scholarly journals Translation of Abbreviations in International Relations (IR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Inherent Part

Abbreviation, as an old phenomenon in linguistics, is an inherent part of the technical texts and daily communications and as time goes on, making and using abbreviations is rapidly growing. The widespread usage of abbreviations has brought these linguistic formations into the field of translation. The present study aims to investigate differences in translation strategies of abbreviation when they appear in texts produced in different discourses and genres that need to be translated following social norms and conventions of the target language. To analyze abbreviations, their linguistic structures have been thoroughly discussed and they were analyzed according to the taxonomy proposed by Mattiello (2013). Fairclough`s (1995) model of CDA has been adopted to show that translation, as it deals with language, is a social practice and social conventions and norms govern the translation strategies of abbreviations adopted by translators. In this regard, a corpus of 300 abbreviations was circulated. 150 abbreviations were collected from 5 translated books from English to Persian in the field of IR and their translation strategies were compared to 150 abbreviations that were translated in news texts concerning the same genre. The result indicated that while abbreviations in Persian scientific books were mostly borrowed, abbreviations in Persian news texts were translated by descriptive strategy. This implies that translation practice is inconsistent with the social norms and conventions of the target language society and it is the genre and discourse of the text that determines how a text must be translated.   

scholarly journals TRANSLATING ECONOMICS TEXTBOOKS: A CASE STUDY OF EPISTEMICIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karnedi Karnedi
Keyword(s):  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Target Culture

As part of discourse in the social sciences, economics textbooks written in English in which knowledge has been transferred to other languages through translation have brought a certain impact on both the target language and the target culture. In terms of ideology, this article argues about the hegemonic status of the dominant language or culture that creates socalled epistemicide or the erosion of knowledge, partly due to translation strategies adopted by the translator. Investigation is done using the corpusbased approach, theories of translation strategies and the comparative model. The study reveals that the translator in the macro-level text adopts the ideology of foreignising strategy rather than domesticating strategy when translating an economics textbook from English into Indonesian. This is supported by the use of the number of the source language-orientated translation techniques leading to two translation methods (i.e. literal translation and faithful translation) adopted in the micro-level text. This research strongly supports another relevant study pertaining to the globalisation of knowledge through translation and also the translation theories of equivalence (i.e. overt and covert translation). The research findings also have some pedagogical implications on teaching English for Specific Purposes in higher education.

scholarly journals Slang Language Subtitle Strategy in the Movie Entitled “The Social Network”

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Lilik Istiqomah ◽  
Anisa Nur Rohimah ◽  
Azizah Widya Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Expressive Meaning

This paper focuses on the analysis of translation strategies of slang language as employed in the movie entitled “The Social Network”. This paper analyzes the translation strategies of the slang language from English into Indonesia from the movie entitled “The Social Network”. Baker’s translation strategies were used in this paper in order to analyze the data of this paper.  The study findings reveal that there are 30 slang words used in this movie, and the subtitler adopted five translation strategies by Baker for translating the slang words in this movie. The analysis also reveals that most of the slang words in the movie have related words with the target language. There are no English slang words that were translated into Indonesia slang words in the movie. The subtitler mostly used the strategies for translating the English slang words into Indonesian words that have a similar expressive meaning. It can be interpreted as a result of the different culture of both countries that makes different slang words.

Telling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie R. Bjork
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The Social

This chapter elucidates the ways Somalis tell and read clan in daily life. The social practice of telling helps legitimize clan affiliation and social boundaries of Somaliness (e.g., excluding Somali minorities from Somaliness). Telling opens up the potential for individuals to build clan-based social capital and exchange capital in its various forms. Social conventions of telling clan, particularly how these have changed since the early to mid-1990s, are explored as well as differences in clan competence. It is shown that while telling clan through markers such as language and dialect, cultivate affinity within clans, these same features can be used to form links across clans.

scholarly journals The Child Seen as the Same or the Other? The Significance of the Social Convention to the Pedagogical Relation

Paideusis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Tone Saevi ◽  
Heidi Husevaag
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pedagogical Relation

The aim of this article is to explore the lifeworld of children as they experience everyday conventional situations where proper behaviour is expected and to understand the significance of the social convention to the pedagogical relation between adult and child. Based on interviews with adults recalling pedagogical episodes of handshaking, waiting, and thanking someone, we describe and interpret narrative examples by the light of Continental phenomenological pedagogy. Including children in the traditions of a society by exposing them to situations where conventional behaviour and adherence to social norms are expected is an unavoidable ingredient of pedagogical practice. Adults often expect children to adapt to social conventions simply by being introduced to them, and at the same time as adults we are somehow prevented from seeing the meaning of the situation for the child by our grown-up-ness and the conventional quality of the situation. The socialization of children, including the transfer of conventionally proper behaviour from one generation to the next, introduces ethical and pedagogical dilemmas. We suggest that although social conventions of proper behaviour are desirable and important factors of socialization for the child, the social convention itself can be a pedagogical impasse that anticipates homogeneity and assimilation and renders difficult a pedagogically caring practice.

Social, Moral and Legal Rules, Biopolitics and the Covid-19 Crisis

Global Jurist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Garbarino
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Normative Constraints

Abstract The article relies on the social and legal perspective not only to better understand how norms are created and change through interactions among agents, but also to shed light on how norms are internalized in social practice. The article is organized as follows. Initially the article explores the basic assumption that deontic operators acquire their meaning via social conventions generating “personal rules” having a “mental content” which belongs to a wider “normative mind”, a mind that obviously encompasses all sorts of choices. The article then describes the different types of personal rules, distinguishing social, moral, and legal rules across the normative mind, focusing on social rules within institutions, conceived as sets of rules in equilibrium. The core of this study puts to the test the taxonomy of personal (social, moral, and legal) rules within the normative mind by exploring a situation of “dense normativity” addressed by a 2021 Lancet paper concerning findings about “tight–loose cultures” during the Covid-19 crisis, and, for the sake of explanation, focuses on one of the main normative constraints that epitomizes the challenge of the Covid-19 crisis to “tight–loose” cultures: the “wear-mask rule”. These observations can be extended to other normative constraints of that crisis, but in essence they parse the interplay between the different types of personal rules, which not only are social, but also moral and legal, drawing conclusions that complement the findings of the Lancet paper with some critical observations. The article critically concludes with remarks about the co-existence of different normative systems of personal rules in a context of biopolitics and suggests that individual morality appears to be the core of normativity to address collective threats such as those caused by the Covid-19 crisis.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Carey Seal
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Critical Practice ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Given

Seneca’s description of the social dimensions of philosophy, and his use of social background in clarifying and defending his conception of what philosophy is and can be, marks not a retreat from but rather a vindication and extension of the Socratic ideal of philosophy as a critical practice. Seneca does not simply encode social norms in philosophical language, but rather in his writings stages a subtle interplay between the two that shows both how philosophy necessarily takes its beginnings from an existing social world and how philosophy’s scrutiny of that world can yield challenging and unexpected conclusions. Seneca gives us a philosophy that is neither a complacent recapitulation of the given nor an arid abstraction decoupled from social practice, but rather a genuine art of living.

scholarly journals Freeride Skiing—Risk-Taking, Recognition, and Moral Boundaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Tøstesen ◽  
Tommy Langseth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Risk Recognition ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
Clear Link ◽  
Insight Into

Freeride skiing is an activity that is, or at least can be, quite dangerous. Risk-taking in high-risk sports has usually been understood within a psychological framework. Building on Pierre Bourdieu's sociology, this article highlights the social dimension of risk-taking in freeride skiing by scrutinizing values within a freeride culture. A central question in this article is: what kind of actions are given recognition and credibility in freeride skiing? The findings show that there is a clear link between risk-taking and credibility and that risk-taking might be seen as a form of capital. However, risk-taking's link to recognition is not straightforward—it is limited by the skiers' skill level. To further develop our understanding of the social dimension of risk-taking we use Michelle Lamont's theory of symbolic boundaries. By expanding the Bourdieusian understanding of social practice with Lamont's work, we gain insight into how risk-taking is socially regulated by social conventions within a subculture. This means that we in this article describe three social dimensions of risk-taking: (1) The link between risk-taking and recognition, (2) The limits of the risk-recognition nexus, and (3) The moral boundaries of risk-taking.

Conceptual Baggage of Empirical Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Christoph Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Moral Realism ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Normative Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Kantian Philosophy

This chapter argues that when philosophical theories of normativity miss the mark concerning the social practice of normativity, they thereby miss a side of the normative that is empirically accessible and can be recognized and described in time and space. In order to substantiate this claim, four models are examined so as to explicate how they relate to the question of social norms' empirical recognizability. The first concerns the rationalization of the normative through generalizability, as drawn from Kantian philosophy. Next, the chapter covers a model drawn from David Hume concerning the empiricization of the normative. Power, or the absorption of the normative, is next discussed. Finally, the chapter studies moral realism.

Good Reasons?

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Christoph Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Philosophical Debates

This chapter attempts to identify discursive commonalities in a critical manner. If categories from practical philosophy are of significance for understanding social norms and how these can be adequately described, then taking a look at the philosophical discourse provides an entry point. Of course, speaking of practical philosophy as such is somewhat limiting in light of the sheer breadth of such discourse, even more so in that philosophical debates are contentious not only in their solutions but in the very definition of problems. However, the chapter makes the attempt nevertheless. Its focus here is driven by the presumption that at least the identification of problems is not too vague an enterprise in contemporary practical philosophy, and that it indeed plays a decisive role for a theory of the normative. Möllers analyzes the deficits of philosophical concepts of normativity, focusing on theories that conceive of norms as reasons for action. He concludes that they fail to offer an adequate description of the social practice of the normative.

Being Agreeable

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-216
Author(s):  
Karen Stohr
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
The Social ◽  
Willingness To Help ◽  
Appropriate Responsiveness

This chapter focuses on the social practice of being agreeable. The practice consists in the appropriate acknowledgment of other people in social gatherings, appropriate responsiveness to their needs and claims, and an appropriately cheerful disposition. The social practice of presenting oneself as open to engagement with other people and willing to respond to their claims is important to the normative space that constitutes a good moral neighborhood. In that space, people are able to carry out their projects and live up to their various commitments. The practice of agreeableness reinforces our willingness to help each other with those projects and enables us to count on others in return. Like self-deprecation, the social practice of agreeableness has the potential to undermine moral neighborhoods, particularly when it is used to reinforce troubling social norms about gender and race.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document