scholarly journals Impact of hygienic and social distancing measures against SARS-CoV-2 on respiratory infections caused by other viruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Reina ◽  
◽  
Ricardo M. Arcay ◽  
María Busquets ◽  
Herminia Machado
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Contact Material ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. To control the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, the implementation of social and hygienic confinement measures was determined in all countries. These measures reduce the circulation of most respiratory viruses that are transmitted preferentially by air and contact. Material and methods. The impact of these measures on non-Covid respiratory viruses during the period August-December 2020 and 2019 has been comparatively analyzed. To all nasopharyngeal aspirates that were negative against SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and the suspicion of acute respiratory infection persisted, were subjected to a new RT-PCR that simultaneously and differentially amplifies 21 different respiratory viruses. Results. In the year of the pandemic, a 36.6% decrease was detected in the number of respiratory samples studied and 66% in their positivity in relation to 2019. All viruses showed reduction percentages of between 40-100%. The only viruses that circulated during and after national lockdown were rhinovirus (74.1%), adenovirus (10.1%), and enterovirus (9.6%). Conclusion. The measures used to control the SARS-CoV-2 infection have also affected the community circulation of most respiratory viruses including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.

Impact of pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease with hemodynamic repercussion on the severity of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age at a pediatric referral center in Colombia, South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1866-1873
Author(s):  
Diego A. Lozano-Espinosa ◽  
Victor M. Huertas-Quiñones ◽  
Carlos E. Rodríguez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractBackground:Acute respiratory infection is one of the main causes of morbidity in children. Some studies have suggested that pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease with haemodynamic repercussion increase the severity of respiratory infections, but there are few publications in developing countries.Methods:This was a prospective cohort study evaluating the impact of pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease (CHD) with haemodynamic repercussion as predictors of severity in children under 5 years of age hospitalised for acute respiratory infection.Results:Altogether, 217 children hospitalised for a respiratory infection who underwent an echocardiogram were evaluated; 62 children were diagnosed with CHD with haemodynamic repercussion or pulmonary hypertension. Independent predictors of admission to intensive care included: pulmonary hypertension (RR 2.14; 95% CI 1.06–4.35, p = 0.034), respiratory syncytial virus (RR 2.52; 95% CI 1.29–4.92, p = 0.006), and bacterial pneumonia (RR 3.09; 95% CI 1.65–5.81, p = 0.000). A significant difference was found in average length of hospital stay in children with the cardiovascular conditions studied (p = 0.000).Conclusions:Pulmonary hypertension and CHD with haemodynamic repercussion as well as respiratory syncytial virus and bacterial pneumonia were predictors of severity in children with respiratory infections in this study. Early recognition of cardiovascular risks in paediatric populations is necessary to lessen the impact on respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Public activities preceding the onset of acute respiratory infection syndromes in adults in England - implications for the use of social distancing to control pandemic respiratory infections.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Hayward ◽  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Anne M. Johnson ◽  
Ellen B. Fragaszy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Seasonal Adjustment ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Eating Out

Background: Social distancing measures may reduce the spread of emerging respiratory infections however, there is little empirical data on how exposure to crowded places affects risk of acute respiratory infection. Methods: We used a case-crossover design nested in a community cohort to compare self-reported measures of activities during the week before infection onset and baseline periods. The design eliminates the effect of non-time-varying confounders. Time-varying confounders were addressed by exclusion of illnesses around the Christmas period and seasonal adjustment.  Results: 626 participants had paired data from the week before 1005 illnesses and the week before baseline. Each additional day of undertaking the following activities in the prior week was associated with illness onset: Spending more than five minutes in a room with someone (other than a household member) who has a cold (Seasonally adjusted OR 1·15, p=0·003); use of underground trains (1·31, p=0·036); use of supermarkets (1·32, p<0·001); attending a theatre, cinema or concert (1·26, p=0·032); eating out at a café, restaurant or canteen (1·25, p=0·003); and attending parties (1·47, p<0·001). Undertaking the following activities at least once in the previous week was associated with illness onset: using a bus, (aOR 1.48, p=0.049), shopping at small shops (1.9, p<0.002) attending a place of worship (1.81, p=0.005).    Conclusions: Exposure to potentially crowded places, public transport and to individuals with a cold increases risk of acquiring circulating acute respiratory infections. This suggests social distancing measures can have an important impact on slowing transmission of emerging respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Interactions among common non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their circulation in New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haokun Yuan ◽  
Alice Yeung ◽  
Wan Yang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and voluntary behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced the circulation of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections. We aimed to examine interactions among common non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus and further estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these viruses. Methods We analyzed incidence data for seven groups of respiratory viruses in New York City (NYC) during Oct 2015 - May 2021 (i.e., before and during the COVID-19 pandemic). We first used elastic net regression to identify potential virus interactions and further examined the robustness of the found interactions by comparing the performance of Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models with and without the interactions. We then used the models to compute counterfactual estimates of cumulative incidence and estimate the reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic period from March 2020 to May 2021, for each virus. Results We identified potential interactions for three endemic human coronaviruses (CoV-NL63, CoV-HKU, and CoV-OC43), parainfluenza (PIV)-1, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We found significant reductions (by ~70-90%) in cumulative incidence of CoV-OC43, CoV-229E, human metapneumovirus, PIV-2, PIV-4, RSV, and influenza virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, the circulation of adenovirus and rhinovirus was less affected. Conclusions Circulation of several respiratory viruses has been low during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may lead to increased population susceptibility. It is thus important to enhance monitoring of these viruses and promptly enact measures to mitigate their health impacts (e.g., influenza vaccination campaign and hospital infection prevention) in the coming months.

scholarly journals Estimating Transmission Parameters for Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Predicting the Impact of Maternal and Pediatric Vaccination

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_7) ◽  
pp. S688-S694
Author(s):  
Michiel van Boven ◽  
Anne C Teirlinck ◽  
Adam Meijer ◽  
Mariëtte Hooiveld ◽  
Christiaan H van Dorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Pediatric Vaccination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transmission Models

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract illness in young children and a major cause of hospital admissions globally. Methods Here we fit age-structured transmission models with immunity propagation to data from the Netherlands (2012–2017). Data included nationwide hospitalizations with confirmed RSV, general practitioner (GP) data on attendance for care from acute respiratory infection, and virological testing of acute respiratory infections at the GP. The transmission models, equipped with key parameter estimates, were used to predict the impact of maternal and pediatric vaccination. Results Estimates of the basic reproduction number were generally high (R0 &gt; 10 in scenarios with high statistical support), while susceptibility was estimated to be low in nonelderly adults (&lt;10% in persons 20–64 years) and was higher in older adults (≥65 years). Scenario analyses predicted that maternal vaccination reduces the incidence of infection in vulnerable infants (&lt;1 year) and shifts the age of first infection from infants to young children. Conclusions Pediatric vaccination is expected to reduce the incidence of infection in infants and young children (0–5 years), slightly increase incidence in 5 to 9-year-old children, and have minor indirect benefits.

IMPACT OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON MORBIDITY FROM DIARRHEA NAD ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AMONG MALNOURISHED CHILDREN AGED UNDER 5 YEARS AT HUONG HO COMMUNNE, HUONG TRA DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2011 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Thu Cu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Zinc Supplement ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children Under 5

Tittle: study the impact of Zinc supplement on acute respiratory infection and diarrhea in children under 5 yrs at Huong ho commune, Huong tra district, Thua Thien Hue province. Background: diarhea and pneumonia are two common diseases in malnutrition children. The studies showed that zinc is a microsubstance to improve the immune capacicty of children. Many studies showed that malnutrition children gone with zinc deficiency. The study is aim to assess the impact of zinc supplement on malnutrition children with diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI). Population and study methods: Population: 129 malnutrition children under 5 yrs living at Huong ho commune, Huong tra district, Thua Thien Hue province. Study methods: intervene at community with control group. 2 groups of children have the similarity of age, sex, level of malnutrition, avarage weight. Study group: supplement with Zinc 10 mg/day x 30 days. Control group: no zinc supplement. Both groups were followed up about diarrhea and ARI every week in 6 months. Result: In 6 months, there was 24,6% of children in study group has the diseases while in control group was 43,7% (p<0,05). Avarage time of diarrhea per period in study group was shorter significantly than in control group (4,1±0,8 vs 6,0±1,4) (p<0,01). There was no diferrence in average diarrhea period, incidence of diarrhea between study group and control group. There still did not find out the difference in ARI period, incidence of ARI between study group and control group. Conclusion: Zinc supplement for malnutrition children is to reduce the general acquired rate of diarrhea and ARI, especially to reduce the time of diarrhea period. This study did not find out the improvement of acquired ARI in study group with zince supplement. Keywords: Malnutrition, zinc, diarrhea

Survey of WU and KI polyomaviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and parechovirus in children under 5 years of age in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Sadat Aghamirmohammadali ◽  
Kaveh Sadeghi ◽  
Nazanin Zahra Shafiei-Jandaghi ◽  
Zahra Khoban ◽  
Talat Mokhtari-Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) remain an important cause for childhood morbid- ity worldwide. We designed a research with the objective of finding the frequency of respiratory viruses, particularly WU and KI polyomaviruses (WUPyV & KIPyV), human coronaviruses (HCoVs), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) in hospitalized children who were influenza negative. Materials and Methods: Throat swabs were collected from children younger than 5 years who have been hospitalized for SARI and screened for WUPyV, KIPyV, HCoVs, HRSV and HPeV using Real time PCR. Results: A viral pathogen was identified in 23 (11.16%) of 206 hospitalized children with SARI. The rate of virus detection was considerably greater in infants <12 months (78.2%) than in older children (21.8%). The most frequently detected vi- ruses were HCoVs with 7.76% of positive cases followed by KIPyV (2%) and WUPyV (1.5%). No HPeV and HRSV were detected in this study. Conclusion: This research shown respiratory viruses as causes of childhood acute respiratory infections, while as most of mentioned viruses usually causes mild respiratory diseases, their frequency might be higher in outpatient children. Mean- while as HRSV is really sensitive to inactivation due to environmental situations and its genome maybe degraded, then for future studies, we need to use fresh samples for HRSV detection. These findings addressed a need for more studies on viral respiratory tract infections to help public health.

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