scholarly journals Value Added Tax Efficiency in the Western Balkan Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Large Share ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Consumption Taxes

An important feature of the tax systems of the Western Balkan countries is the large share of consumption taxes in total tax revenue. Despite its relatively short existence, VAT in particular has proven to be an important fiscal tool, due to its many advantages. The aim of the article is to outline the main developments in VAT in these countries in the past two decades and to analyse its efficiency. The main result of the article is that the tax has good overall revenue performance in the Western Balkans, as measured with the C-efficiency ratio.

scholarly journals Компаративна анализа пореза на потрошњу у земљама бивше Југославије // A comparative analysis of consumption taxes in former Yugoslav countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Славен Савић
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Consumption Taxes ◽  
Excise Duties

Резиме: У савременим пореским системима порези на потрошњу заузимају значајно место. Посебно је то важно у случају пореза на додату вредност, иако и акцизе у значајној мери доприносе пуњењу државног буџета. Ако се постави одговарајућа законска регулатива ових пореза, а посебно уколико се они правилно примењују, ефекти не могу изостати. Међутим, значај неког пореског облика не може се посматрати искључиво са фискалног аспекта. Једнако важно питање је и њихово учешће у бруто друштвеном производу, као и у личној и финалној потрошњи. Овај рад има за циљ да на основу компаративне анализе пореских система међусобно сличних, а опет различитих земаља, идентификује факторе који су доводили до разлика у динамици кретања одређених пореских категорија у анализираним земљама.Summary: In modern tax systems consumption taxes occupy a significant place. This is particularly important in the case of value added tax, although excise duties approximately equally contribute to filling the country’s budget. If appropriate legislation of these taxes is set, and especially if they are properly implemented, the effects can not be excluded. However, the importance of some form of taxation can not be viewed solely from a fiscal point of view. Equally important is the question of their participation in the gross domestic product, as well as in personal and final consumption. The purpose of this study is to provide comparative analysis of tax systems in several similar, yet different countries, identifying the factors that have led to differences in the dynamics of the movement of certain tax categories in the analyzed countries.

scholarly journals Tax Revenue, Tax Reform and Government Expenditure: The Case of Nigerian Economy (1994 – 2017)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Chinedu Jonathan Ndubuisi ◽  
Onyekachi Louis Ezeokwelume ◽  
Ruth Onyinyechi Maduka
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Excise Duties

The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of tax revenue and years tax reforms on government expenditure in Nigerian. Tax revenue were explained using custom and excise duties, company income tax, value-added tax and tax reforms explained by the years in which reforms took place measured by dummy variables as proxies. In conducting this research, an annual time series data from central bank statistical bulletins and Federal Inland revenue Service of Nigeria spanning from 1994-2017 were employed. The data were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dicker-Fuller Unit Root Test and found stationary at first difference. The Johansen co-integration test was also conducted and showed that the variables are co-integrated at the 5% level, which implied that there is a long-run relationship between the variables in the model. The presence of co-integration spurred the use of vector error correction model and VEC granger causality to determine the effects and decision for the study objective. Findings revealed that Customs and Excise Duties has positive (3.96) and significant (-8.38) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=8.38>1.96), Company Income Tax has negative (-1.25) and significant (2.98) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=2.98>1.96), Value added tax has positive (8.54) and significant (3.90) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=3.90>1.96) and Tax reforms periods has negative(-3.52E+12) and significant (8.39) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=8.39>1.96). The study thus concluded that tax revenue and tax reforms significantly affect the Nigerian economy with the direction of causation running from government revenue to government expenditure, supporting the revenue-spend or tax-spend hypothesis.  It was recommended while seeking to increase its revenue base via tax should also increase their expenditure profile to create a balance with the tax revenue and every other tax reform should be geared towards this balance.

Trends in Collection of Value Added Tax in West Bengal: A Commentary

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
H. K. Dwivedi ◽  
Sudip Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
National Economic

As per constitutional provisions of Indian federal finance, value added tax (VAT) (and sales tax) is the main source of revenue for the state government. Value added tax (including sales tax) collected by the Directorate of Commercial Taxes, West Bengal, accounts for approximately 62 per cent of state’s own tax revenue (SOTR). Studies on collection of taxes suggest that revenue from all taxes not only depends directly on the nature and growth of the tax base but depends also on other factors such as economic reforms, global and national economic condition and tax effort of the tax collecting department. The motivation of this article is to try to analyze the nature of the trends in collection of VAT in West Bengal during recent years and to find out the effect of different explanatory variables on collection of VAT. JEL Classification: H26, H71, H3

How Pro-Poor and Income Equitable Are Tourism Taxation Policies in a Developing Country? Evidence from a Computable General Equilibrium Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Mahadevan ◽  
Hidayat Amir ◽  
Anda Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Resource Misallocation

This article highlights the impacts on poverty, income inequality, and the macroeconomic and sectoral output resulting from increases in the value-added tax and sales tax on hotels and restaurants using Indonesia as a case study. While taxing tourism-related sectors was ineffective in reducing poverty and income inequality, using tax revenue from the value-added tax as a cash transfer policy was effective and more so in rural Indonesia. Tax revenue used for infrastructural development was however limited in its impact on poverty and income distribution. Overall, the negative effects of taxation on various industries and the contraction of GDP and employment in the economy need to be mitigated. This can be done with an appropriate policy mix for the use of tax revenue between cash transfers and expenditure in education and health, with the view to address potential resource misallocation and output contraction in other industries.

scholarly journals Impact of Value Added Tax to Enugu’s Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
MARIA LUISA GONZALES ◽  
FRIDAY ODE
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT           Value-added tax is everywhere; it is in the most of goods and services we purchase. Take for instance; when we go to the salon to get our hair done, when we gas up our car, vat is also included in what we pay.  In the Philippines, the value-added tax is a form of sales tax. It is a tax on the consumption levied on the sale, barter exchange, or lease of goods, properties, and services in the Philippines, and on importation of goods into the country, it is an indirect tax that may be shifted or passed into the buyer transferring lease of goods, properties or services. While in Nigeria, VAT is a Federal Government Tax that is administered using the existing machinery of the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS). This study assessed the impact of value-added tax on Enugu Nigeria’s Economy, specifically to Government, Business Organizations, and Consumers, the problems identified, significant relationships, and the solutions recommended. The findings revealed that VAT has a significant impact on business organizations and consumers but positively on the part of the government. Recommendation for the improvement is for the consumer with low average earnings should be exempted in paying the VAT provided however, criteria must be set to exempt them in VAT. Keyword: Social Sciences, Impact, Value added Tax, Revenue, descriptive research design, Philippines

scholarly journals Role of Value Added Tax in Total Tax Revenue: An Empirical Study of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ananta Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the role of Value Added Tax (VAT) in total tax of Nepal. Tax is the main sources of government revenue. There are different kinds of tax systems used in the world. The concept of VAT had been introduced in 1919 A D from Germany as a new concept of indirect tax system of the world. VAT system have introduced from 1995 A D in Nepal. The specific objectives are to analyse the trend of VAT and to examine the correlation between VAT with total revenue and total tax revenue in Nepal. This study is based on secondary data, which are incorporated from the Ministry of Finance and other related government as well as non-government organizations. Both analytical and descriptive statistics are applied as methods in this study. At the process of data analysis some statistical tools like regression, correlation, etc. are used. The study shows that VAT has significant percentage in total revenue and total tax revenue in Nepal. There are more than 99 present variations due to VAT in total revenue, total tax revenue and indirect tax revenue. All these relationship are significant as r >6 PEr everywhere. Thus, VAT has significant contribution in government revenue of Nepal. But the system of VAT must be improved to increase its effectiveness through the government policy level and increase awareness tax payers about baling system of VAT.

Problem of expanding the management of VAT to the synthetic tax centers of DR Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-260
Author(s):  
Luc Mwenelwata Butindi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Resource Mobilisation

The tax reform to replace turnover tax with value-added tax (VAT) in Congolese tax legislation, in order to broaden the tax base, was justified by the government’s desire to increase levels of state revenue. This tax was introduced in 2010 and implemented in 2012. Although its contribution has improved the level of tax revenue, certain managerial aspects linked to it have not been exploited to significantly improve resource mobilisation objectives. In particular, the fixed threshold has excluded certain structures, the synthetic tax centres in particular, who are in direct contact with the vast majority of consumers, from the management of this tax.

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