scholarly journals Spatial analysis of damage caused by strong winds and gales in the Czech lands since ad 1500

Geografie ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
Kateřina Keprtová
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Czech Lands

The aim of this article is an analysis of the spatial distribution of places with damage done by gales and windstorms in Czechia in the course of the last 500 years. Descriptive documentary data derived from historical climatology are used for this analysis and the specific features contained within these data are mentioned. Using ArcGIS tools, thematic maps of the locations damaged by gales for each century are presented and the spatial distribution of the places is characterized. This spatial distribution is connected to a large degree with the quantity and quality of available historical sources. However, spatial analysis enables the characterization of the most affected localities and also the most significant cases, "the windstorms of the century".

scholarly journals Evaluation of remotely sensed precipitation product in a hydrological model of the Bednja watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (04) ◽  
pp. 335-348
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Precipitation Product ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Runoff Model

In this paper, a statistical and spatial analysis of precipitation for the period 2000-2018 for the Bednja basin was performed, were the measured data from meteorological and/or rainfall stations of Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) were compared with the data in form of remotely sensed precipitation product - CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station). The results of the analysis in the form of the annual sum, monthly distribution within the year and the spatial distribution and input data ratio over the basin show a good correlation between the measured and remotely sensed precipitation. In order to further evaluate the quality of the remotely sensed product, a SWAT hydrological runoff model was created.

scholarly journals SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON PHYTOPLANKTON IN GREEN MUSSEL AQUACULTURE AREA, KAMAL MUARA, NORTH JAKARTA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Abdul Basir ◽  
Riani Widiarti ◽  
Wisnu Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Green Mussel ◽  
Aquaculture Area ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Harmful Phytoplankton

<p>Research on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton was held in the green mussel aquaculture area, Kamal Muara, North Jakarta. The research aimed to obtain the abundance and spatial distribution of phytoplankton and the influencing environmental parameters. The study was necessary to conduct in order to determine the useful or harmful phytoplankton groups in the location, which will affect the quality of green mussel for consumption.Thalasiossira and Chaetoceros from Bacillariophyceae, which will be harmful in a bloom condition, were the most abundantly found phytoplankton in the area. Based on distribution maps, the abundance of Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae were highest at stations near the mainland, whereas Cyanophyceae was at farther stations. Spearman’s correlation values indicated that the abundance of Bacillariophyceae was most influenced by pH, Dinophyceae by salinity, whereas Cyanophyceae was influenced by phosphate.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Kamal Muara, phytoplankton, spatial distribution.</p>

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Characterization of homoepitaxial diamond films by Electron microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
D.P. Malta ◽  
S.A. Willard ◽  
R.A. Rudder ◽  
G.C. Hudson ◽  
J.B. Posthill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Semiconducting Diamond

Semiconducting diamond films have the potential for use as a material in which to build active electronic devices capable of operating at high temperatures or in high radiation environments. A major goal of current device-related diamond research is to achieve a high quality epitaxial film on an inexpensive, readily available, non-native substrate. One step in the process of achieving this goal is understanding the nucleation and growth processes of diamond films on diamond substrates. Electron microscopy has already proven invaluable for assessing polycrystalline diamond films grown on nonnative surfaces.The quality of the grown diamond film depends on several factors, one of which is the quality of the diamond substrate. Substrates commercially available today have often been found to have scratched surfaces resulting from the polishing process (Fig. 1a). Electron beam-induced current (EBIC) imaging shows that electrically active sub-surface defects can be present to a large degree (Fig. 1c). Growth of homoepitaxial diamond films by rf plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been found to planarize the scratched substrate surface (Fig. 1b).

Physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of hospital effluents and their impact on the environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Hospital Effluents ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Discharge ◽  
Significant Chemical

Liquid effluents discharged by hospitals may contain chemical and biological contaminants whose main source is the different substances used for the treatment of patients. This type of rejection can present a sanitary potentially dangerous risk for human health and can provoke a strong degradation of diverse environmental compartments mainly water and soils. The present study focuses on the quality of the liquid effluents of Hassani Abdelkader’s hospital of Sidi Bel-Abbes (West of Algeria). The results reveal a significant chemical pollution (COD: 879 mgO2/L, BOD5: 850 mgO2/L, NH4+ : 47.9 mg/l, NO2- : 4.2 mg/l, NO3- : 56.8 mg/l with respect to WHO standard of 90 mgO2/L, 30 mgO2/L, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l and 1 mg/l respectively). However, these effluents are biodegradable since the ratio COD/BOD5 do not exceeded the value of 2 in almost all samples. The presence of pathogen germs is put into evidence such as pseudomonas, the clostridium, the staphylococcus, the fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus. These results show that the direct discharge of these effluents constitutes a major threat to human health and the environment.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

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