Effects of tillage, mulching and N management on yield, water productivity, N uptake and residual soil nitrate in a long-term wheat-summer maize cropping system

Abstract Aims: In the absence of tillage, perennial rice is an innovation and supplement to rice production. Evaluating crop N uptake and N requirements and maintaining soil N balance are essential for informing decisions regarding optimal N management and the accessibility of the soil environment benefits of perennial rice cropping systems. Methods: To assess the soil nitrogen cycle and balance, formulate optimal N fertilizer management for perennial rice, a field experiment with four nitrogen rates (N0, N1, N2 and N3 refer to 0, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1, respectively) integrated with three planting densities (D1, D2 and D3 refer to 100×103, 167×103 and 226×103 plants ha-1, respectively) was conducted for two years over four seasons (2016-2017) in southern China. Results: The results showed that N2D3 mode could sustainably produce higher dry matter accumulation (15.15 t ha-1) and grain yields (7.67 t ha-1) over four seasons, showed significantly higher N uptake (201 kg ha-1 each season) and less soil N loss (27.1%). Additionally, the N2D3 mode could reach the optimal N balance (-0.2 kg ha-1) in perennial rice fields with low N requirements (23.9 kg N Mg-1 grain), resulting in higher N use efficiency (NAE: 26.5 kg N kg-1, NRE: 64.9%). Conclusion: In the perennial rice cropping system, 180 kg N ha-1 integrated with 226×103 plants ha-1 resulted in higher grain yields with lower N requirements, higher N use efficiencies, and lower soil N losses, thereby maintaining the soil N balance for sustainable perennial rice production.

Download Full-text

Season of year effect on response of orchardgrass to N fertilizer in a maritime climate

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-189 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 129-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Bittman ◽

B. J. Zebarth ◽

C. G. Kowalenko ◽

D. E. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

N Uptake ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Year Effect ◽

Nitrate Concentrations

This study compared the response of harvests taken in May, June, August and September-October in terms of crop responses (yield, N uptake, and concentrations of crude protein and nitrate) to N fertilizer and residual soil nitrate and ammonium. Three trials were conducted in south coastal British Columbia in 1990–1992 to evaluate the response of an established sward of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) to a range of N fertilizer rates. Both yields and daily crop growth rates were highest in cut 1, lowest in cut 4 and intermediate in cuts 2 and 3. For all four cuts, 95 and 90% of maximum yield was attained at about 136 and 82 kg ha-1 of applied N, respectively. Crop N supply from non-fertilizer sources ranged from 36 to 90 kg N ha-1, of which about 52% was attributed to nitrate present in the soil prior to growth and about 48% was N released from the soil, translocated from roots or deposited from the atmosphere. At 95% of maximum yield, crude protein concentrations ranged from 147 g kg-1 in the higher yielding cut 1 to 189 g kg-1 in cuts 2 and 4, while at 90% of maximum yield concentrations were 10 g kg-1 lower in each cut. Plant nitrate concentrations were close to levels that are toxic to cattle for the 95% target yield, but relatively safe at the 90% yield. The crop removed about 50 kg ha-1 more N when fertilized for 95% of maximum yield than for 90%, which translates to over 300 kg ha-1 more crude protein. High relative yield leaves behind more soil nitrate after harvest. The results suggest that the first cut should be managed for 95% of maximum yield with about 130 kg N ha-1. Cuts 2 and 3 should be managed for 90% of maximum yield, to avoid high plant nitrate concentrations, with 100–110 kg N ha-1. Cut 4 should be given no more than 50 kg N ha-1 for less than 90% of maximum yield because of the risk of residual soil nitrates. This study shows for the first time the benefits and disadvantages of applying N at different rates for each harvest over the growing season. Key words: Plant nitrate, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen recovery, Dactylis glomerata, relative yield, maximum economic yield

Download Full-text

N-MANAGEMENT AND CROP ROTATION EFFECTS ON YIELD AND RESIDUAL SOIL NITRATE LEVELS1

Soil Science ◽

10.1097/00010694-200108000-00004 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 166 (8) ◽

pp. 530-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Bakhsh ◽

R. S. Kanwar ◽

D. L. Karlen ◽

C. A. Cambardella ◽

T. B. Bailey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

N Management

Download Full-text

Assessing Crop and Water Productivity Performance of Different Crops and Cropping Systems

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-5481 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ramesh Kumar ◽

R.S. Yadav ◽

Amit Kumawat ◽

Vinay Nangia ◽

N.D. Yadava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Use ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Water Productivity ◽

N Uptake ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Cropping System ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Study Region

Background: Freshwater in sufficient quantity and adequate quality is a prerequisite for human societies and natural ecosystems. To adequately feed 9.3 billion people in 2050, consumptive water use (i.e. transpired water) by all food and fodder crops needs to increase from its present estimated level of 7000 km3/year to 12,586 km3/year. However, fresh water resources are increasingly getting scarce because of increased competition among a multitude of users. Getting agriculture to perform with progressively smaller allocation of renewable water resources will remain a challenge on global scale. To meet the challenge there is an urgent need to improve the crop water productivity to ensure the sustainability of agriculture. Methods: An experiment was carried out at village Menawali, Hanumangarh, Rajasthan during both kharif and rabi seasons to assess productivity, economics, N-uptake and water use of different crops. An area of 187 ha comprising 25 farmers irrigated by common irrigation channels were selected to collect the information. The information required i.e. soil, crop management, growth, phonological, yields, water balance, N-uptake and water use efficiency of each crops were collected from 15 farmers. Bt-cotton and clusterbean of kharif and wheat and Indian mustard in rabi were prominent crops, cotton-wheat, cotton-mustard, clusterbean-wheat and clusterbean-mustard were major cropping sequences of the study region. Result: In kharif season, Bt-cotton gave higher economic yields than clusterbean and amongst rabi season crops, economic yields of wheat and mustard were 4255, 1778 kg/ha, respectively. The economic yield of cropping sequences varied from 3741-6514 kg/ha and were higher for cotton-wheat (6218 kg/ha), intermediate for clusterbean-wheat (5785 kg/ha) and lower for cotton-mustard (3741 kg/ha) and clusterbean-mustard (3308 kg/ha). The cotton-wheat (₹1181.2 mm) sequence had highest water use. Clusterbean-wheat cropping system recorded highest water productivity (16.5 kg/ha mm) followed by clusterbean-mustard (14.9 kg/ha mm). The clusterbean-mustard (₹456/ha mm) cropping sequence was most profitable and fetched highest net return followed by clusterbean-wheat (₹383/ha mm).

Download Full-text

Drainage Conditions Influence Corn-Nitrogen Management in the US Upper Midwest

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2491

Author(s):

Gabriel Dias Paiao ◽

Fabián G. Fernández ◽

Seth L. Naeve

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Soil N ◽

Soil Drainage ◽

Upper Midwest ◽

The Us ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

N Management

Soil drainage is not considered in the N fertilizer guidelines for corn (Zea mays L.) in the US Midwest. This study investigated the influence of soil drainage on corn grain yield, N requirement, and residual soil N, and evaluated the utility of in-season soil N measurements to guide N application. This 6-year study in Minnesota, US on a corn–soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) rotation had drained and undrained conditions and six at planting (PL) (0–225 in 45 kg N ha−1 increments) and four split (SP) N fertilizer rates (at planting/V6-V8—45/45, 45/90, 45/135, 45/179 kg N ha−1). The drained compared to undrained soil produced 8% more grain yield (12.8 vs. 11.9 Mg ha−1), 12% more N uptake (169 vs. 151 kg N ha−1), 16% lower optimal N rate (ONR) (160 vs. 193 kg N ha−1), 3.1% greater grain yield at ONR (13.5 vs. 13.1 Mg ha−1), and similar in season and residual soil N. Compared to SP, PL lowered ONR (151 vs. 168 kg N ha−1) in drained soils, and the opposite occurred for undrained soils (206 vs. 189 kg N ha−1). These results substantiate the agronomic benefits of artificial drainage and the need to incorporate drainage conditions into N management guidelines.

Download Full-text

Cassava Leaf Compost Influences Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Rice

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i930268 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

Nazmul Huq Hawlader ◽

Md. Solaiman Ali Fakir ◽

Masum Ahmad ◽

Habibun Nesa ◽

Md. Mustafizur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

N Uptake ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Leaf Compost ◽

Synthetic Fertilizers

The application of compost as alternatives to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers is considered a feasible agricultural practice to mitigate soil degradation caused by long term application of synthetic fertilizers. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of cassava leaf compost on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of rice. Six treatments of two rice varieties (BRRI dhan29 and BINA dhan5) and three sources of nitrogen (Control - no nitrogen applied but residual soil N was 0.123%, urea @ 200 kg ha-1 and Cassava Leaf Compost @ 10 t ha-1) were used in this study. Cassava Leaf Compost @ 10 t ha-1 and urea @ 200 kg ha-1 significantly increased effective tillers per hill, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield were 12.84 and 13.75, 25.00 g and 24.93 g, 5.57 t ha-1 and 6.047 t ha-1, respectively. Cassava Leaf Compost @ 10 t ha-1 and urea @ 200 kg ha-1 increased N uptake in root is 0.821% and 0.756%, and the residual effect of compost increased C, N, P, K and S availability in soil for the succeeding crop in Cassava Leaf Compost @ 10 t ha-1 applied plots. Carbon and N mineralization rates were higher than control and soils receiving recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers. Our findings suggested that compost could be used as biofertilizer to improve degraded cropland soils for sustainable agriculture.

Download Full-text

Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in a double cropping cereal rotation as affected by nitrogen and straw management

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-10-13191-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 13191-13229 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. Huang ◽

B. Gao ◽

P. Christie ◽

X. Ju

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cropping System ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Summer Maize ◽

Straw Management ◽

Double Cropping ◽

Straw Return ◽

Greenhouse Gas Intensity ◽

N Management

Abstract. The effects of nitrogen and straw management on global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in a winter wheat–summer maize double-cropping system on the North China Plain were investigated. We measured nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and studied net GWP (NGWP) and GHGI by calculating the net exchange of CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) from greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural inputs and management practices, and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), based on a long-term field experiment established in 2006. The field experiment includes six treatments with three fertilizer N levels (zero-N control, optimum and conventional N) and straw removal (i.e. N0, Nopt and Ncon) or return (i.e. N0, Nopt and SNcon). Optimum N management (Nopt, SNopt) saved roughly half of the fertilizer N compared to conventional agricultural practice (Ncon, SNcon) with no significant effect on grain yields. Annual mean N2O emissions reached 3.90 kg N2O-N ha−1 in Ncon and SNcon, and N2O emissions were reduced by 46.9% by optimizing N management of Nopt and SNopt. Straw return increased annual mean N2O emissions by 27.9%. Annual SOC sequestration was 0.40–1.44 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in plots with N application and/or straw return. Compared to the conventional N treatments the optimum N treatments reduced NGWP by 51%, comprising 25% from decreasing N2O emissions and 75% from reducing N fertilizer application rates. Straw return treatments reduced NGWP by 30% compared to no straw return because the GWP from increments of SOC offset the GWP from higher emissions of N2O, N fertilizer and fuel after straw return. The GHGI trends from the different nitrogen and straw management practices were similar to the NGWP. In conclusion, optimum N and straw return significantly reduced NGWP and GHGI and concomitantly achieved relatively high grain yields in this important winter wheat–summer maize double-cropping system.

Download Full-text

Long-term N fertilization reduces uptake of N from fertilizer and increases the uptake of N from soil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75971-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Helio Antonio Wood Joris ◽

André Cesar Vitti ◽

Risely Ferraz-Almeida ◽

Rafael Otto ◽

Heitor Cantarella

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Recovery ◽

Soil N ◽

Response Curves ◽

Current Season ◽

N Removal ◽

Sugarcane Yield ◽

N Management

Abstract Long-term supply of synthetic nitrogen (N) has the potential to affect the soil N processes. This study aimed to (i) establish N response curves to find the best balance between inputs and outputs of N over four ratoons; (ii) use 15N-labeled fertilizer to estimate the N recovery efficiency of fertilizer applied in the current season as affected by the N management in the previous three years. Nitrogen rates (control, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1 N) were applied annually in the same plots after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sugarcane cycles. Sugarcane yield, N uptake, and N balance were evaluated. In the final season, 100 kg ha−1 of 15N was also applied in the microplots to evaluate the effect of previous N fertilization on N derived from fertilizer (NDF) and N derived from soil (NDS). Sugarcane yields increased linearly with the N rates over the four sugarcane-cycles. The best balance between the input of N through fertilizer and N removal by stalks was 90 kg ha−1 N in both the 1st and 2nd ratoons, and 71 kg ha−1 N in both the 3rd and 4th ratoons. Long-term application of N reduced NDF from 41 to 30 kg ha−1 and increased NDS from 160 to 180 kg ha−1 N. A key finding is that long-term N fertilization has the potential to affect soil N processes by increasing the contribution of soil N and reducing the contribution of N from fertilizer.

Download Full-text