scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF ACCELERATED HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL GENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-812
Author(s):  
Olga Ostash ◽  
Oksana Shvager ◽  
Liudmyla Grygorenko ◽  
Svetlana Stepanchuk ◽  
Nina Balenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Cells With Micronuclei ◽  
Genotoxic Carcinogens ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Carcinogen Exposure ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Number Of Cells

The aim of the work was assessment of the criterial significance of the complex of early immunological reactions of the organism, pathomorphological and genotoxic changes in the organs for the acceleration of testing and hygienic assessment of carcinogenic danger of chemical substances. Materials and methods: Investigations were carried out in the chronic experiment on white random-bred male mice and included 2 series of the investigations: 1 – application of benz(a)pyrene on skin in different doses (10.5μg; 2.1μg; 0.21μg); 2 - peroral administration of benz(a)pyrene and phenol (single dose - 0.1 mg). Genotoxic changes in skin and forestomach were assessed with the help of micronuclear test. Results: Under carcinogen exposure, regardless of routes of administration we determined an increase frequency of the cells with micronuclei and suppression of T-link of immune system during the first month which were characterized by a parallelism of development, unidirectional relative to carcinogenesis and presence of reliable reverse correlative connection between them. In the period between the 1t and the 3d months we observed a stabilization of the number of cells with micronuclei and deepening of immunosuppression at the expense of the suppression of humoral chain of the immunity. Conclusions: The obtained data became a basis for the development of methodic scheme of accelerated testing of the chemical substances under investigations for carcinogenicity and hygienic setting of genotoxic carcinogens.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GH: dependence on route and dosage of administration

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Keller ◽  
Zida Wu ◽  
Juergen Kratzsch ◽  
Eberhard Keller ◽  
Werner F Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Serum Gh ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Igfbp 3

Objective: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data after recombinant human GH (rhGH) administration in adults are scarce, but necessary to optimize replacement therapy and to detect doping. We examined pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and 20 kDa GH after injection of rhGH at different doses and routes of administration. Design: Open-label crossover study with single boluses of rhGH. Methods: Healthy trained subjects (10 males, 10 females) received bolus injections of rhGH on three occasions: 0.033 mg/kg s.c., 0.083 mg/kg s.c., and 0.033 mg/kg i.m. Concentrations of 22 and 20 kDa GH, IGF-I, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP)-3 were measured repeatedly before and up to 36 h after injection. Results: Serum GH maximal concentration (Cmax) and area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) were higher after i.m. than s.c. administration of 0.033 mg/kg (Cmax 35.5 and 12.0 μ g/l; AUC 196.2 and 123.8). Cmax and AUC were higher in males than in females (P < 0.01) and pharmacodynamic changes were more pronounced. IGFBP-3 concentrations showed no dose dependency. In response to rhGH administration, 20 kDa GH decreased in females and remained suppressed for 14–18 h (low dose) and 30 h (high dose). In males, 20 kDa GH was undetectable at baseline and throughout the study. Conclusions: After rhGH administration, pharmacokinetic parameters are mainly influenced by route of administration, whereas pharmacodynamic variables and 20 kDa GH concentrations are determined mainly by gender. These differences need to be considered for therapeutic use and for detection of rhGH doping.

scholarly journals C cells in the thyroid of pinealectomized rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Marcus Aurelho de Lima ◽  
Lilian Margareth Biagioni de Lima ◽  
Leandro Luís Lopes Freitas ◽  
Patrícia Fernanda Toledo Barbosa ◽  
Maria de Fátima Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Outbred Strain ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Number Of Cells

PURPOSE: To study quantitatively C cells in the thyroids of non-isogenic rats to determine the possible effects of pinealectomy on the number of these cells, and consequently on the synthesis and secretion of calcitonin. METHODS: Twenty male rats of an outbred strain (200-300 g) were used in the present study. One group of 10 animals was pinealectomized 50 days prior to sacrifice. Thyroid tissue was stained for calcitonin (Dako Corporation) at a 1:1500 dilution. The number of C cells observed was expressed as number of cells/cm². Data were analyzed statistically by Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The number of C cells in pinealectomized and normal animals ranged from 489 to 2084 per cm² and 227 to 1584 per cm², respectively, a difference that was statistically significant (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results showed consistent differences in the number of C cells after pinealectomy when compared to controls. We believe that pinealectomy increases the number of C cells in the rat thyroid.

scholarly journals A case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis causing peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Kinoshita ◽  
Koichi Matsuda ◽  
Yumiko Kawai ◽  
Takayuki Hagiwara ◽  
Akane Okada
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Catheter Removal ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Empirical Antibiotics ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S. paucimobilis) is very rare, and most of the characteristics of such cases are still unknown. Case presentation An 80-year-old Japanese woman on PD was diagnosed with PD-associated peritonitis and received ceftazidime and cefazolin. The number of cells in the peritoneal dialysate decreased quickly. However, because S. paucimobilis was detected, the antibiotic was changed to meropenem according to the susceptibility test results. She was treated with meropenem for two weeks and discharged. After 21 days, she was hospitalized for relapsing peritonitis. S. paucimobilis was detected again, and improvement after the administration of meropenem was poor, eventually resulting in catheter removal. Conclusions S. paucimobilis may be resistant to empirical antibiotics; furthermore, catheter removal may still be required, even with sensitive-antibiotic treatment.

Effectiveness of different doses and routes of administration of tranexamic acid for total hip replacement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Palija ◽  
Sinisa Bijeljac ◽  
Slavko Manojlovic ◽  
Zeljko Jovicic ◽  
Milan Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Different Doses

scholarly journals C-cells in colloid goiter

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Lima ◽  
Fabiana S. Tiveron ◽  
Vitorino M. Santos ◽  
Lilian M. B. Lima ◽  
Gilberto P. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Number Of Cells

PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to quantitatively evaluate C-cells in colloid goiters, analyzing 36 thyroids that were obtained through thyroidectomy from 24 patients with goiter and 12 normal glands from adult patients without thyroid disease, which were used as the control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: On average, 6 different thyroid areas were sampled and labeled by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal anticalcitonin antibody, utilizing the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. C-cells were counted in fields measuring 1 square centimeter, and the mean number of cells per field was then calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: In the colloid goiter group, the number of C-cells ranged from 0 to 23 per field, while in normal controls they ranged from 20 to 148 per field. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a significant decrease of C-cell number in the colloid goiter group compared with control group, indicating that the hyperplastic process is restricted to follicular cells, to the detriment of C-cells, which probably cease to receive trophic stimuli.

Comparison of biodegradability assessment tests for chemical substances in water

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn ◽  
Jana Zagorc-Koncan
Keyword(s):  
Lag Phase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Test Compound ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Assessment Tests ◽  
Ready Biodegradability ◽  
Biodegradation Testing ◽  
Biodegradability Assessment

Assessment of biodegradability of specified compounds or wastewaters is an important guide to estimate their behavior in natural aquatic environment. Multilevel protocol for biodegradability assessment was proposed in the European Union to unify tests in different European countries. The protocol begins with tests for ready biodegradability, which are follosed by inherent biodegradability tests and the multilevel protocol is completed with simulation tests. The three-level tests are differentiated by procedure, concentration of test compound, amount and source of inoculum used. The comparisons of biodegradability tests, one standardized from zero level and one standardized from level one and their non-standardized modifications were made for different test substances to estimate the differences between them and to estimate the meaning of multilevel biodegradability testing. It was pointed out that, due to various biodegradation testing levels, differences between test results occur. The main ones are: the lag phase, the biodegradation rate and the final level of biodegradation.

Beetroot Extracts as Haematopoietic Agents on Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti ◽  
Lusi Putri Dwita ◽  
Dinitia Az Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
White Rats ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Number Of Cells

Introduction: Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) contains flavonoid compounds that play a role in the haematopoietic process. It is known that methanol extract of beetroot has benefits in the process of haematopoiesis in normal white rats. Aims: To evaluate the beetroots extracts as hematopoietic agents on male rats. Methods: Beetroots dried powder was divided into two parts. One part was macerated separately with dichloromethane and 70% ethanol, while the other part is added with citric acid and washed with water to remove alkaloids and then extracted with 70% ethanol. The study used 24 rats which were divided into four groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats, namely the normal group, dichloromethane extract group, ethanolic extract group, and free alkaloids-ethanolic extract group. Each extract was given at a dose of 200 mg.Kg-1 for 21 days. Analyzed blood parameters are erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, leukocytes, and platelets. The data obtained consisted of the number of cells analyzed using one-way ANOVA then obtained by the Tukey test. Results: This study showed a significant increase in the number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, leukocytes, and platelets in rats that were given each extract compared to the normal group (p <0.05). The ethanolic extract of beetroot can increase erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, leukocytes, and platelets by 41.49%, 24.95%, 14.92%, 33.54%, 27.19%, 59.40%, and 35.37%, respectively. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of beetroot has the potential as a good natural haematopoietic agent.

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