IN VIVO UTILIZATION OF WILTED GRASS SILAGES PREPARED IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES OF CANADA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
P. NARASIMHALU ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Voluntary intakes and apparent digestibilities of wilted grass silages produced under humid climatic conditions of the Maritime Provinces of Canada were determined from feeding trials with wether lambs during two 24-day periods. The silages included seeding year Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Lemtal’), and first-cut perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L. ’Norlea’), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds. ’Trader’), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. ’Tardus’), and quack-grass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.). Second-cut quackgrass was also included. Dry matter and digestibile energy intakes were not different among the first-cut silages (58.8–65.7 g and 746–848 KJ/kg.75BW, respectively) but were higher (P < 0.05) in comparison to the intakes of the nutrients contained in the second-cut quackgrass silage (49.6 g and 467 KJ/kg.75BW). The two-stage in vitro dry matter disappearance, but not the acid-pepsin solubility determinations on the silage samples dried at 55 °C, were closely correlated with the intakes of silage dry matter (r = 0.90, P < 0.05) and digestible energy (r = 0.98, P < 0.01), and with the apparent digestibilities of these respective nutrients (r = 0.92 and 0.96, P < 0.01). Silage content of acid detergent fiber, in comparison with in vitro dry matter disappearance, was less closely correlated with the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (r = −0.82, P < 0.05) and digestible energy (r = -0.75, P < 0.10).

Prediction of Digestibility and Intake of Sheep Fed Leguminosae or GRAMINAE Hays: Comparison Between the in Vitro Digestibility, Kinetics of Gas Production or Dry Matter Degradation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
M.T. Dentinho ◽  
K. Khazaal ◽  
J.M. Ribeiro ◽  
E.R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Kinetics Of

By using separated values of kinetics of in situ dry matter (DM) degradation or in vitro gas production (Menke and Steingass, 1988) of leguminosae hays, Khazaal et al, (1993) reported high correlation with intake (r= 0.88; r= 0.79) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) (r= 0.94; r= 0.88). The aim of the present study was to extend the range of samples used and compare the ability of the 2 stages in vitro digestibility (Tilley and Terry, 1963), the in situ DM degradation or the gas production techniques to predict daily intake (g DM/ kgW0.75) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) of 19 leguminous and graminaceous hays fed to sheep.Three harvesting stages (early bloom EB, mid bloom MB or in seed IS) made from lucerne (Medicago sativa), sweet clover (Melilotus segetalis), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), Rye (Secale cereale), Triticale (Triticale hexaploid), oat (Avena stativa) and a pre-bloom (PB) Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ). Each hay was fed ad libitum to 4 Merino male sheep and their intake and in vivo DMD recorded. Gas production (ml/ 200 mg DM) or in situ DM degradation (g/ 100 g DM) were determined as described by Khazaal et al, (1993) after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 or 96 h incubation. Measured gas production or DM degradation values were fitted to the equation p=a+b(l-e-ct)(McDonald, 1981) where p is gas production or DM degradation at time t and a, b and c are constants. For nylon bag the washing loss (soluble fraction) was defined as A, the insoluble but fermentable matter was defined as B=(a+b)-A, and c is the rate of fermentation or degradation (Ørskov and Ryle, 1990).

PREDICTION OF DIGESTIBLE ENERGY INTAKE BY SHEEP OF DIETS CONTAINING GROUND ROUGHAGE AND GRAIN

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Digestible Energy

Digestibility and intake of diets containing 8, 28, 48 or 68% ground wheat straw plus ground crested wheatgrass and rapeseed meal, and diets containing 33, 48, 63 and 78% ground crested wheatgrass plus barley and rapeseed meal was measured with four yearling wethers per diet. Digestible energy (DE) content ranged from 2.07 to 2.95 kcal/g dry matter (DM) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) (%) from 48.7 to 71.1%. Regression of DE intake y (kcal/w0.75kg/d) on DE content (x) was curvilinear; y = −2,133 + 1,626x − 277.9x2, r = 0.996, P < 0.01, SE = ± 7.3. There was also a curvilinear relationship between diet density, as fed, (x) g (DM)/ml and DMD (%), y = 9.057 + 364.1x − 530.0x2, r = 0.970, P < 0.01, SE = ± 2.4. A linear regression equation was calculated over the DE range (2.07–2.52) for which there was an obvious increase in DE intake with increasing diet DE content; y = −700.6 + 361x, r = 0.994, P < 0.01, SE = ± 9.4, y = DE intake (kcal/w0.75kg/d), x = DE [kcal/g (DM)]. Using this regression equation and assuming a linear increase in DE intake with increase in diet DE content up to a point at which the apparent energy demand of the animal is satisfied gave a more accurate prediction of DE intake than when the curvilinear regression equation, y = −2,133 + 1,626x − 277.9x2, was used empirically. Accuracy of the prediction was further improved by expressing DE/unit ration volume instead of per unit DM. The sheep used in the present experiments had an apparent energy demand of 230 kcal/w0.75kg/day which was met at diet DE contents above 0.48 kcal/ml or 2.6 kcal/g (DM). There was a high correlation between in vivo DE content of the diet, y [kcal/g (DM)] and in vitro (x) digestible organic matter content, x, (%), r = 0.991, P < 0.01, y = 0.38 + 0.037x, SE = ± 0.04.

Prediction of digestibility and intake of sheep fed different quality hays from the kinetics of gas production or dry matter degradation

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
M.T. Dentinho ◽  
K. Khazaal ◽  
J.M. Ribeiro ◽  
E.R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Male Sheep

Without chemical analysis, Blummel and Ørskov (1992) adapted the in vitro gas test (Menke and Steingass, 1988) and used the exponential equation p=a+b (l-e-ct) to describe the kinetics of fermentation of 10 straws. They reported high correlation with animal performance. The aim of the present study was to adopt a similar approach and assess the gas test in comparison with nylon bag for the prediction of intake or DM digestibility of 10 different quality hays.Ten hays consisting of 3 harvesting stages of lucerne (Medicago sativa), sweet clover (Melilotus segetalis), persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) and Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum). Each hay was fed ad libitum to 4 Merino male sheep and their intake (g dry matter (DM)/day/KgW0.75) and in vivo DMD were recorded.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Enhancement of Adipogenesis by Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in 3T3-L1 Cells and Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e85297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariadhas Valan Arasu ◽  
Soundharrajan Ilavenil ◽  
Da Hye Kim ◽  
Sang Gun Roh ◽  
Jeong-Chae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass

Economics of backgrounding calves on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pastures in the Aspen Parkland

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost

Annual ryegrass or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) can be used to improve pasture productivity through extension of the grazing season in the Aspen parkland of western Canada. A study conducted at Agriculture and Agri Food Canada Melfort, SK. and Lacombe, AB, showed that weaned calves could successfully graze Italian ryegrass late into the fall as part of the overall backgrounding system. Spring-seeded annual Italian ryegrass produced between 4300 and 6700 kg total dry matter per hectare across all sites and had an average crude protein content of 184 g kg-1 and in vitro DM digestibility of 640 g kg-1. Spring calves were early weaned in late August or conventionally weaned in October and backgrounded on Italian ryegrass pasture or a silage-based ration in drylot pens. The cost of growing Italian ryegrass was $339 ha-1 resulting in a grazing cost per day of $0.31–$0.68 depending upon the number of grazing days per ha. There were no differences in performance of animals backgrounded on Italian ryegrass pasture compared with those backgrounded in the feedlot. The total cost per head for backgrounding early-weaned calves on Italian ryegrass and finished in a feedlot was $398 compared with $429 for early-weaned calves backgrounded and finished in a feedlot, while conventionally weaned calves backgrounded and finished in a feedlot cost $418. Backgrounding calves on Italian ryegrass pasture reduced the number of days in the feedlot along with the associated cost of yardage and stored feed. Backgrounding calves in a feedlot had a yardage charge of $0.40 or higher, which added a cost in addition to stored feed costs of the ration. Backgrounding calves on extended season grazing of Italian ryegrass reduced health problems due to elimination of mixing animals in feedlot pens, less need for stored feed including storage and feeding losses and less labour to feed the cattle and haul manure in the spring. Backgrounding calves on high-quality fall pasture was more economical than backgrounding in a feedlot system. Key words: Background, steer, pasture, economics

EFFECTS OF RATES OF N AND REGROWTH INTERVALS ON YIELDS AND QUALITY OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS GROWN AS A SUMMER ANNUAL

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Suitable System

Italian ryegrass (IRG) (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Lemtal) was grown on a sandy loam and/or on a fine sandy loam in 1974, 1975, and 1976. IRG was fertilized three times each year with 40, 80, or 120 kg N/ha/application and harvested at 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-wk intervals starting in July. Dry matter (DM) yield increased with the rate of applied N. Four-week harvest intervals generally resulted in the greatest DM yields ranging from 4.32 to 7.11 t/ha. Droughty conditions in 1975 reduced the growth and resulted in small DM yields particularly on sandy loam. The mean total N concentrations of IRG ranged from 2.40 to 3.68% and was approximately proportional to applied N. Longer regrowth intervals decreased total N concentrations by. 12–.56% units per week. Applied N did not influence the in vitro disappearance of DM (IVDDM), whereas longer regrowth intervals reduced IVDDM in 1975. The harvest system with a 4-wk regrowth interval and 80 kg N/ha/apphcation resulted in satisfactory DM, N, and digestible DM yields and appeared to be a suitable system for IRG grown as a summer annual.

The development of a Lolium multiflorum cultivar with a low moisture content and an increased readily digestible energy to protein ratio

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Marais ◽  
D. C. W. Goodenough ◽  
M. de Figueiredo ◽  
C. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

A breeding program was conducted to improve the forage quality of Lolium multiflorum. Fifteen cultivars grown in spaced-plant trials were subjected to selection for a low moisture and a high non-structural carbohydrate content. Results showed consistent positive correlations between non-structural carbohydrate content, dry matter content, and digestibility in vitro of the grass. In a small plot trial comparing F6 plants (Selection 121) with 11 commercial L. multiflorum cultivars, Selection 121 gave the second-highest dry matter yield (difference not significant, P > 0.05) of the cultivars tested. The dry matter content of Selection 121 was significantly higher and the acid detergent fibre content significantly lower than that of the commercial cultivars. Furthermore, the total non-structural carbohydrate content was significantly higher and the nitrogen content significantly lower than that of the other L. multiflorum cultivars, giving Selection 121 nutritionally a much more favourable readily digestible energy to protein ratio than the commercial cultivars. Selection 121 was subsequently named 'NCD Enhancer' and is inscribed on the South African Variety List.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRIENT COMPOSITION ON THE VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FIRST- AND SECOND-CUT GRASS HAYS PREPARED IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NARASIMHALU ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Wall Components

Hays prepared in Prince Edward Island from the primary growths of Rise reed canarygrass, Tardus orchardgrass, Saratoga bromegrass, Itasca timothy, and Trader meadow fescue cut in mid- to late June, and from their regrowths cut 7–8 wk later, were studied for the interrelationships among cell wall components, in vitro dry matter disappearance values, and in vivo determined values of voluntary intake of digestible energy (DEI) and apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD). The in vivo values for each hay were measured on four wether lambs during a 24-day feeding trial. Simple correlation coefficients were calculated among neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fibers (ADF), lignification (= log10 (lignin/ADF)), two-stage in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), acid-pepsin solubility (APDMD), DEI, and DMD. The content of NDF was not correlated with either DEI or DMD value for the first-cut and second-cut hays (P > 0.10). First-cut hays showed correlations between lignification and DMD (r = −0.88, P < 0.05) and between APDMD and DEI (r = 0.87, P < 0.10). Second-cut hays indicated the following correlations: ADF with DMD (r = −0.98, P < 0.01), and IVDMD with both DMD (r = 0.97, P < 0.01) and DEI (r = 0.95, P < 0.05). Lignification showed promise as a predictor of DMD and APDMD could predict DEI for the first-cut hays prepared in this region. In the case of second-cut hays, the ADF or IVDMD could predict DMD, whereas APDMD or IVDMD may prove useful in predicting the DEI value of local hays.

scholarly journals DIGESTIBLE ENERGY IN FORAGE BYIN VIVOANDIN VITROASSAYS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. TROELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Forage of six pure species was harvested for hay at several maturity stages during four years. The digestible energy content of 102 different lots of hay was determined by feeding to four groups of sheep during the same period, and by in vitro digestions and energy analysis of the undigested residues. The relationship between digestible energy content assayed by the two methods was highly significant (r = 0.85) and did not differ between years and species. Exclusion from regression of the hays containing less than 2 or more than 3 digestible kcal/g revealed that the in vitro assay could reproduce the in vivo digestible energy value with a standard deviation of 0.31 in over 70% of the hays. This represented the maturity and quality range of forage commonly fed to cattle and sheep. The in vitro assay therefore appeared promising for commercial quality determinations.

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