scholarly journals Examine the optimal position of controls and display in computer numerical control machines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar K ◽  
◽  
T. Jishin Jayan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Optimum Range

In Engineering Industries suffering due to industrial wound and ill health, of the Computer Numerical Control machines operators are in the increasing trend, in the subjective analysis which we carried out for the CNC machine, the operators expressing the discomfort at the neck, upper back, lower back, shoulder, and arm because of working with the keys in the controls and viewing the display. The aim of this examination is to identify the most favourable location of control and display through various muscles that activate while performing in CNC machine operations. We introduce surface Electromyogram (EMG) to determine the muscle activity and deliberate on plane of the body close to respective muscles of an operator.The muscle activity measured for all the twenty subjects, at five different levels to find out the best optimal location for controls and display to establish the findings of the subjective study. Though there is no clear trend when all the subjects are aggregated, it is seen that 90 cm-100 cm be the optimum range for the midpoint of the control panel and 143cm-148 cm appears to be the optimum range for the midpoint of the display. Since changes in muscle activity are comparatively small for all the six muscles taken for study, however, the effect of cumulative activity borne over a shift, week, month, and year are to be considered. Muscle activity may increase in repetitive head/finger movements. These combined effects are to be captured for the ergonomic design of the CNC operator interface.

FPGA-Based Intelligent Software Hardening Chip for Computer Numerical Control System

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 2217-2220
Author(s):  
Mu Lan Wang ◽  
Jian Min Zuo ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Xing Hua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cnc System ◽  
Intelligent Software

In order to meet the development demands for high-speed and high-precision of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools, the equipped CNC systems begin to employ the technical route of software hardening. Making full use of the advanced performance of Large Scale Integrated Circuits (LSIC), this paper puts forward using Field Programmable Gates Array (FPGA) for the functional modules of CNC system, which is called Intelligent Software Hardening Chip (ISHC). The CNC system architecture with high performance is constructed based on the open system thought and ISHCs. The corresponding programs can be designed with Very high speed integrate circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and downloaded into the FPGA. These hardening modules, including the arithmetic module, contour interpolation module, position control module and so on, demonstrate that the proposed schemes are reasonable and feasibility.

Maintenance Strategy Optimization for Computer Numerical Control Machine Tools

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 1504-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lacramioara Ungureanu ◽  
Gheorghe Stan ◽  
Paul Alin Butunoi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Time Period ◽  
A Company

In this paper are proposed two new approaches to maintenance strategies for Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools. The analysis is done for different families of CNC machine tools from S.C. Elmet Bacau, a company specialized in aviation. In maintenance actions applied to CNC machine tools is very important to know the evolution of defects and critical state of electrical and mechanical components. The results of this analysis concludes that maintenance actions can be judged by the developing time period diagram, between failure appearance and interruptions in operation. It is also analyzed the financial impact, revealed from known maintenance strategies adopted on CNC machine tools, resulting in a positive approach of condition based maintenance.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Vision-Based Monitoring of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machine Tools for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungjung Kim ◽  
Woo-Kyun Jung ◽  
In-Gyu Choi ◽  
Sung-Hoon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Smart Factory ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Machine

In the new era of manufacturing with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the smart factory is getting much attention as a solution for the factory of the future. Despite challenges in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), such as short-term strategies and labor-intensive with limited resources, they have to improve productivity and stay competitive by adopting smart factory technologies. This study presents a novel monitoring approach for SMEs, KEM (keep an eye on your machine), and using a low-cost vision, such as a webcam and open-source technologies. Mainly, this idea focuses on collecting and processing operational data using cheaper and easy-to-use components. A prototype was tested with the typical 3-axis computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine. From the evaluation, availability of using a low-cost webcam and open-source technologies for monitoring of machine tools was confirmed. The results revealed that the proposed system is easy to integrate and can be conveniently applied to legacy machine tools on the shop floor without a significant change of equipment and cost barrier, which is less than $500 USD. These benefits could lead to a change of monitoring operations to reduce time in operation, energy consumption, and environmental impact for the sustainable production of SMEs.

scholarly journals A genetic algorithm-based parameter-tuning algorithm for multi-dimensional motion control of a computer numerical control machine tool

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
L-Y Kuo ◽  
J-Y Yen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Parameter Tuning ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Control Machine Tool ◽  
Machine Centre ◽  
Cross Axis

This paper addresses an automatic parameter-tuning algorithm for the multi-axis motion control of a computer numerical control (CNC) machine centre. The traditional approach to tune the control parameters in the multi-axis machines is to tune each axis independently. Some high-end-precision machines offer cross-axis motion parameters for impedance compensation but this is usually not satisfactory for practical purpose. Because each axis on the machine centre contributes to more than one working plane, obtaining the optimal performance for motions involving more than one plane often results in axis coupling. This paper introduces a systematic method to tune the servo parameters for multi-axis motion control. The tuning algorithm is based upon an intelligent genetic algorithm (GA) and the parameters are tuned for each work plane. The method optimized the multi-axis motion performance. A modified GA is also proposed to solve the convergence problem induced by a large number of parameters in multi-axis motion tuning.

Applied Research on Reliability Evaluation of CNC Machine Tools Based on D-S Evidence Theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 645-649
Author(s):  
Jie Yu ◽  
Wu Sheng Tang ◽  
Ting Ting Wang ◽  
Qiao Chan Li ◽  
Zhan Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Control Machine

Reliability is most important to the CNC machine tools and reliability estimation is a very important part of the reliability which has magnificence to allocate resources and put forward scientific policy. Reliability evaluation of computer numerical control machine tools can use all sorts of effective information to decrease the size of test samples and save the development costs and shorten the production cycle. The paper put forward to use D-S evidence theory and the information of experts system to decrease the uncertainty of the reliability evaluation of computer numerical control machine tools. The results show that the method can effectively decrease the uncertainty of the reliability evaluation of computer numerical control machine tools.

Development of a Smart Computer Numerical Control System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqian Sang ◽  
Xun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Field Bus ◽  
Nc System ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
Cnc Controller

Traditional Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines use ISO6983 (G/M code) for part programming. G/M code has a number of drawbacks and one of them is lack of interoperability. The Standard for the Exchange of Product for NC (STEP-NC) as a potential replacement for G/M code aims to provide a unified and interoperable data model for CNC. In a modern CNC machine tool, more and more motors, actuators and sensors are implemented and connected to the NC system, which leads to large quantity of data being transmitted. The real-time Ethernet field-bus is faster and more deterministic and can fulfill the requirement of data transmission in the high-speed and high-precision machining scenarios. It can provide more determinism on communication, openness, interoperability and reliability than a traditional field-bus. With a traditional CNC system using G/M code, when the machining is interrupted by incidents, restarting the machining process is time-consuming and highly experience-dependent. The proposed CNC controller can generate just-in-time tool paths for feature-based machining from a STEP-NC file. When machining stoppage occurs, the system can recover from stoppage incidents with minimum human intervention. This is done by generating new tool paths for the remaining machining process with or without the availability of the original cutting tool. The system uses a real-time Ethernet field-bus as the connection between the controller and the motors.

scholarly journals Computer numerical control vertical machining centre feed drive modelling using the transmission line technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 (9) ◽  
pp. 1578-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Ford ◽  
VYM Castaneda ◽  
AP Longstaff ◽  
C Pislaru ◽  
A Myers
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Cnc Machine

This study presents a novel application of the Transmission Line Matrix Method (TLM) for the modelling of the dynamic behaviour of non-linear hybrid systems for computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool drives. The application of the TLM technique implies the dividing of the ball-screw shaft into a number of identical elements in order to achieve the synchronisation of events in the simulation, and to provide an acceptable resolution according to the maximum frequency of interest. This entails the use of a high performance computing system with due consideration to the small time steps being applied in the simulation. Generally, the analysis of torsion and axial dynamic effects on a shaft implies the development of independent simulated models. This study presents a new procedure for the modelling of a ball-screw shaft by the synchronisation of the axial and torsion dynamics into the same model. The model parameters were obtained with equipments such as laser interferometer, ball bar, electronic levels, signal acquisition systems, etc. The MTLM models for single and two-axis configurations have been simulated and matches well with the measured responses of machines. The new modelling approach designated the Modified Transmission Line Method (MTLM) extends the TLM approach retaining all its inherent qualities but gives improved convergence and processing speeds. Further work since, not the subject of this paper, have identified its potential for real-time application.

scholarly journals Computer Numerically Controlled Machine to Draw text on Ardunio-based Acrylic Board

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 371-384
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Computer Numerically Controlled

This paper presents Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machine to draw text on Arduino based acrylic board. The principle working of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is a machine that is used for automatic control in the industrial world. It must more accurate, precise, flexible and suitale for production. CNC can reduce operator intervention during its operation. Design of computer numerically controlled machines for drawing text on Arduino-based acrilic boards is a tool used to draw text directly to an acrilic board based on the coordinates obtained from inkscape software. This tool consists of three translating axes, namely the X, Y, and Z axes. Each axis will move according to each coordinate obtained from the inkscape software and then sent to the microcontroller. This tool is only focused to draw the text is expected to not only draw the text, but also can draw another shape.

scholarly journals Evaluating Safety Systems for Machine Tools with Computer Numerical Control using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sever-Gabriel Racz ◽  
Radu-Eugen Breaz ◽  
Lucian-Ionel Cioca
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools are complex production systems with fully automatic machine parts. Nowadays, high feed rates and machining speeds are used during the machining process. Human operators are still needed to set-up the machine, load/unload workpieces and parts, load the machining code, and supervise the machining process. The operators work in an environment where automated high-speed motions occur, and consequently, CNC machine tools have to be equipped with safety systems. The approach presented in this paper was to evaluate the main safety systems of CNC machine tools based upon the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The analyzed systems were divided into six main categories and compared pairwise using five criteria proposed by the authors. The approach and the obtained results significantly relied upon the situation found at the industrial company used as a benchmark for the research. The analysis reveals that, among considered safety devices, manually operated controls are the most efficient ones. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the stability of the AHP solution.

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