scholarly journals Understanding Socially Aware Robot Navigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Jot Singh ◽  
◽  
Divneet Singh Kapoor ◽  
Balwinder Singh Sohi ◽  
◽  
...  

Navigation is an essential skill for autonomous robots and it becomes a cumbersome task in human populated environments. Robots need to perform the tasks without disturbing the humans around them and ensure comfort and safety of humans as well. It is further influenced by various factors like social norms, geometry of environment and surrounding people. It is essential to comprehend three components i.e. Social Conventions (SC), Human Motion (HM) and Context Aware Mapping (CAM) for establishing effective socially aware robot navigation (SARN). This article discusses these different aspects of these components which should be taken into consideration while designing an efficient and optimal SARN. Further, it reports recent experiments conducted by different institutes pertaining to these components.

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Mackie

Abstract:The scholarly discourse on social norms in the tradition of Thomas Schelling (1960) often makes a sharp distinction between social norms and social conventions. In attempting to apply that distinction to actual practices and to teach it to practitioners and students I encountered frequent difficulties and confusions, and finally concluded that it is untenable. I recommend a return to some version of Ullman-Margalit’s (1977) distinction between social norms of cooperation and social norms of coordination. Social norms, I say, are distinguished by beliefs in a relevant group that the rule is typical among them and approved of among them. I describe four ways that social norms of coordination, including conventions of social meaning, are influenced by social approval and disapproval. I contend that the effort by Southwood and Eriksson (2011) to show that social conventions and social norms are essentially different breaks down because their conception of social norms is overly moralized. I present a more social conception of social norms that does without the regnant distinction between “social norm” and “social convention” and instead allows for social norms of cooperation, social norms of coordination, and other kinds of social norms.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Ravankar ◽  
Ankit A. Ravankar ◽  
Arpit Rawankar ◽  
Yohei Hoshino

In recent years, autonomous robots have extensively been used to automate several vineyard tasks. Autonomous navigation is an indispensable component of such field robots. Autonomous and safe navigation has been well studied in indoor environments and many algorithms have been proposed. However, unlike structured indoor environments, vineyards pose special challenges for robot navigation. Particularly, safe robot navigation is crucial to avoid damaging the grapes. In this regard, we propose an algorithm that enables autonomous and safe robot navigation in vineyards. The proposed algorithm relies on data from a Lidar sensor and does not require a GPS. In addition, the proposed algorithm can avoid dynamic obstacles in the vineyard while smoothing the robot’s trajectories. The curvature of the trajectories can be controlled, keeping a safe distance from both the crop and the dynamic obstacles. We have tested the algorithm in both a simulation and with robots in an actual vineyard. The results show that the robot can safely navigate the lanes of the vineyard and smoothly avoid dynamic obstacles such as moving people without abruptly stopping or executing sharp turns. The algorithm performs in real-time and can easily be integrated into robots deployed in vineyards.


Author(s):  
Sir John Dermot Turing

My uncle, Alan Turing, was not a well-dressed man. It is a tribute to those who employed him that he was able to flourish in environments that ignored his refusal to comply with social norms as much as he disregarded mindless social conventions. Social conventions, however, became an increasingly powerful influence over his life. Here I retell the story from the family perspective. There is an old photograph in the family album that shows Alan in his last years at Sherborne (Fig. 2.1). It was taken in June 1930—a few months after his friend Christopher Morcom’s death—and Alan looks relaxed and happy. But his trousers are a complete disgrace. It is not clear who took the picture, but the timing suggests that it was done at Commemoration, the annual festival at Sherborne to which parents and dignitaries are invited, and where boys, particularly senior boys, should be smartly turned-out. Ordinarily, Alan’s mother (my grandmother) would have intervened and spruced him up. But given that Alan was, like other boarding-school boys, responsible for his own clothes, she probably had no control over him any more, if indeed she ever had done. My grandmother had had little direct control over Alan during his formative years. My grandfather was serving the Empire in India, and she, as a good memsahib, was expected to be with him to run his household. (From the distance of a century or so, this seems a waste of talent, for my grandmother had a formidable intellect as well as many other gifts, and in a later age would probably have become a scientist of distinction.) So Alan was deposited in England with foster parents in St Leonards-on-Sea, and at nine years of age was sent off to a prep school called Hazelhurst, near Frant in Sussex. School seems to have been a reasonably good experience for him—at least in his first term. There was the incident of the geography test. At that time my father, being four years older than Alan, was in the top form while Alan was in the bottom one. The whole school was made to do a geography test. Turing 1 (my father) got 59 marks and Turing 2 (Alan) got 77; my father considered this a thoroughly bad show.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-721
Author(s):  
Hope Rogers

Critics of Miss Marjoribanks are divided about whether Margaret Oliphant's eponymous heroine's performance of social conventions, particularly those pertaining to gender roles, is consciously subversive or an unreflective embodiment of those conventions. This scholarship implicitly equates agency with critical detachment: if Lucilla does not critique the conventions she uses and the constructions of gender they reflect, she must lack the capacity to think strategically about her desires, a capacity necessary for agency. It's true that Lucilla is neither critical nor detached. Oliphant characterizes her as fully invested in social norms and as lacking the psychological depth that typically marks agential characters. In fact, I argue that Lucilla is a flat character and that Lucilla's flatness is precisely what makes her excel as an agent. Lucilla's nigh-emotionless thinking, combined with her ruling qualities of good sense and self-satisfaction, promotes agency. Untrammeled by mixed feelings or self-doubt, she has nothing to do but rationally calculate how best to achieve her interests. Reconsidering Lucilla's agency in light of her flatness thus allows us both to value that agency as Oliphant portrays it and to understand how characters can have agency at all.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (16)) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Grigor Ghazaryan

The study of language through sign systems that represent “by-products” or substitutes of language as a means of communication is a direction in linguistics that adds to the knowledge about the productivity and language-generating potential of natural languages. Nonverbal language which boasts a plethora of wordless cues through which people communicate, includes postures, gestures, stances, and movements, all of which can be analyzed and explained through the use of the instruments of a semiotic methodology. For instance, the study of signs through the rituals, conventions and overall nonverbal interactions in the diaculture of modern Japanese martial arts, reveals interesting characteristics of the sign language used particularly in Kenjutsu and Aikido. The mentioned martial arts make wide use of nonverbal cues that are characterized by features of indexicality, iconicity and symbolicity, and echo concrete social norms and conventions. Those social conventions are materialized and translated into the setting of trainings through philosophical concepts and ideas.


Author(s):  
Frederik Haarslev ◽  
William Juel ◽  
Avgi Kollakidou ◽  
Norbert Krüger ◽  
Leon Bodenhagen

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh

Abbreviation, as an old phenomenon in linguistics, is an inherent part of the technical texts and daily communications and as time goes on, making and using abbreviations is rapidly growing. The widespread usage of abbreviations has brought these linguistic formations into the field of translation. The present study aims to investigate differences in translation strategies of abbreviation when they appear in texts produced in different discourses and genres that need to be translated following social norms and conventions of the target language. To analyze abbreviations, their linguistic structures have been thoroughly discussed and they were analyzed according to the taxonomy proposed by Mattiello (2013). Fairclough`s (1995) model of CDA has been adopted to show that translation, as it deals with language, is a social practice and social conventions and norms govern the translation strategies of abbreviations adopted by translators. In this regard, a corpus of 300 abbreviations was circulated. 150 abbreviations were collected from 5 translated books from English to Persian in the field of IR and their translation strategies were compared to 150 abbreviations that were translated in news texts concerning the same genre. The result indicated that while abbreviations in Persian scientific books were mostly borrowed, abbreviations in Persian news texts were translated by descriptive strategy. This implies that translation practice is inconsistent with the social norms and conventions of the target language society and it is the genre and discourse of the text that determines how a text must be translated.   


Author(s):  
Ning Gui ◽  
Vincenzo De Florio ◽  
Chris Blondia

Autonomous Robots normally perform tasks in unstructured environments, with little or no continuous human guidance. This calls for context-aware, self-adaptive software systems. This paper aims at providing a flexible adaptive middleware platform to seamlessly integrate multiple adaptation logics during the run-time. To support such an approach, a reconfigurable middleware system “ACCADA” was designed to provide compositional adaptation. During the run-time, context knowledge is used to select the most appropriate adaptation modules so as to compose an adaptive system best-matching the current exogenous and endogenous conditions. Together with a structure modeler, this allows robotic applications’ structure to be autonomously (re)-constructed and (re)-configured. This paper applies this model on a Lego NXT robot system. A remote NXT model is designed to wrap and expose native NXT devices into service components that can be managed during the run-time. A dynamic UI is implemented which can be changed and customized according to system conditions. Results show that the framework changes robot adaptation behavior during the run-time.


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