scholarly journals Assessment of Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Forest, Pasture, Tea and Cropped Farms along the Nyondo River Basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Omolo Paul Ochieng ◽  
Andrew Nderitu ◽  
Harun Odhiambo ◽  
David M. Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Short Rainy Season

The widespread poor agricultural practices and ancient technologies continuously aggravate erosion of sediments and soil nutrients from delicate terrains at the major catchments of water shades. The ongoing study is assessing soil and nutrient losses in the four major land use covers (forest, pasture, tea and maize farms) in the upper catchment of Nyondo River Basin. The study sites in the upper catchment of Nyondo River Basin are densely populated and receive bimodal rains that support agriculture which is the main economic activity supporting livelihoods of the communities in the region. The experiment is laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with each of the land use covers replicated 3 times with erosion traps mounted on 150 m2 plots. First data set was collected during the short rainy season of 2019 and long rainy season of 2020, with subsequent data collection continuing up to the short rainy season of 2021. Preliminary results showed that soil and nutrients were significantly lost in maize fields (p=0.05), forest cover was the least vulnerable while pasture cover had the highest surface runoff. Nutrient concentrations in the eroded sediments (p=0.05) were significantly higher than those that remained in maize plot while forest and tea fields registered comparable effectiveness in reducing both soil and nutrient losses, seasons notwithstanding. Pasture and maize fields had the highest water loss due to low infiltration rate and were also vulnerable to sediment and nutrients loss through surface runoff. The information will be used to inform and advise stake holders on land use policies geared towards attainment of sustainable agriculture and water quality in Nyondo and areas with similar landscapes and agricultural practices. Keywords: Erosion; Sediment; Nutrients; Land use

scholarly journals Impacts of Agricultural Practices and Tourism Activities on the Sustainability of Telaga Warna and Telaga Pengilon Lakes, Dieng Plateau, Central Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 08030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarmadji ◽  
Hermin Pudjiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Plateau Central ◽  
Environment Sustainability

Telaga Warna and Telaga Pengilon are two volcanic lakes in the Dieng Plateau offer some unique phenomena which are interested for tourists to visit. Telaga Warna and Telaga Pengilon are located side by side in the Dieng Palteau. Those two lakes also have specific ecosystem which differ to other lakes. However as land use in the surrounding area is now gradually changing, the lake is now facing to environmental degradation. The land use in the surrounding area is for intensive agricultural which main crops are vegetable, especially potatoes. Meanwhile, the number of tourist visiting those two lakes is increasing; it may also give some impact to the lake environment. This research aims to study the impacts of agricultural practices and tourism activities to the lake environmental which lead to the environment sustainability of the lakes. The field survey was conducted to collect some data on lakes characteristics, agricultural and tourism activities. Some interviews to local people and tourists were also conducted. Some water and sediment samples were collected followed by laboratory analyses. Some secondary data from previous study was also collected. Data analysis was conducted based on qualitative and quantitative techniques. The study found that agricultural practices of potatoes plantation uses water from the Telaga Pengilon to irrigate the plant by pumping out the water using water pump and distributes the water over the plantation area. Agricultural practices lead to soil erosion, which contribute sediment to the lake carried by surface runoff. Therefore, the volume of lakes is gradually decreasing. The use of fertilizer in the agricultural practice contribute nutrient into the lake carried by surface runoff, leading to the eutrophication, due to the excess used of fertilizer. The study concludes that agricultural practices and tourism activities have some positive economic impacts to the local community, however it also give some adverse affects on the lakes, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The volume of lakes is gradually decreasing due to sedimentation. In the long term periods the lake may not be interesting object for tourism.

scholarly journals Distribution of Nutrients in Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2466-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Suratman ◽  
Y.Y. Hee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Kelantan River Basin ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

This study aims to assess the influences of land use on nutrient concentrations in Kelantan river basin (southern South China Sea), in addition to the effects of monsoon seasons on nutrient concentrations. The dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients in this river were demonstrated to be related to land use during the study period. The middle and lower reaches of the river, which are surrounded by urban areas with high population densities, have enhanced levels of both dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients. Increased rainfall decreased most of the nutrient concentrations in Kelantan river basin, probably due to the dilution effect. According to The Malaysia National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) classification, the mean concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus, nitrite and nitrate in Kelantan river basin fell into Class 1, which is considered at natural levels in the water column.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vegetable Type Cowpea Varieties for Commercial Production in the River Basin and Low Hill Areas

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
YR Pandey ◽  
AB Pun ◽  
RC Mishra
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Pod Length

Five vegetable type cowpea varieties were evaluated in farmer's field with farmers participationat Chambas, Tanahu (450 masl) in two consecutive years 2003 and 2004 rainy season to identifysuitable vegetable type cowpea varieties for commercial production in the river basin and lowhill areas of western region. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design(RCBD) with 5 replications, farmer as replication. Prakash variety used as the check was earliestin flowering and days to first harvest from sowing with an average of 37 and 45 daysrespectively. Pod diameter and pod length among the varieties was significantly different. Thebiggest sized and longest pods were produced by IT 86F-2062-5 (Green) with an average of0.990 cm in diameter and 25.60 cm in length. The highest green pod yield (4.971 t/ha) wasproduced by IT 86F-2062-5 (Green). Despite the earliness in flowering, fruiting and harvesting,Prakash produced the smallest (0.668 cm) and shortest (16.21 cm) pods and ultimately thelowest yield (2.443 t/ha). IT 86F-2062-5 (Green) produced the biggest size (0.990 cm diameter)and longest (24.60 cm) green pods as compared to other varieties IT 86D-792, IT 86F-2062-5(White), IT 86D-798 and Prakash with white color, small size and fibrous pods. The results ofthe experiment and farmers preferences revealed that the variety IT 86F-2062-5 (Green) couldbe recommended for commercial production in the river basin and low hill areas of westernregion.Key words: Cowpea; green pods; river basin; variety; vegetableDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1861Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.16-20

scholarly journals A Study of the Spatial Difference of the Soil Quality of The Mun River Basin during the Rainy Season

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Wu ◽  
Qingsheng Liu ◽  
Guoxia Ma ◽  
Gaohuan Liu ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Main Period

The Mun River basin is one of the main grain-producing areas of Thailand, and the rainy season is the main period for crop planting after being idle during the dry season. However, the soil conditions are variable, so an assessment of soil quality during the rainy season is necessary for improving soil condition and crop production. The aim of this study was to conduct a soil quality assessment based on soil samples. To attain that, a minimum data set theory was used to screen evaluation indicators and geographically weighted regression was performed to obtain spatial interpolations of indicators, while the fuzzy logic model was used to determine the soil quality results. The results showed that the contents of indicators had similar spatial trends as their contents declined from the western to the eastern region of the basin. The soil quality results showed that the poor soil was in the middle of the basin, where the main land use is paddy fields, and the good soil was in the southwest of the basin, where forests and dry fields are widely distributed. The results indicated that the soil quality in the Mun River basin varied greatly, especially for farmland, so these findings will be helpful for improving soil conditions and grain production in the Mun River basin.

scholarly journals Detecting the influence of land use changes on discharges and floods in the Meuse River Basin – the predictive power of a ninety-year rainfall-runoff relation?

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ashagrie ◽  
P. J. de Laat ◽  
M. J. de Wit ◽  
M. Tu ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
River Meuse ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Daily Discharge

Abstract. Quantifying how changes in land use affect the hydrological response at the river basin scale is a current challenge in hydrological science. A daily discharge record (1911–2000) of the river Meuse (21 000 km2; Western Europe) has been simulated with a semi-distributed conceptual model (HBV). The model has been calibrated and validated with a data set for the period 1968–1998. In this study the performance of the model for the period prior to 1968 has been analysed. The observed and simulated discharge records are compared in terms of annual average discharge, summer and winter average discharge, annual maximum daily discharge, and annual maximum 10-day average discharge. The results are discussed with reference to land use change (i.e. forest type change) and shortcomings of the available precipitation and discharge records. The general agreement between the observed and simulated discharge records is good (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency: 0.89–0.93), in particular flood volumes and the highest flood peaks are simulated well but the model has problems with the medium floods (shape and peak value). However, there are some systematic deviations between the observed and simulated discharges during specific periods. The simulation result could somewhat be improved by taking the historical land use into consideration. But the systematic overestimation of the discharge for the period 1933–1968 could not be attributed to observed changes in land use. It is concluded that the overall impact of land use changes in the Meuse basin is too small to be detected given the uncertainties in the available records.

Impact of land use patterns and agricultural practices on water quality in the Calapooia River Basin of western Oregon

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Mueller-Warrant ◽  
S. M. Griffith ◽  
G. W. Whittaker ◽  
G. M. Banowetz ◽  
W. F. Pfender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns

scholarly journals Detecting the influence of land use changes on Floods in the Meuse River Basin – the predictive power of a ninety-year rainfall-runoff relation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ashagrie ◽  
P. J. M. de Laat ◽  
M. J. M. de Wit ◽  
M. Tu ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
River Meuse ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Daily Discharge

Abstract. Quantifying how changes in land use affect the hydrological response at the river basin scale is a current challenge in hydrological science. A daily discharge record (1911–2000) of the river Meuse (21 000 km2; Western Europe) has been simulated with a semi-distributed conceptual model (HBV). The model has been calibrated and validated with a data set for the period 1968–1998. In this study the performance of the model for the period prior to 1968 has been analysed. The observed and simulated discharge records are compared in terms of annual average discharge, summer and winter average discharge, annual maximum daily discharge, and annual maximum 10-day average discharge. The results are discussed with reference to land use change (i.e. forest type change) and shortcomings of the available precipitation and discharge records. The general agreement between the observed and simulated discharge records is good (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency: 0.89–0.93), in particular flood volumes and the highest flood peaks are simulated well but the model has problems with the medium floods (shape and peak value). However, there are some systematic deviations between the observed and simulated discharges during specific periods. The simulation result could somewhat be improved by taking the historical land use into consideration. But the systematic overestimation of the discharge for the period 1933–1968 could not be attributed to observed changes in land use. It is concluded that the overall impact of land use changes in the Meuse basin is too small to be detected given the uncertainties in the available records.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Sustainable Land Use Management by Nature-Based Solution (NbS) in the Common Agricultural Policy Actions: A Case Study on the Foglia River Basin (Marche Region, Italy)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Elisa Morri ◽  
Riccardo Santolini
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Human Wellbeing

Agricultural land is a very important ecosystem that provides a range of services like food, maintenance of soil structure, and hydrological services with high ecological value to human wellbeing Ecosystem Services (ESs). Understanding the contribution of different agricultural practices to supply ESs would help inform choices about the most beneficial land use management. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are defined by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) as actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems, which address societal challenges (e.g., climate change, food and water security, or natural disasters) effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human wellbeing and biodiversity benefits. Some actions farmers can implement in the new Rural Development Programs (RDP 2021–2022 and 2023–2027) can be considered as NbS and could affect the quantity, quality, and time of some ESs related to water regulation and supply, N adsorption and erosion protection. This study aims to evaluate these ESs in different scenarios in the upper Foglia river basin (Italy) and at a local scale (farming), and to highlight the issue to compensate farmers for the production of public goods which benefit the whole society (ESs) by the implementation of RDP’s actions. These scenarios highlight how actions have positive effects on ecosystem services and their economic value related to land use management, on maintaining agricultural practices by integrating Water Frame Directive (2000/60/EC), Directive 2007/60/EC on the management of flood risks and highlighting the potential role of farmers in a high diversity landscape. This study highlights a new way to evaluate the processes of natural capital in the production of public goods, which benefits the whole society (ESs), by emphasizing the economic and environmental role of farmers in producing them and putting on the table data to trigger a PES (Payment for Ecosystem Services) mechanism. To facilitate decision making, robust decision support tools are needed, underpinned by comprehensive cost-benefit analyses and spatially modeling in which agriculture can be a strategic sector to optimize food production and environmental protection in harmony with the Farm to Fork (F2F) strategy.

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