scholarly journals Evaluation of remotely sensed precipitation product in a hydrological model of the Bednja watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (04) ◽  
pp. 335-348
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Precipitation Product ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Runoff Model

In this paper, a statistical and spatial analysis of precipitation for the period 2000-2018 for the Bednja basin was performed, were the measured data from meteorological and/or rainfall stations of Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) were compared with the data in form of remotely sensed precipitation product - CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station). The results of the analysis in the form of the annual sum, monthly distribution within the year and the spatial distribution and input data ratio over the basin show a good correlation between the measured and remotely sensed precipitation. In order to further evaluate the quality of the remotely sensed product, a SWAT hydrological runoff model was created.

scholarly journals Remotely sensed latent heat fluxes for improving model predictions of soil moisture: a case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 6179-6205
Author(s):  
J. M. Schuurmans ◽  
F. C. van Geer ◽  
M. F. P. Bierkens
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Small Catchment

Abstract. This paper investigates whether the use of remotely sensed latent heat fluxes improves the accuracy of spatially-distributed soil moisture predictions by a hydrological model. By using real data we aim to show the potential and limitations in practice. We use (i) satellite data of both ASTER and MODIS for the same two days in the summer of 2006 that, in association with the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), provides us the spatial distribution of daily ETact and (ii) an operational physically based distributed (25 m×25 m) hydrological model of a small catchment (70 km2) in The Netherlands that simulates the water flow in both the unsaturated and saturated zone. Firstly, model outcomes of ETact are compared to the processed satellite data. Secondly, we perform data assimilation that updates the modelled soil moisture. We show that remotely sensed ETact is useful in hydrological modelling for two reasons. Firstly, in the procedure of model calibration: comparison of modeled and remotely sensed ETact together with the outcomes of our data assimilation procedure points out potential model errors (both conceptual and flux-related). Secondly, assimilation of remotely sensed ETact results in a realistic spatial adjustment of soil moisture, except for the area with forest and deep groundwater levels. As both ASTER and MODIS images were available for the same days, this study provides also an excellent opportunity to compare the worth of these two satellite sources. It is shown that, although ASTER provides much better insight in the spatial distribution of ETact due to its higher spatial resolution than MODIS, they appeared in this study just as useful.

scholarly journals Regionalization of hydrological model parameters using data depth

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Bárdossy ◽  
Shailesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Data Depth ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Catchment Characteristics ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Runoff Model

The parameters of hydrological models with no or short discharge records can only be estimated using regional information. We can assume that catchments with similar characteristics show a similar hydrological behaviour. A regionalization of hydrological model parameters on the basis of catchment characteristics is therefore plausible. However, due to the non-uniqueness of the rainfall/runoff model parameters (equifinality), a procedure of a regional parameter estimation by model calibration and a subsequent fit of a regional function is not appropriate. In this paper, a different procedure based on the depth function and convex combinations of model parameters is introduced. Catchment characteristics to be used for regionalization can be identified by the same procedure. Regionalization is then performed using different approaches: multiple linear regression using the deepest parameter sets and convex combinations. The assessment of the quality of the regionalized models is also discussed. An example of 28 British catchments illustrates the methodology.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of damage caused by strong winds and gales in the Czech lands since ad 1500

Geografie ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
Kateřina Keprtová
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Czech Lands

The aim of this article is an analysis of the spatial distribution of places with damage done by gales and windstorms in Czechia in the course of the last 500 years. Descriptive documentary data derived from historical climatology are used for this analysis and the specific features contained within these data are mentioned. Using ArcGIS tools, thematic maps of the locations damaged by gales for each century are presented and the spatial distribution of the places is characterized. This spatial distribution is connected to a large degree with the quantity and quality of available historical sources. However, spatial analysis enables the characterization of the most affected localities and also the most significant cases, "the windstorms of the century".

scholarly journals Remotely sensed latent heat fluxes for model error diagnosis: a case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Schuurmans ◽  
F. C. van Geer ◽  
M. F. P. Bierkens
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Small Catchment

Abstract. This study shows that remotely sensed ETact is useful in hydrological modelling for the procedure of model calibration and shows it potential to update soil moisture predictions. Comparison of modeled and remotely sensed ETact together with the outcomes of our data assimilation procedure points out potential model errors, both conceptual and flux-related. Assimilation of remotely sensed ETact results in a realistic spatial adjustment of soil moisture, except for the area where the model suffers from conceptual errors (forest with deep groundwater levels). By using operational (i.e. available for community in practice) data and models we aim to show the potential and limitations of using remotely sensed ETact in the practice of hydrological modelling. We use satellite data of both ASTER and MODIS for the same two days in the summer of 2006 that, in association with the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), provides us the spatial distribution of daily ETact. The model, used by the local water board, is a physically based distributed hydrological model of a small catchment (70 km2) in The Netherlands that simulates the water flow in both the unsaturated and saturated zone. Model outcomes of ETact show values that are at least 20% lower than those estimated by SEBAL, which is due to the fact that different evapotranspiration methods are used. The spatial pattern of ETact from the hydrological model resembles the soil map, whereas the ETact from SEBAL resembles the land use map. As both ASTER and MODIS images were available for the same days, this study provides an opportunity to compare the worth of these two satellite sources. It is shown that, although ASTER provides better insight in the spatial distribution of ETact due to its higher spatial resolution than MODIS, they appeared in this study just as useful.

scholarly journals SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON PHYTOPLANKTON IN GREEN MUSSEL AQUACULTURE AREA, KAMAL MUARA, NORTH JAKARTA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Abdul Basir ◽  
Riani Widiarti ◽  
Wisnu Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Green Mussel ◽  
Aquaculture Area ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Harmful Phytoplankton

<p>Research on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton was held in the green mussel aquaculture area, Kamal Muara, North Jakarta. The research aimed to obtain the abundance and spatial distribution of phytoplankton and the influencing environmental parameters. The study was necessary to conduct in order to determine the useful or harmful phytoplankton groups in the location, which will affect the quality of green mussel for consumption.Thalasiossira and Chaetoceros from Bacillariophyceae, which will be harmful in a bloom condition, were the most abundantly found phytoplankton in the area. Based on distribution maps, the abundance of Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae were highest at stations near the mainland, whereas Cyanophyceae was at farther stations. Spearman’s correlation values indicated that the abundance of Bacillariophyceae was most influenced by pH, Dinophyceae by salinity, whereas Cyanophyceae was influenced by phosphate.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Kamal Muara, phytoplankton, spatial distribution.</p>

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Accuracy analysis in borders description for municipal entities in the Republic Bashkortostan

2017 ◽  
Vol 924 (6) ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
V.N. Puchkov ◽  
R.S. Musalimov ◽  
D.S. Zavarnov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Accuracy Analysis ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Republic

In this work the analysis on description of rural settlements boundaries of the Republic of Bashkortostan, based on the experience of other sub-federal units of Russian Federation was made. A range of weak points in collected input data was defined. In total, of 54 municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan (818 rural settlements), 44 districts showed nonconformity of feed data details to regulatory requirements. And the main reason for this is a low quality of input materials such as base maps at scale 1

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

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