TOXICOLOGICAL AND HYGIENE CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME METAL-CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES AT VARIOUS EXPOSITION METHODS: BIOACCUMULATION AND MORPHOFUNCTIONAL EXPOSURE FEATURES

Bioaccumulation and morphofunctional disorders induced by metal-containing nanoparticles were investigated on the example of potentially hazardous to health nanodispersed manganese and nickel oxides under various exposition conditions (particles size of 15-29 and 17-45 nanometers respectively). As a comparison, micro dimensional analogs which particles size was 300- to 1300- fold bigger were used. It was established that metalcontaining nanoparticles at intragastric and inhalation exposure had higher penetration power and low removal efficiency from the organism (14- to 39-fold lower); the profile of «critical» organs includes brain, liver, spleen, lungs; metal-containing NPs cause functional disorders in critical systems and target organs (in the form of disrupted balance in indicators of oxidative and antioxidant processes and neurotransmitters under effect of nano dispersed MnO), these disorders having dose-dependent character. A great degree of expressiveness of morphological changes in the blood circulatory system, macrophagal and lymphoid systems, and also the presence of changes in the tissue of liver, brain and heart not revealed under exposition to microdespersed analogs prove a big damaging ability of metal-containing nanoparticles and dependence of expressiveness degree of pathological process on the size of particles.

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Clinical and morphological parallels of lung and kidney damage in COVID-19

Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) ◽

10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-5-97-107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 97-107

Author(s):

A. S. Litvinov ◽

A. V. Savin ◽

A. A. Kukhtina ◽

D. A. Sitovskaya

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Human Kidney ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Kidney Damage ◽

Viral Reservoir ◽

Target Cells ◽

Acute Renal Injury ◽

Target Organs ◽

Autopsy Data ◽

Lung And Kidney

This article reviews the available literature on the SARS-Cov-2 virus and its similarities with its predecessors. The mechanisms of infection due to the structure and epidemiology of the virus are described. Based on these data, the pathogenesis of COVID- 19 infection is described. Based on this, the authors suggest probable extrapulmonary target cells and target organs for the virus depending on their expression ofthe vector protein, APF-2. The article describes a classic clinical picture of the disease, possible complications of its course, and the extrapulmonary (cardiac, immunological, renal) manifestations ofthe infection. The authors traced and described the chain of knowledge about the involvement of the kidneys in the pathological process at COVID-19. Based on numerous studies, we are looking at the site of acute renal injury, coagulopathy, systemic inflammatory response in the spectrum of manifestations of COVID-19 relative to kidneys in patients with COVID-19, including those with hemodialysis. The article builds clinical-morphological associations between lung and kidney damage at COVID-19. We present new data on the pathomorphological manifestations of COVID-19 in the lungs, including own autopsy data. Specificsigns of the effects of the virus on alveolocytes and its cytopathic effect are highlighted and described. The article focuses on kidney signs of infection. The authors give new results of their own observations obtained during an autopsy of patients with COVID-19. Detailed morphological changes in kidney structures have been described, proving that the human kidney is a specific target for SARS-Cov-2 infection, and can also serve as a viral reservoir for the pathogen, playing a role in its subsequent persistence.

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SPECIFICITY OF ESTIMATION AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN OLDER AGE GROUPS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY

Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-2-77-83 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. O. Zakharova ◽

S. V. Bulgakova ◽

E. V. Treneva ◽

A. V. Nikolaeva ◽

P. I. Romanchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Age Groups ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Older Age

The demographic situation in recent decades has been characterized by a progressive increase in the proportion of older age groups in both developed countries and the Russian Federation. The main contribution to morbidity and mortality of people over 60 years of age is made by diseases of the circulatory system. Early development and progression of cardiovascular diseases contributes to kidney dysfunction, often developing against the background of morphological changes occurring with age in the kidneys, called “senile kidney”. Reduction of glomerular filtration rate in elderly patients is not mandatory and in most cases occurs as a result of an existing pathological process. The combined effect of changes in GFR and cardiovascular disease on the prognosis of older patients remains poorly understood, which determines the relevance of the study of chronic kidney disease in geriatric patients.

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Thermal characterization of ABS-Graphene blended three dimensional printed functional prototypes for electro chemical energy storage

International Journal of Computational Physics Series ◽

10.29167/a1i1p1-11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamaljit Singh Boparai ◽

Rupinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Thermal Characterization ◽

Chemical Energy ◽

Flow Index ◽

Fused Deposition

This study highlights the thermal characterization of ABS-Graphene blended three dimensional (3D) printed functional prototypes by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. These functional prototypes have some applications as electro-chemical energy storage devices (EESD). Initially, the suitability of ABS-Graphene composite material for FDM applications has been examined by melt flow index (MFI) test. After establishing MFI, the feedstock filament for FDM has been prepared by an extrusion process. The fabricated filament has been used for printing 3D functional prototypes for printing of in-house EESD. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis was conducted to understand the effect on glass transition temperature with the inclusion of Graphene (Gr) particles. It has been observed that the reinforced Gr particles act as a thermal reservoir (sink) and enhances its thermal/electrical conductivity. Also, FT-IR spectra realized the structural changes with the inclusion of Gr in ABS matrix. The results are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based micrographs for understanding the morphological changes.

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Nanotechnologies. Characterization of nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for inhalation toxicity testing

10.3403/30190435 ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Inhalation Toxicity

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An engineered IL-2 reprogrammed for anti-tumor therapy using a semi-synthetic organism

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24987-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jerod L. Ptacin ◽

Carolina E. Caffaro ◽

Lina Ma ◽

Kristine M. San Jose Gall ◽

Hans R. Aerni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nk Cells ◽

Large Scale ◽

Tumor Therapy ◽

Covalent Modification ◽

Synthetic Dna ◽

Expansion Characteristic ◽

Synthetic Organisms ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Receptor Beta

AbstractThe implementation of applied engineering principles to create synthetic biological systems promises to revolutionize medicine, but application of fundamentally redesigned organisms has thus far not impacted practical drug development. Here we utilize an engineered microbial organism with a six-letter semi-synthetic DNA code to generate a library of site-specific, click chemistry compatible amino acid substitutions in the human cytokine IL-2. Targeted covalent modification of IL-2 variants with PEG polymers and screening identifies compounds with distinct IL-2 receptor specificities and improved pharmacological properties. One variant, termed THOR-707, selectively engages the IL-2 receptor beta/gamma complex without engagement of the IL-2 receptor alpha. In mice, administration of THOR-707 results in large-scale activation and amplification of CD8+ T cells and NK cells, without Treg expansion characteristic of IL-2. In syngeneic B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice, THOR-707 enhances drug accumulation in the tumor tissue, stimulates tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T and NK cells, and leads to a dose-dependent reduction of tumor growth. These results support further characterization of the immune modulatory, anti-tumor properties of THOR-707 and represent a fundamental advance in the application of synthetic biology to medicine, leveraging engineered semi-synthetic organisms as cellular factories to facilitate discovery and production of differentiated classes of chemically modified biologics.

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Characterization of morphological changes to an epoxy-based polymer used as a corrosion-preventative lining in retorted canned tomatoes

Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110753 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 110753

Author(s):

Elliot Dhuey ◽

Ken Ruffley ◽

Melvin A. Pascall

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes

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Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticle Effects on Intestinal Bacteria

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2489

Author(s):

Ami Yoo ◽

Mengshi Lin ◽

Azlin Mustapha

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Ag Nps ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽

Transmission Electron

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) for food safety is increasingly being explored. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) NPs are inorganic chemicals with antimicrobial and bioactive characteristics and have been widely used in the food industry. However, not much is known about the behavior of these NPs upon ingestion and whether they inhibit natural gut microflora. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ZnO and Ag NPs on the intestinal bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium animalis. Cells were inoculated into tryptic soy broth or Lactobacilli MRS broth containing 1% of NP-free solution, 0, 12, 16, 20 mM of ZnO NPs or 0, 1.8, 2.7, 4.6 mM Ag NPs, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The presence and characterization of the NPs on bacterial cells were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Membrane leakage and cell viability were assessed using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and confocal electron microscope, respectively. Numbers of treated cells were within 1 log CFU/mL less than those of the controls for up to 12 h of incubation. Cellular morphological changes were observed, but many cells remained in normal shapes. Only a small amount of internal cellular contents was leaked due to the NP treatments, and more live than dead cells were observed after exposure to the NPs. Based on these results, we conclude that ZnO and Ag NPs have mild inhibitory effects on intestinal bacteria.

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Cytotoxic Effects of N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET) on Sinonasal Epithelia

OTO Open ◽

10.1177/2473974x211009232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 2473974X2110092

Author(s):

Jivianne T. Lee ◽

Saroj Basak

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Environmental Toxicants ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Cell Monitoring ◽

History Of ◽

And Control ◽

Dose Dependent

Although the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis remains unknown, environmental factors including airborne pollutants and toxicants are postulated to contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the precise pathomechanisms with which environmental toxicants may contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis are not fully understood. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the cytotoxic effects of N,N-diethyl- meta-toluamide (DEET), a commonly used pesticide, on sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs). Sinus mucosa was obtained from 3 subjects without a history of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cultured SNECs were exposed to various concentrations of DEET (0-5 mM) for 6 days. Cell viability, proliferation, and morphologic changes were assessed using the MTT colorimetric dye assay and the Incucyte Live Cell Monitoring System. Statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and proliferation was observed between exposure and control groups ( P < .05) at all concentrations tested. Dose-dependent cellular morphological changes were also seen. These findings indicate that DEET exposure induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in sinonasal epithelia.

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Chemical, Physical and Engineering Characterization Of Candidate Backfill Clays and Clay Admixtures for a Nuclear Waste Respository-Part I

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-6-413 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Sudesh K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Waste ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Nuclear Waste Repository ◽

Exchange Cation ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Waste Repository ◽

Mineralogical Compositions

ABSTRACTFourteen Canadian clays and clay admixtures were subjected to simulated nuclear waste repository environments. The present work is concerned with the montmorillonite-dominant materials only. The montmorillonite-dominant samples showed significant leaching on interaction with deionized water. On heating the samples at 200°C for 500 hours, montmorillomites lost intermicellar water completely and acquired cusp-like to cylindrical morphologies. The loss of water and the morphological changes in montmorillonites significantly altered the engineering characteristics. Permeability, shrinkage limits, compactability and shear strength varied in response to the dominant exchange cation in the structure of montmorillonites and the presence of other mineral components in the materials. The synthetic granite water reacted with montmorillonites and led to changes in chemical and mineralogical compositions, crystalline state and engineering properties.

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