scholarly journals Effect of Non-polar Extractable Substances on Soils and on Vegetation Cover from old Environmental Burdens

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Ivana Knapcová ◽  
Helena Hybská ◽  
Hana Ollerová ◽  
Dagmar Samešová ◽  
Ondrej Vacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Basal Soil Respiration ◽  
Environmental Burdens

This case study focuses on the assessment of the effect of soil pollution by gudrons disposed in landfills. Waste products are acid tars, called "gudron" in the Slovakian terminology. Gudrons are waste products resulting from sulphonation technologies used in oil processing. In the Slovak Republic, gudron landfills are risk localities and are classified as old environmental burdens. Non-polar extractable substances (NES) as well as the activity of soil cellulase and basal soil respiration in soil samples taken from four different distances from the pollution sources were analysed. The effect of landfills on vegetation was assessed by recording the number and cover of plants on the sampling points. Long-term and gradual gudron contamination of the surrounding areas from both landfills is evident and has been proven by monitored NES concentrations. The pollution progress was predicted by the use of logistical function (based on the NES indicator) due to the increasing distance from the sources of pollution. Comparison of these two areas showed markedly higher oil substances pollution in the soil samples taken from the surroundings of the landfill Predajna 2. Determined content of NES did not meet the criteria of permissible concentration in soil samples, not even at a distance of 150 m (< 0.1 mg kg-1 in compliance with the Law No. 220/2004 Coll.). When determining basal soil respiration, the production of CO2 corresponded with oil pollution determined by the NES indicator. High concentrations of NES hinder enzymatic cellulase activity. The decomposition of cellulose occurs only at lower concentrations of NES. It is possible to range the soils of lower NES concentrations (soils taken from the distances of 70 m and 150 m from Predajna 1; 110 m and 150 m from Predajna 2) among the soils with weak or middle soil cellulose activity. This indicates that microbial activity was detected in the soil samples, and the values of this microbial activity were higher due to a decrease of inhibitors caused by oil pollution. That total surface vegetation cover increases as distance from the landfills increases indicated the validity of these facts.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO SOBRE A REDUÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE MICROBIANA NA ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO CRESCIMENTO DO MILHO E RESPIRAÇÃO DO SOLO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Bruna Coelho de Lima ◽  
Fabio Fernando de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Basal Soil Respiration

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of organic matter and organic matter irradiated to the soil, on corn growth and soil respiration. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and microbiology laboratory. For organic fertilization, bovine manure was taken from the dairy farm. To reduce microbial activity in manure, the irradiation technique was used using the microwave oven. The experimental design was a completely randomized block containing five treatments, with and without irradiation and four replications. At 65 days after sowing, height and dry mass evaluations of plants were made. Soil samples were also collected for the evaluation of microbial activity by basal soil respiration method. The application of natural manure favored the greater microbial activity in the soil when compared to the same organic matter irradiated. Natural manure promoted the highest growth of maize indicating doses close to ten tons per hectare with a significant quadratic adjustment (p <0.05), which did not occur in the use of irradiated manure that provided linear adjustment.

scholarly journals Microbial Activity of a Clay Soil Amended with Glucose and Starch Under Live Oaks

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Tomás Martínez-Trinidad ◽  
W. Todd Watson ◽  
Michael Arnold ◽  
Leonardo Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Research was conducted to investigate the effect of glucose and starch on soil respiration under live oaks. Soil from a field-grown tree nursery was amended with glucose (C6H12O6), starch (C6H12O6)n, or a 50:50 mixture of both carbohydrates at increasing concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120 g/L). Solutions were applied once as 10-L drenches within 0.5 m from the trunks of live oaks (Quercus virginiana P. Miller). In a companion study, soil samples treated with the same carbohydrates and concentrations were studied under laboratory conditions. Carbon dioxide evolution was significantly impacted by glucose and starch applications. Glucose applications caused a significant increase in soil respiration compared with the control within a week after application, and it lasted two to three weeks. Elevated soil respiration was most noticeable in the field experiment for starch treatments; however, the increase in soil respiration for higher concentrations (120 g/L) did not become apparent until the fourth week after application and lasted eight to nine weeks. This knowledge about the differing durations and magnitude of glucose and starch on soil respiration may be useful for developing carbohydrate application regimes for soils where increase respiration is desirable for managing urban trees.

scholarly journals Unexpected results in Chernozem soil respiration while measuring the effect of a bio-fertilizer on soil microbial activity

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bautista ◽  
Bence Mátyás ◽  
Isabel Carpio ◽  
Richard Vilches ◽  
Karina Pazmino
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Optimal Moisture Content

The number of studies investigating the effect of bio-fertilizers is increasing because of their importance in sustainable agriculture and environmental quality. In our experiments, we measured the effect of different fertilizers on soil respiration. In the present study, we were looking for the cause of unexpected changes in CO2 values while examining Chernozem soil samples. We concluded that CO2 oxidizing microbes or methanotrophs may be present in the soil that periodically consume CO2 . This is unusual for a sample taken from the upper layer of well-ventilated Chernozem soil with optimal moisture content.

scholarly journals Unexpected results in Chernozem soil respiration while measuring the effect of a bio-fertilizer on soil microbial activity

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bautista ◽  
Bence Mátyás
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Optimal Moisture Content

The number of studies investigating the effect of bio-fertilizers is increasing because of their importance in sustainable agriculture and environmental quality. In our experiments, we measured the effect of different fertilizers on soil respiration. In the present study, we were looking for the cause of unexpected changes in CO2 values while examining Chernozem soil samples. We concluded that CO2 oxidizing microbes or methanotrophs may be present in the soil that periodically consume CO2 . This is unusual for a sample taken from the upper layer of well-ventilated Chernozem soil with optimal moisture content.

IMPACT OF MONTANE ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boutheyna Touafchia ◽  
Rached-Kanouni Malika ◽  
Kadi Zahia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Environmental Burdens ◽  
Very High

Environmental burdens are currently a significant determinant ofenvironmental quality. The occurrence of montane environmental burdens affects the environmental quality at the local, regional and supraregional levels, mostly to a negative extent. Environmental pollution, due to montane environmental burdens is accompanied by a reduction in environmental quality in all spheres of anthropogenic existence. It is for this reason that the presented article studies the occurrence of montane environmental burdens and their impact on environmental quality in individual regions of the Slovak Republic. In the analyses Analytic Hierarchy Process a multi-criteria decision-making method based on values of the weights in terms of the principles of the Saaty matrix – a quantification of synergistic interactions of indicators. The study concentrates on selected comparative years 2008, 2012, 2017 and 2021 and includes a matrix of their elimination. The results present a categorization of montane environmental loads in the Slovak Republic into categories of the environmental load (from very low to very high) on the environmental quality. In the summary matrix of a comprehensive assessment of montane environmental loads, negative indicators (55.65%) prevails over positive ones (44.35%) with a total scoring ratio of 0.80, i.e. III. category, the average impact on environmental quality.

scholarly journals Current occurrence and distribution of heterodera avenae in the Slovak Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Heterodera Avenae

During 2003 and 2004 the occurrence and distribution of <i>Heterodera avenae</i> (Woll.) in the cereal growing areas of the Slovak Republic was studied. 188 soil samples from 27 districts throughout the country were analysed; <i>Heterodera avenae</i> was present in 56.4% of the samples, at an incidence of 2–81 cysts in 100 g soil. At 87 localities the incidence of the parasite was low, at 15 it was medium, and high at 4 localities.

Soil respiration and microbial activity in a Mediterranean grassland exposed to Free Air CO2Enrichment (FACE)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baronti ◽  
R. Tognetti ◽  
G. Lanini ◽  
G. Tonon ◽  
A. Raschi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Free Air

scholarly journals Activity and Composition of the Denitrifying Bacterial Community Respond Differently to Long-Term Fertilization

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8335-8343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Enwall ◽  
Laurent Philippot ◽  
Sara Hallin
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Potential Denitrification ◽  
Basal Soil Respiration

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to explore the long-term effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on activity and composition of the denitrifying and total bacterial communities in arable soil. Soil from the following six treatments was analyzed in an experimental field site established in 1956: cattle manure, sewage sludge, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2SO4, and unfertilized and unfertilized bare fallow. All plots but the fallow were planted with corn. The activity was measured in terms of potential denitrification rate and basal soil respiration. The nosZ and narG genes were used as functional markers of the denitrifying community, and the composition was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of nosZ and restriction fragment length polymorphism of narG, together with cloning and sequencing. A fingerprint of the total bacterial community was assessed by ribosomal intergenic spacer region analysis (RISA). The potential denitrification rates were higher in plots treated with organic fertilizer than in those with only mineral fertilizer. The basal soil respiration rates were positively correlated to soil carbon content, and the highest rates were found in the plots with the addition of sewage sludge. Fingerprints of the nosZ and narG genes, as well as the RISA, showed significant differences in the corresponding communities in the plots treated with (NH4)2SO4 and sewage sludge, which exhibited the lowest pH. In contrast, similar patterns were observed among the other four treatments, unfertilized plots with and without crops and the plots treated with Ca(NO3)2 or with manure. This study shows that the addition of different fertilizers affects both the activity and the composition of the denitrifying communities in arable soil on a long-term basis. However, the treatments in which the denitrifying and bacterial community composition differed the most did not correspond to treatments with the most different activities, showing that potential activity was uncoupled to community composition.

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