromes, including the most severe form – post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stress is destructive to the entire body. It causes changes mainly in the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. In a stressful situation, the sympathetic nervous system’s activity increases, which leads to disorders in the functioning of many organs. Together with the autonomic nervous system’s stimulation, the secretion of stress hormones such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol increases. Increased adrenaline secretion leads to arrhythmias, hypertension, and metabolic changes. Excessive secretion of cortisol increases protein catabolism, glucagon secretion, increases gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and, consequently, increases blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Post-pandemic stress syndromes should be treated. Classic psychotherapy proposes the most important methods of treating these syndromes. The thermal therapy is the most useful and of pathogenetic significance. Thermal therapy includes heat therapy, hydrotherapy, peloid therapy, massages, music therapy, and physical training. These procedures, included in the appropriate treatment program, positively affect the autonomic nervous system, reduce the secretion of stress hormones, and reduce the level of stress. Thanks to thermal therapy, patients regain their mental balance, eradicate anxiety, improve physical condition, and increase resistance to infections. Moreover, they acquire knowledge about the proper lifestyle and methods to deal with stress.

Vision ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Feipeng Wu ◽  
Yin Zhao ◽  
Hong Zhang

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) confers neural control of the entire body, mainly through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Several studies have observed that the physiological functions of the eye (pupil size, lens accommodation, ocular circulation, and intraocular pressure regulation) are precisely regulated by the ANS. Almost all parts of the eye have autonomic innervation for the regulation of local homeostasis through synergy and antagonism. With the advent of new research methods, novel anatomical characteristics and numerous physiological processes have been elucidated. Herein, we summarize the anatomical and physiological functions of the ANS in the eye within the context of its intrinsic connections. This review provides novel insights into ocular studies.


1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 389-390
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Hardy ◽  
Allan Walker

Acetylcholine (ACh), a common neurotransmitter in the human, acts in the brain at the neuromuscular junction and throughout the autonomic nervous system. Cholinergic receptors have been separated into two main groups: nicotonic (present at the neuromuscular junction) and muscarinic (present at all ganglia of the autonomic nervous system and postsynaptically in the parasympathetic nervous system). Anticholinergic medicines act at muscarinic sites. The first anticholinergic drugs were extracts of belladonna plants, which were used for centuries for their antimotility and antisecretory properties. These drugs generally are ineffective blockers of ACh at nicotinic receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade only at excessive doses. Because antimuscarinic medications block the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system, they affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In general, the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the GI system. Cholinergic impulses cause increased tone and motility of the stomach and intestines and increased secretion of gastric and intestinal fluids. Exocrine pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction also are stimulated by cholinergic activity. Anticholinergics reverse these responses. The prototypical anticholinergic, atropine, decreases output of gastric, intestinal, and pancreatic secretions; decreases motility and tone of the GI tract; and relaxes the gallbladder. Atropine not only interferes with cholinergic activity in the GI tract, it affects the entire body increasing heart rate, depressing salivary and bronchial secretion, decreasing sweating, dilating the pupils, inhibiting accommodation, inhibiting micturition, and causing constipation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
O.D. Havlovsky ◽  
I.A. Holovanova

Over the past seven years, an armed conflict has taken place in the eastern part of Ukraine, leading to significant human losses and involving an increased emotional and physical strain on participants (both military and civilian), post-traumatic stress, which has a devastating effect on the mental and somatic sphere of the individual, changes its spiritual values. Measurement of the autonomic nervous system (excitability, irritability, apathy, lethargy; reduced efficiency; insomnia; hyperesthesia, a feeling of "a lump in the throat") was performed in servicemen who were treated at the Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital for War Veterans during 2019-2020. Predictors were social factors (employment and marital status) and the gender of patients. The influence of predictors on the development of disorders of the autonomic nervous system was determined by the method of the odds ratio. As a result of statistical calculations, risk factors for clinical manifestations of disorders of the autonomic nervous system were identified, that unemployment, on the one hand, increases the risk of apathy and reduces efficiency, but on the other - the unemployed have better sleep; in married people, such manifestation as a feeling of "a lump in a throat" is more often observed. Analyzing the influence of sex, it was found that men are more likely to feel aroused, and women are less likely to feel "a lump in the throat".


Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Yusuke Goto ◽  
Ailing Hu ◽  
Takuji Yamaguchi ◽  
Nobuhiro Suetake ◽  
Hiroyuki Kobayashi

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