scholarly journals Visualization of geospatial data: chaos in the dimensions

Geografie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Dušek ◽  
Jakub Miřijovský
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Perspective Projection ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Spatial Data Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

2D maps, 2.5D terrain models and 3D visualization are examples of terms which are widely used in computer science, geography, cartography and also in geoinformatics. What do they, however, really mean? The paper tries to clarify the common terminology. Only the issue of three-dimensional space is discussed, without incorporating time and other dimensions. The authors want to draw attention to the often misguiding and pointless use of terms relating to the expression of space. The original and correct terms, originating from informatics and spatial data processing, have been transferred to the field of visualization, in which they are often ill founded and incorrect. An example commonly used in the literature is a reference to perspective projection as a 3D view, etc. Furthermore, the paper points to collisions in the use of these terms. Despite the fact that the terms are already commonly used in the literature, the authors recommend a change of the terms, especially in view of further technological developments in the field of spatial data visualization.

Integrated 3D Spatial Data Model of Object-Oriented Digital Landslide

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4872-4877
Author(s):  
Da Xi Ma ◽  
Xiao Hong Liu ◽  
Li Wei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Modeling ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Landslide Modeling ◽  
Space Data ◽  
Spatial Data Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

By analyzing the attributes of three-dimensional space data model, the integrated 3D spatial data adopts object-oriented method for digital landslide modeling. It achieves spatial data modeling for landslide geological entity. An experimental case is given to indicate the feasibility of this approach for spatial data modeling.

3D Visualization for Hydrocarbon Project Design

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Neurauter ◽  
Sabrina Szeto ◽  
Matt Tindall ◽  
Yan Wong ◽  
Chris Wright
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Visualization Techniques

3D visualization is the process of displaying spatial data to simulate and model a real three dimensional space. Using 3D visualization, Geomatic professionals are enabling pipeline engineers to make better decisions by providing an increased understanding of potential costs earlier in the design process. This paper will focus on the value of visualizing Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data through the use of hillshades and imagery-draped 3D models. From free online DEM data to high resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derived DEM data, the increased availability allows for a broader use of 3D visualization techniques beyond 3D analysis. Of the numerous sources available, two DEM sources will be discussed in this paper, the free low resolution DEM (CDED Level 1) and the more costly but higher resolution LiDAR based DEM. Traditional methods of evaluating potential locations for route and facilities involved a significant cost for ground truthing. Through the use of 3D visualization products, multiple potential locations can be examined for suitability without the expense of field visits for every candidate site. By focusing on the selected candidate locations using a visual desktop study, the time and expense of ground truthing all of the potential sites can be reduced significantly. Exploiting the visual value of DEM permits a productive and cost efficient methodology for initial route and facility placement on hydrocarbon projects.

Installing Technology of Spherical Welding Lattice Shell in Three-Dimensional Space

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Xiao Bo Xu ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Hui Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lattice Shell ◽  
Technical Measures ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Spherical welding lattice shell structures are usually used in stadiums and public buildings. The main difficult problems in construction are positioning of welding members and controlling welding deformations in three-dimensional space. The common positioning methods are poor in operability and accuracy, which cannot meet the demands of precise construction. In this paper, a three-dimensional positioner was developed according to the spherical latitude and longitude lines intersect positioning principle based on the Kitwitt monolayer welding lattice shell in Guangzhou Conghua Liuxi Square project. In addition, the welding deformations were controlled effectively by innovative technical measures. Good efficiency has been achieved in engineering practice with this technology and the installation is of high quality.

INFOLOD AND LANDMARK: SPATIAL PRESENTATION OF ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION AND COMPUTING REPRESENTATIVE OBJECTS FOR SPATIAL DATA

2000 ◽  
Vol 09 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENGO KOISO ◽  
TAKEHISA MORI ◽  
HIROAKI KAWAGISHI ◽  
KATSUMI TANAKA ◽  
TAKAHIRO MATSUMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
Attribute Information ◽  
Spatial Presentation ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Representative Object

In this paper, we will propose a way of visualizing attribute information for spatial objects in the three-dimensional space and a calculation method for extracting a representative object from objects in a given region. In conventional three-dimensional visualizations such as architectural simulations, most of the attention has been paid to image data such as colors, shapes, and textures of spatial objects. In this research, we will focus on the attribute information of spatial objects including image data. We propose InfoLOD concept which introduces the notion of level of detail(LOD) to attribute information as well as image data such as photographs and computer graphics for controlling the visualization of attribute information in a three-dimensional space. The visualization is controlled based on distance and orientation, and we will also discuss the differentiation factor which visualizes the differences among the objects. In addition to visualization control, we will propose the LandMark algorithm for extracting a representative object from the objects in a given region based on their spatial occupancy ratio and the uniqueness of the attribute data. The region for browsing may be specified manually by the user or may be automatically specified by some algorithm. Here, we discuss the spatial glue operation which dynamically retrieves regions containing objects with user-specified attribute information unlike conventional method based on static mesh which are often used in GIS(Geographic Information System). We will also introduce some of our implementations in order to illustrate our ideas.

Geometry in three dimensions over GF (3)

1954 ◽  
Vol 222 (1149) ◽  
pp. 262-286 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Galois Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Common Vertex ◽  
Line Geometry ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
The Common ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The object of this paper is to give some account of the geometry of the three-dimensional space S wherein the co-ordinates belong to a Galois field K of 3 marks. A description of the fundamental properties of quadrics is sufficiently long for one paper, and so an account of the line geometry is deferred. The early paragraphs (§§ 1 to 4) are necessarily concerned with geometry on a line or in a plane. A line consists of 4 points; these are self-projective under all 4! permutations. A plane consists of 13 points and has the same number, 234, of triangles, quadrangles, quadri-laterals and non-singular conics. A diagram is helpful, especially when we consider sections by planes in S . The space S has 40 points. Non-singular quadrics are of two kinds: either ruled, when we call them hyperboloids, or non-ruled, when we call them ellipsoids. A hyperboloid H consists of 16 points and has a pair of reguli; the 24 points of S not on H are the vertices of 6 tetra-hedra that form two allied desmic triads. The ellipsoid F is introduced in § 12; it consists of 10 points, the other 30 points of S being separated into two batches of 15 between which there is a symmetrical (3, 3) correspondence. Either batch can be arranged as a set of 6 pentagons, each of the 15 points being the common vertex of 2 of these. The pentagons of either set have all their edges tangents of F and, with their polar pentahedra, have significant properties and interrelations. By no means their least important attribute is that they afford, with F , so apposite a domain of operation for the simple group of order 360. In §§ 23 to 26 are described the operations of the group in this setting. Thereafter the 36 separations of the 10 points of F into complementary pentads are discussed, no 4 of either pentad being coplanar. During the work constructions for an ellipsoid are encountered; one is in § 16, another in § 30.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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