scholarly journals Microbial Activity of a Clay Soil Amended with Glucose and Starch Under Live Oaks

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Tomás Martínez-Trinidad ◽  
W. Todd Watson ◽  
Michael Arnold ◽  
Leonardo Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Research was conducted to investigate the effect of glucose and starch on soil respiration under live oaks. Soil from a field-grown tree nursery was amended with glucose (C6H12O6), starch (C6H12O6)n, or a 50:50 mixture of both carbohydrates at increasing concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120 g/L). Solutions were applied once as 10-L drenches within 0.5 m from the trunks of live oaks (Quercus virginiana P. Miller). In a companion study, soil samples treated with the same carbohydrates and concentrations were studied under laboratory conditions. Carbon dioxide evolution was significantly impacted by glucose and starch applications. Glucose applications caused a significant increase in soil respiration compared with the control within a week after application, and it lasted two to three weeks. Elevated soil respiration was most noticeable in the field experiment for starch treatments; however, the increase in soil respiration for higher concentrations (120 g/L) did not become apparent until the fourth week after application and lasted eight to nine weeks. This knowledge about the differing durations and magnitude of glucose and starch on soil respiration may be useful for developing carbohydrate application regimes for soils where increase respiration is desirable for managing urban trees.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO SOBRE A REDUÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE MICROBIANA NA ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO CRESCIMENTO DO MILHO E RESPIRAÇÃO DO SOLO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Bruna Coelho de Lima ◽  
Fabio Fernando de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Basal Soil Respiration

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of organic matter and organic matter irradiated to the soil, on corn growth and soil respiration. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and microbiology laboratory. For organic fertilization, bovine manure was taken from the dairy farm. To reduce microbial activity in manure, the irradiation technique was used using the microwave oven. The experimental design was a completely randomized block containing five treatments, with and without irradiation and four replications. At 65 days after sowing, height and dry mass evaluations of plants were made. Soil samples were also collected for the evaluation of microbial activity by basal soil respiration method. The application of natural manure favored the greater microbial activity in the soil when compared to the same organic matter irradiated. Natural manure promoted the highest growth of maize indicating doses close to ten tons per hectare with a significant quadratic adjustment (p <0.05), which did not occur in the use of irradiated manure that provided linear adjustment.

scholarly journals Effect of Non-polar Extractable Substances on Soils and on Vegetation Cover from old Environmental Burdens

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Ivana Knapcová ◽  
Helena Hybská ◽  
Hana Ollerová ◽  
Dagmar Samešová ◽  
Ondrej Vacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Basal Soil Respiration ◽  
Environmental Burdens

This case study focuses on the assessment of the effect of soil pollution by gudrons disposed in landfills. Waste products are acid tars, called "gudron" in the Slovakian terminology. Gudrons are waste products resulting from sulphonation technologies used in oil processing. In the Slovak Republic, gudron landfills are risk localities and are classified as old environmental burdens. Non-polar extractable substances (NES) as well as the activity of soil cellulase and basal soil respiration in soil samples taken from four different distances from the pollution sources were analysed. The effect of landfills on vegetation was assessed by recording the number and cover of plants on the sampling points. Long-term and gradual gudron contamination of the surrounding areas from both landfills is evident and has been proven by monitored NES concentrations. The pollution progress was predicted by the use of logistical function (based on the NES indicator) due to the increasing distance from the sources of pollution. Comparison of these two areas showed markedly higher oil substances pollution in the soil samples taken from the surroundings of the landfill Predajna 2. Determined content of NES did not meet the criteria of permissible concentration in soil samples, not even at a distance of 150 m (< 0.1 mg kg-1 in compliance with the Law No. 220/2004 Coll.). When determining basal soil respiration, the production of CO2 corresponded with oil pollution determined by the NES indicator. High concentrations of NES hinder enzymatic cellulase activity. The decomposition of cellulose occurs only at lower concentrations of NES. It is possible to range the soils of lower NES concentrations (soils taken from the distances of 70 m and 150 m from Predajna 1; 110 m and 150 m from Predajna 2) among the soils with weak or middle soil cellulose activity. This indicates that microbial activity was detected in the soil samples, and the values of this microbial activity were higher due to a decrease of inhibitors caused by oil pollution. That total surface vegetation cover increases as distance from the landfills increases indicated the validity of these facts.

scholarly journals The effect of fertilization and crop rotation on soil chemical and biological properties. Field trials on a clay soil in Southern Finland

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-344
Author(s):  
Aila Mettälä ◽  
Maarit Koponen ◽  
Heikki Pirinen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Grass Ley

The effects of prolonged fertilizer use and crop rotation on microbial biomass and activity and nitrogen content in a clay soil in Southern Finland were investigated. Neither fertilization nor crop rotation had any lasting effect on the level of inorganic nitrogen: the low level observed in the spring before fertilization was found again in the autumn in both a monoculture and a rotation, irrespective of the fertilization level. The clover-grass ley nevertheless had a residual effect on yield, as the average yield over the total trial period was higher in the rotation. Even in the second year after the clover-grass ley, nearly double the quantity of nitrogen was mobilized in unfertilized plots as compared with the monoculture: 36.8 kg/ha and 21.0 kg/ha, respectively. Fertilization resulted in a slight increase in the abundance and activity of microbes. An increasing effect on straw decomposition was found up to the highest level of fertilization. Decomposition was equally effective in monoculture and rotation. At different levels of fertilization (0, 400, 800 and 1200 kg/ ha NPK containing 15% N), an average of 24, 29, 34 and 38 percent of the straw was decomposed during the growing season in the monoculture, and 25, 28, 32 and 37 per cent in the rotation. Carbon dioxide evolved during the growing seasons in unfertilized plots at the rate of 4.3 mmol/m2/h in monoculture and 4.9 mmol/m2/h in rotation. At a fertilizer level of 400 kg/ha the rates were 4.7 and 5.3 mmol/m2/h in monoculture and rotation, respectively. Maximum carbon dioxide was evolved at fertilization levels of 800 and 1200 kg/ha: 5.0 mmol/m2/h the monoculture and 5.8 mmol/m2/h in the rotation. Maximum ATP content and dehydrogenase activity were observed at the fertilization levels of 400 and 800 kg/ha and were slightly greater in the rotation than in the monoculture. Fertilization and crop rotation increased the soil microbial activity and biomass by a few ten per cent. In this trial, favourable conditions for plant growth were also found to favour microbial activity.

scholarly journals Unexpected results in Chernozem soil respiration while measuring the effect of a bio-fertilizer on soil microbial activity

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bautista ◽  
Bence Mátyás ◽  
Isabel Carpio ◽  
Richard Vilches ◽  
Karina Pazmino
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Optimal Moisture Content

The number of studies investigating the effect of bio-fertilizers is increasing because of their importance in sustainable agriculture and environmental quality. In our experiments, we measured the effect of different fertilizers on soil respiration. In the present study, we were looking for the cause of unexpected changes in CO2 values while examining Chernozem soil samples. We concluded that CO2 oxidizing microbes or methanotrophs may be present in the soil that periodically consume CO2 . This is unusual for a sample taken from the upper layer of well-ventilated Chernozem soil with optimal moisture content.

scholarly journals Unexpected results in Chernozem soil respiration while measuring the effect of a bio-fertilizer on soil microbial activity

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bautista ◽  
Bence Mátyás
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Optimal Moisture Content

The number of studies investigating the effect of bio-fertilizers is increasing because of their importance in sustainable agriculture and environmental quality. In our experiments, we measured the effect of different fertilizers on soil respiration. In the present study, we were looking for the cause of unexpected changes in CO2 values while examining Chernozem soil samples. We concluded that CO2 oxidizing microbes or methanotrophs may be present in the soil that periodically consume CO2 . This is unusual for a sample taken from the upper layer of well-ventilated Chernozem soil with optimal moisture content.

Soil response to chemicals used in a field experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jezierska-Tys ◽  
A. Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The effect of chemicals (Reglone 200 SL and Elastiq 550 EC) on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity was estimated. The study was conducted in a field experiment which was set up in the split-block design and comprised three treatments. Soil samples were taken six times, twice in each year of study. The results showed that the application of chemicals generally had no negative effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The application of Reglone 200 SL caused an increase of proteolytic and ureolytic activity and affected the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The soil subjected of Elastiq 550 EC was characterized by lower activity of dehydrogenases, protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase.

Microbial Activity Evolution during the Acclimation of a Mixed Culture to Phenol: Use of CO2 Evolution Rate as Indicator

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2049-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buitrón ◽  
A. Koefoed ◽  
B. Capdeville
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Evolution Rate ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution Rate ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Negative Effect

The microbial activity during the aerobic acclimation of activated sludge to phenol was studied. Carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER), measured in a sequencing batch reactor coupled to an infra-red system, was utilized as the activity control parameter. It was found that CER is representative of the microbial metabolism. Moreover, it was observed that starvation periods during acclimation had a negative effect on biodegradation rate.

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