Verification of Efficacy of Bitoxybacillin/ Bacillus thuringiensis on Red  Spider Mite, Tetranychusurticae on Cut Roses

Cut roses industries, new income resource in Ethiopia, most of flower industries are established near and around to Addis Ababa city, especially in west and east Shewa zones, most of flower enterprise established by foreigner, which is enhance global economy and creates jobs opportunity. Red spider mite, Tetranychusurticae is the major obstacles for flower production here in Ethiopia, in order to increase the quality and quantity of flower production need to plan different control strategies. Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of these naturally occurring bacteria in controlling the red spider mite in rose flower farms. This experiment was donning on Menagesh, Gallica flower farm and the variety was Limbo flower, the application time was at flowering stage. Two rounds at the rate of 7ml/l by using Motorized knapsack sprayer for four consecutive months. The analysis of variance on mite count data after the application of Bitoxybacillin (Bt) and Abamectin 1.8%EC showed no significant difference (p>0.05) even after 21 days after the second spray (Table 1). However, the population density of the spider mite in Bt treated plots was very low in all sampling dates compared to the untreated check and Abamectin. The pest population (original data) after three weeks of the Bitoxybacillin applications was 68.1 per stem compared to Abamectin 1.8%EC (125.1) and control (110.57) indicating the registered miticide failed to suppress the mite population in roses. Bitoxybacill, would be advisable to have it registered in Ethiopia as alternative synthetic miticides for the control of red spider mite in Integrated Pest Management program.

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Susceptibility to acaricides and detoxifying enzyme activities in the red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽

10.24349/acarologia/20184261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 647-654

Author(s):

Somnath Roy ◽

Anjali Km. Prasad ◽

Gautam Handique ◽

Bipanchi Deka

Keyword(s):

Spider Mite ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Management Program ◽

Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽

Tea Plantation ◽

P450 Monooxygenases ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Median Lethal Concentrations ◽

Oligonychus Coffeae

Susceptibility of red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner (Acari: Tetranychidae), collected from conventionally-managed (synthetic acaricide usage) versus an organicallymanaged (no acaricide usage) tea plantations in Assam, India, to five synthetic acaricides was determined in laboratory bioassays. Activity of three principal detoxifying enzymes of these mite populations was also assayed. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of ethion, dicofol, propargite, fenpropathrin, and fenazaquin were 1049.75, 599.21, 232.03, 11.44, and 6.75 ppm, respectively. Field rates of these acaricides were compared with 95% lethal concentration (LC95 in ppm) values, and a decrease in the susceptibility of the test population to ethion, propargite, dicofol and fenpropathrin was observed. There was no change for fenazaquin which was effective at lower doses than the recommended dose. Of all the acaricides tested, fenazaquin was the most toxic and ethion was the least toxic. General esterases (GEs), glutathione- S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases exhibited a higher activity in mite population from the conventionallymanaged tea plantation as compared with the activity in mites from the organicallymanaged tea plantation. These findings may be helpful in the selection of acaricides and in developing resistance management strategies for an effective management program for this major tea pest.

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Acaricidal activity of juazeiro leaf extract against red spider mite in cotton plants

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000700003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 493-499

Author(s):

José Cláudio Barros Ferraz ◽

Cláudia Helena Cysneiros Matos ◽

Carlos Romero Ferreira de Oliveira ◽

Maria das Graças Rosa de Sá ◽

Antônia Gilciléia Cunha da Conceição

Keyword(s):

Cotton Plant ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Repellent Effect ◽

Leaf Discs ◽

Control Efficiency ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cotton Plants

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity, repellency, efficiency, and phytotoxicity of the aqueous extract of juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro) leaves in the control of the red spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni, on cotton plant. For toxicity evaluation, T. ludeni adult females were put on cotton leaf discs sprayed with the juazeiro extract. The repellent effect was verified in arenas that contained cotton leaf discs treated or not with the aqueous extract. The control efficiency of the juazeiro extract was evaluated by the infestation of cotton plants by adult female mites, followed by spraying with the extract. Measured LC50 was 3.54% (m/v), with 76.47% mortality and repellent effect. There was control efficiency for 120 hours, with 78.02% average, without significant difference between the evaluation intervals. Cotton plants did not show phytotoxicity. The juazeiro aqueous extract shows potential as an alternative control of T. ludeni on cotton plant due to its high toxicity, repellent effect, and efficiency in causing mortality, without being phytotoxic to cotton plants.

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Seasonal dynamics of the two spotted red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on two field crops in Qalubyia governorate, Egypt.

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A Entomology ◽

10.21608/eajbsa.2016.12851 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-24

Author(s):

Nawal Shanbaky ◽

Nadia Helmy ◽

Mohammed El-Erksousy ◽

Manal Ibraheem

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Field Crops ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch

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Population Density of the Red Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari:Tetranychidae) on Some Vegetable Crops at Fayoum Governorate

Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology ◽

10.21608/jppp.2016.52430 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 785-789

Author(s):

M. Mahmoud ◽

Sherin Safar

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽

Fayoum Governorate

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Microencapsulation of lambda-cyhalothrin with polyurethane-urea and application on peppermint plant leaves containing a two-spotted red spider mite (tetranychus urticae)

Journal of Taibah University for Science ◽

10.1080/16583655.2021.1878671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Hatice Yılmaz ◽

Hüseyin Enginar ◽

Cemal Çifci

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin

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Effects of Clonostachys rosea f. catenula Inoculum on the Composting of Cabbage Wastes and the Endophytic Activities of the Composted Material on Tomatoes and Red Spider Mite Infestation

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1184

Author(s):

Nomfusi Ntsobi ◽

Morris Fanadzo ◽

Marilize Le Roes-Hill ◽

Felix Nchu

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Fungal Treatment ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

Clonostachys Rosea ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Phytotoxicity Test ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

Globally, fungal inocula are being explored as agents for the optimization of composting processes. This research primarily evaluates the effects of inoculating organic vegetable heaps with the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea f. catenula (Hypocreales) on the biophysicochemical properties of the end-product of composting. Six heaps of fresh cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) waste were inoculated with C. rosea f. catenula conidia and another six were not exposed to the fungus. The composted materials from the fungus- and control-treated heaps were subsequently used as a medium to cultivate tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The biophysicochemical characteristics of the composted materials were also assessed after composting. In addition, the protective effect of the fungal inoculum against red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestations in the tomatoes was evaluated through the determination of conidial colonization of the plant tissue and the number of plants infested by the insect. Furthermore, phytotoxicity tests were carried out post experiment. There were few significant variations (p < 0.05) in heap temperature or moisture level between treatments based on the weekly data. We found no significant differences in the levels of compost macronutrient and micronutrient constituents. Remarkably, the composted materials, when incorporated into a growth medium from fungus-treated heaps, induced a 100% endophytic tissue colonization in cultivated tomato plants. While fewer red spider mite infestations were observed in tomato plants grown in composted materials from fungus-treated heaps, the difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.96 and p = 0.32). The fungal treatment yielded composted materials that significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tomato seed germination, and based on the phytotoxicity test, the composted samples from the heaps exposed to the C. rosea f. catenula inoculum were not toxic to tomato seeds and seedlings. In conclusion, this study showed that C. rosea f. catenula improved the quality of composted materials in terms of fungal endophytism and seed germination.

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Ethyl formate and phosphine fumigations on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and their biochemical responses

Applied Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13765-019-0458-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyeongnam Kim ◽

Yong Ho Lee ◽

Gayoung Kim ◽

Byung-Ho Lee ◽

Jeong-Oh Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Respiratory Chain ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Ethyl Formate ◽

Treated Group ◽

Effective Control ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Target Sites ◽

Two Spotted Spider Mite

Abstract Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest to a variety of plants and they are hard to be controlled due to occurrence of resistance to acaricides. In this study, biochemical evaluation after ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation towards T. urticae might help officials to control them in quarantine purposes. PH3 fumigation controlled eggs (LC50; 0.158 mg/L), nymphs (LC50; 0.030 mg/L), and adults (LC50; 0.059 mg/L) of T. urticae, and EF effectively affected nymphs (LC50; 2.826 mg/L) rather than eggs (LC50; 6.797 mg/L) and adults (LC50; 5.836 mg/L). In a longer exposure time of 20 h, PH3 fumigation was 94.2-fold more effective tool for control of T. urticae than EF fumigant. EF and PH3 inhibited cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity differently in both nymphs and adults of T. urticae. It confirmed COX is one of target sites of these fumigants in T. urticae and COX is involved in the respiratory chain as complex IV. Molecular approaches showed that EF fumigation completely down-regulated the expression of cox11 gene at the concentration of LC10 value, while PH3 up-regulated several genes greater than twofold in T. urticae nymphs treated with the concentration of LC50 value. These increased genes by PH3 fumigation are ndufv1, atpB, para, and ace, responsible for the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, ATP synthase, and acetylcholinesterase in insects, respectively. Lipidomic analyses exhibited a significant difference between two fumigants-exposed groups and the control, especially an ion with 815.46 m/z was analyzed less than twofold in the fumigants-treated group. It was identified as PI(15:1/18:3) and it may be used as a biomarker to EF and PH3 toxicity. These findings may contribute to set an effective control strategy on T. urticae by methyl bromide alternatives such as EF and PH3 because they have shared target sites on the respiratory chain in the pest.

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