Effects of long-term different fertilization regimes on the diversity of weed communities in oilseed rape fields under rice-oilseed rape cropping system

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ruhai ◽  
Qiang Sheng ◽  
Qiu Duosheng ◽  
Chu Qiuhua ◽  
Pan Genxing
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weed Communities

Weed Communities in Strip-Tillage Corn/No-Tillage Soybean Rotation and Chisel-Plow Corn Systems after 10 Years of Variable Management

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-661
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M. Drewitz ◽  
David E. Stoltenberg
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Strip Tillage

AbstractPrevious research has shown that strip-tillage (ST) systems conserve soil, reduce production costs, and save time for growers compared with intensive-tillage systems. In contrast to these well-documented benefits, we have limited information on weed community dynamics and management risks in ST corn (Zea maysL.) production systems in the northern Corn Belt. Therefore, we conducted research in 2015 and 2016 to characterize weed community composition, emergence patterns, and aboveground productivity in an ST corn/no-tillage (NT) soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotation that was established in 2007 compared with a long-term intensive-tillage chisel-plow (CP) continuous-corn system. Fifteen or more weed species were identified in nontreated quadrats in each cropping system in each year. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) was the most abundant weed species across systems and years.Chenopodium albumdensities were similar between CP and ST corn phases and were approximately 2-fold greater compared with the NT soybean phase. Other abundant weed species occurred at much lower densities thanC. album. In each year, cumulative emergence of nontreated weed communities was described best by a logistic function in each cropping system. Maximum weed community emergence was greater in CP corn than ST corn phases in 2015, but did not differ in 2016. In the ST corn phase, most (about 75%) weed community emergence occurred in the in-row (tilled) zone compared with the between-row (nondisturbed) zone. Total late-season weed shoot biomass did not differ between nontreated CP and ST corn phases in either year, withC. albumaccounting for >85% of total weed biomass in these phases. These results suggest that weed community composition, total emergence, and productivity were similar between CP and ST corn phases after 10 yr. Our findings, coupled with previous research that showed favorable agronomic performance and greater soil conservation associated with the long-term ST corn/NT soybean system, suggest that production risks are no greater than a CP corn system, while processes that underpin ecosystem services are enhanced. These results provide strong evidence to support grower adoption of ST practices as an alternative to intensive tillage.

The long-term persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in arable fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. W. LUTMAN ◽  
S. E. FREEMAN ◽  
C. PEKRUN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Decline Curves

The present paper reports on three sets of experiments exploring the persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The first, where known numbers of seeds were buried in September 1991 in two field experiments, demonstrated substantial initial losses of seeds, such that only 0·2 and 3·8% of seeds were still present after 4 months. In these experiments, which were not disturbed by mechanical cultivation, there was little evidence of further decline over the following 13 months. In the second of the two experiments, seeds were then left undisturbed for a further 136 months. A mean of 1·8% of seeds were still present after this period, providing further confirmation of the lack of decline in seed numbers in these undisturbed conditions. In the second pair of experiments, known numbers of seeds of three rape cultivars were broadcast onto plots and then either ploughed into the soil immediately after the start of the experiments, or were exposed to weekly shallow tine cultivation followed by ploughing after 4 weeks. The former created a larger seedbank than the latter. The experiments were then ploughed, annually (Expt 1) or at less frequent intervals (Expt 2); appreciable numbers of seeds survived for 65 months in both. Calculations based on exponential decline curves indicated that 95% seed loss would take 15–39 months, depending on the site, cultivar and initial post-harvest stubble treatment. The third part of the paper is based on more detailed studies of persistence of seeds of six cultivars in Petri dishes and buried in 25 cm pots. This work confirmed that cultivars differed in their persistence, as Apex was confirmed as highly persistent, whereas Rebel was short-lived. There were inconsistencies in the response of cultivar Synergy between the Petri-dish and pot experiment, which need further study. This experiment also reinforced the conclusion of the initial field experiments that little seed loss occurs in the absence of cultivations. Appreciable numbers of rape seeds will persist up to 4 years, in normal cropping conditions and in the absence of cultivation one experiment has confirmed persistence for over 11 years.

Effect of long-term nutrient management practices on soil health and paddy yield of rice-rice-fallow cropping system in tropic humid climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 103362
Author(s):  
Umme Aminun Naher ◽  
Md Mozammel Haque ◽  
Faruk Hossain Khan ◽  
Md Imran Ullah Sarkar ◽  
Tahmid Hossain Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Paddy Yield

scholarly journals Long-Term Green Manure Rotations Improve Soil Biochemical Properties, Yield Sustainability and Nutrient Balances in Acidic Paddy Soil under a Rice-Based Cropping System

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qaswar ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Dongchu Li ◽  
Shujun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Sustainability ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Winter Fallow

Cultivation of green manure (GM) crops in intensive cropping systems is important for enhancing crop productivity through soil quality improvement. We investigated yield sustainability, nutrient stocks, nutrient balances and enzyme activities affected by different long-term (1982–2016) green manure rotations in acidic paddy soil in a double-rice cropping system. We selected four treatments from a long-term experiment, including (1) rice-rice-winter fallow as a control treatment (R-R-F), (2) rice-rice-milkvetch (R-R-M), (3) rice-rice-rapeseed (R-R-R), and (4) rice-rice-ryegrass (R-R-G). The results showed that different GM rotations increased grain yield and the sustainable yield index compared with those of the R-R-F treatment. Compared with those of R-R-F, the average grain yield of early rice in R-R-M, R-R-R, and R-R-G increased by 45%, 29%, and 27%, respectively and that of late rice increased by 46%, 28%, and 26%, respectively. Over the years, grain yield increased in all treatments except R-R-F. Green manure also improved the soil chemical properties (SOM and total and available N and P), except soil pH, compared to those of the control treatment. During the 1983–1990 cultivation period, the soil pH of the R-R-M treatment was lower than that of the R-R-F treatment. The addition of green manure did not mitigate the soil acidification caused by the use of inorganic fertilizers. The soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and stocks of C, N and P increased over the years. Furthermore, GM significantly increased phosphatase and urease activities and decreased the apparent N and P balances compared with those in the winter fallow treatment. Variance partitioning analysis revealed that soil properties, cropping systems, and climatic factors significantly influenced annual grain yield. Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis quantified the relative influences of the different soil properties on annual grain yield and showed that the relative influences of TN content, SOM, pH, and TP content on annual crop yield were 27.8%, 25.7%, 22.9%, and 20.7%, respectively. In conclusion, GM rotation is beneficial for sustaining high crop yields by improving soil biochemical properties and reducing N and P balances in acidic soil under double- rice cropping systems.

Fate of photosynthesized carbon as regulated by long–term tillage management in a dryland wheat cropping system

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 107581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Mo ◽  
Ye–Ye Zhang ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Zi–Ting Wang ◽  
Kai–Liang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System
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