Grasses seed storage under genbank conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Zadorozhna ◽  
M.V. Herasimov ◽  
T.P. Shyianova
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Fodder Grasses

The seed viability of 86 acessions of fodder grasses: awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Timothy grass (Phleum pretense L.), crested wheat grass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), clustered wheat grass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. et Scult.f.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.), red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), gigantea fescue (Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.), blue fescue (Festuca inarmata Schur. (Festuca amethystina (Hack. ex Boiss.) St.-Yves)), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), tall oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. S. et K. B. Presl.), slender wheat grass (Roеgneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski), creeping bent grass (Agrostis alba L.), redtop (Agrostis gigantea Roth.), which were stored under controlled temperature and moisture content 3 – 6 % was investigated. It has been determined that the seeds of these species have different longevity at different storage temperatures under the genebank conditions. Phleum pretense, Phleum pretense, Agropyron cristatum, Lolium multiflorum Festuca rubra seed viability was without changing after storage at temperature 4oC for 10 years and longer. The best seed longevity of grasses were achieved when the seeds are kept at –20oC. Accessions features of different grasses species seed storage are discussed.

Response of Monocotyledons to BAS 9052 OH

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Hosaka ◽  
Hideo Inaba ◽  
Hisao Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Poa Trivialis

Postemergence applications of BAS 9052 OH, {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, at 0.25 and 0.5 kg ai/ha were made to 27 temperate and 28 tropical species ofGramineae. Annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL. ♯3POAAN) and rattail fescue (Festuca myurosL. ♯ VLPMY) were resistant to these rates of BAS 9052 OH. Five species of fescue and three species of bluegrass received postemergence applications of BAS 9052 OH at rates of 0.1 to 6.4 kg ai/ha. The germination of seeds and the subsequent growth of the seedlings of these species as influenced by various concentrations of BAS 9052 OH were also studied. Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensisHuds. ♯ FESPR), tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ♯ FESAR), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL. ♯ POAPR), and rough-stalked meadowgrass (Poa trivialisL. ♯ POATR) were most susceptible; annual bluegrass was somewhat less resistant; hard fescue (Festuca longifoliaThuill) was resistant; red fescue (Festuca rubraL. ♯ FESRU) and rattail fescue were very resistant.

scholarly journals Effect of seed storage on seed germination and seedling quality of Festulolium in comparison with related forage grasses

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Rade Stanisavljevic ◽  
Dobrivoj Poštić ◽  
Ratibor Štrbanović ◽  
Marijenka Tabaković ◽  
Snežana Jovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Artificial Seed ◽  
Seed Ageing

Tests of seed germination, seed dormancy and seedling growth were performed on 0-, 6-, 20- and 30-months-old seed lots of Festulolium in comparison with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis). Tests were performed on seeds harvested in 2 different years (2014 and 2015) resulting in no major difference between the years. Seed storage affected seed viability and dormancy and seedling growth in all 3 grasses. The maximum germination of Festulolium seeds was achieved 6 months after harvest (95% normal seedlings); germination decreased significantly thereafter. While maximum germination of L. multiflorum and F. pratensis seeds was also achieved following storage for 6 months, these germination rates (93 and 90%, respectively) were retained until at least 20 months in storage. After storage for 30 months, seed germination of Festulolium, L. multiflorum and F. pratensis had declined to 72, 79 and 83%, respectively. High germination in all species was associated with higher rates of seedling growth. In an artificial seed ageing test, a temperature of 41 °C (during 48 and 72 hours) was found to effectively rank seed lots for germination performance in all 3 grasses. This test seems to have application for use in the seed trade to identify seed lots which could deteriorate more rapidly in storage. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.

Evaluation of mineral fertilizer effects in a long-term experiment on a planted sward

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Kádár
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Egy műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet 32. évében, 2005-ben vizsgáltuk az eltérő N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis) vezérnövényű, nyolckomponensű, pillangós nélküli gyepkeverék termésére, fejlődésére és elemtartalmára. A termőhely mészlepedékes csernozjom talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 3–5% CaCO3-ot és 20–22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minősült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést×2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A vizsgált 2005. évben azonban kielégítő mennyiségű (649 mm) csapadék hullott és annak eloszlása is kedvező volt. A gyep telepítése spenót elővetemény után 2000. szeptember 20-án történt gabona sortávra 60 kg·ha–1 vetőmaggal, amelynek 25%-át (15 kg) a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis); 21–21%-át (12,6 kg) a nádképű csenkesz (Festuca arundinacea) és az angol perje (Lolium perenne); 9%-át (5,4 kg) a taréjos búzafű (Agropyron cristatum), valamint 6–6%-át (3,6 kg) a vörös csenkesz (Festuca rubra), a réti komócsin (Phleum pratense), a zöld pántlikafű (Phalaris arundinacea) és a csomós ebír (Dactylis glomerata) tette ki. Főbb eredményeink: – A meghatározó N-trágyázás nyomán a szénatermés 5-szörösére emelkedett a két kaszálással a N-kontrollhoz viszonyítva. A maximális 10 t·ha–1 körüli légszáraz szénahozamokat a 300 kg N·ha–1·év–1 N-adag, valamint a 150 mg·kg–1 körüli AL-P2O5-, illetve 150 mg·kg–1 feletti AL-K2O-tartalom biztosította. Növénydiagnosztikai szempontból a nagy terméshez kötődő optimális elemtartalom 2% körüli N- és K-, illetve 0,2–0,3% P-koncentráció volt a szénában. – A két kaszálással felvett minimum (a 2 t·ha–1 körüli szénatermést adó N-kontroll) és maximum (a 10 t·ha–1 körüli szénahozamú, nitrogénnel és PK-vel jól ellátott talajok) elemmennyiségek a következőképpen alakultak: N 21–196 kg, K 39–188 kg, Ca 9–48 kg, Mg 4–22 kg, P 6–21 kg. – Az N×P és N×K kölcsönhatások kifejezettebbé váltak a 2. kaszálás idején. A P 0,18–0,55%, a NO3-N 86–1582 mg·kg–1, a Cu 4,7–7,4 mg·kg–1, a Mo 0,7–4,1 mg·kg–1 extrém értékeket jelzett az N×P kezelések függvényében. Az N×K kezelésekben a K 1,44–2,73%, a Mg 0,26–0,39%, a Na 71–2178 mg·kg–1, a Ba 4,1–9,6 mg·kg–1, a Cd 15–44 µg·kg–1 szélsőértékekkel volt jellemezhető. A Sr a 10–26 mg·kg–1 koncentrációtartományban módosult a P×K-ellátottság nyomán. Élettani, takarmányozástani szempontból az indukált kölcsönhatások nyomon követése elengedhetetlen, amennyiben olyan mérvű tápelemhiányok, illetve aránytalanságok jöhetnek létre, melyek anyagcserezavarokat okozhatnak a növényt fogyasztó állatban.

COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

PERFORMANCE OF FOUR IRRIGATED PASTURE MIXTURES UNDER GRAZING BY SHEEP

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wilson ◽  
R. D. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Moderate Yield

Four herbage mixtures with two levels of fertilizer application were compared for 6 consecutive years under grazing by sheep. The most satisfactory mixture with respect to yield, persistence, and stability was one of orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L., smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leys., creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., and ladino clover, Trifolium repens L. The same mixture of grasses without clover was lower yielding even with annual applications of 78 pounds of nitrogen and 48 pounds of P2O5 per acre. A mixture of orchardgrass, tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea L., and alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. yielded well, and combated weed encroachment but the alfalfa did not persist beyond the third year. Tall fescue was very aggressive in this mixture. A mixture of orchardgrass and ladino clover yielded well for a few years but became badly infested with weeds as the orchardgrass was reduced through winter killing. Moderate yield increases were obtained from phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer applications on all mixtures.

scholarly journals Selectivity mechanisms of sethoxydim between red fescue (Festuca rubra) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea).

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Hideo HOSAKA ◽  
Hideo INABA ◽  
Atsushi SATOH ◽  
Tohru TANOUE
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue

Herbage production and tiller density in five related grasses, their hybrids and mixtures

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
Y. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYFour grass species, three hybrids and three mixtures were grown in field swards near Aberystwyth. All swards were amply supplied with nutrients and were cut at 5-week intervals during the year of sowing (1989) and during the following 4 years. The order of the grasses in rate of establishment was: Westerwolds ryegrass > Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) > Italian ryegrass × perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass × meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) > perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) > tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). During the sowing year as a whole, Italian ryegrass was the highest yielding grass, followed by Westerwolds ryegrass. During the remaining period (1990–93), as a whole, the highest yields were obtained from perennial ryegrass sown alone or in a mixture with tall fescue. Tall fescue sown alone was one of the lowest yielding grasses in the year of sowing, but developed to be the highest yielding in 1992 and 1993. Westerwolds ryegrass persisted least well, although some plants did survive until 1992. Italian ryegrass persisted better than Westerwolds and Italian ryegrass × meadow fescue persisted better than Italian ryegrass. Hybrid ryegrass and perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue persisted satisfactorily but with fewer tillers/m2 than perennial ryegrass or tall fescue. The yield of tall fescue in March was as high as that of Italian ryegrass in 1990 and 1991 and higher than that of any of the other grasses in 1992 and 1993; the tiller density of tall fescue was particularly high in March. The yield of mixtures (Italian ryegrass with perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass with tall fescue and perennial ryegrass with tall fescue) was, on average, 2·5% more than the mean of the component species when sown alone. When grown with ryegrass, tall fescue was not prominent initially but its proportion in the sward gradually increased.

EFFECTS OF CLIPPING AND NITROGEN ON COMPETITION BETWEEN THREE PASTURE SPECIES

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wilson ◽  
W. S. MoGuire
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

In three herbage mixtures comprised of different combinations of orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L., creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., and common white clover, Trifolium repens L., highest yields of the grasses were obtained when 1) harvesting was delayed until only 2 per cent of the incident light near mid-day penetrated to the base of the sward rather than at 10 per cent penetration, 2) a 2-inch rather than a 4-inch stubble was left after cutting, and 3) nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The same cutting treatments gave maximum yields of the associated clover without nitrogen fertilization, but when nitrogen was applied higher clover yields were obtained when cutting was at 10 per cent light penetration. Yields of the two grasses were approximately the same when grown with clover only, but in the two-grass association orchardgrass held the fescue to a low proportion in the mixture.Results did not support the concept of maintaining a specified minimum leaf area index (LAI) for maximum yield of the herbage mixture.

Morphology and position of the shoot apex in some temperate grasses

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
P. J. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Large Length ◽  
Below Ground

SUMMARYThe morphology and position of the shoot apex in field swards was studied in 12 grasses for 12 months, in eight related grasses in 2 years, and in seedlings, young tillers and older tillers of Lolium perenne.Lolium multiflorum had relatively large numbers of primordia, long apices, which were above ground or near ground level, and a small length of apex per primordium. Festuca arundinacea had few primordia, a large length of apex per primordium, and apices which were well below ground or near ground level. Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis and Lolium × Festuca hybrids were intermediate between Lolium multiflorum and Festuca arundinacea in numbers of primordia and length of apex per primordium. Festuca rubra and Dactylis glomerata had rather small numbers of primordia, whereas Phleum pratense had relatively large numbers of primordia and of unemerged and emerged leaves.The numbers of leaf primordia in Lolium perenne increased as the seedling main shoots or the tillers grew older, while the numbers of unemerged leaves per shoot remained more constant.The morphology, position and protection of shoot apices are discussed in relation to differences between species in rate of establishment and persistence.

IN VIVO UTILIZATION OF WILTED GRASS SILAGES PREPARED IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES OF CANADA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
P. NARASIMHALU ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Voluntary intakes and apparent digestibilities of wilted grass silages produced under humid climatic conditions of the Maritime Provinces of Canada were determined from feeding trials with wether lambs during two 24-day periods. The silages included seeding year Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Lemtal’), and first-cut perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L. ’Norlea’), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds. ’Trader’), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. ’Tardus’), and quack-grass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.). Second-cut quackgrass was also included. Dry matter and digestibile energy intakes were not different among the first-cut silages (58.8–65.7 g and 746–848 KJ/kg.75BW, respectively) but were higher (P < 0.05) in comparison to the intakes of the nutrients contained in the second-cut quackgrass silage (49.6 g and 467 KJ/kg.75BW). The two-stage in vitro dry matter disappearance, but not the acid-pepsin solubility determinations on the silage samples dried at 55 °C, were closely correlated with the intakes of silage dry matter (r = 0.90, P < 0.05) and digestible energy (r = 0.98, P < 0.01), and with the apparent digestibilities of these respective nutrients (r = 0.92 and 0.96, P < 0.01). Silage content of acid detergent fiber, in comparison with in vitro dry matter disappearance, was less closely correlated with the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (r = −0.82, P < 0.05) and digestible energy (r = -0.75, P < 0.10).

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