High Confidence Heuristic Strategy for Minimal Reduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Lin-Zi YIN ◽  
Yong-Gang LI ◽  
Chun-Hua YANG ◽  
Wei-Hua GUI
Keyword(s):  
High Confidence ◽  
Heuristic Strategy ◽  
Minimal Reduction

The role of recollection in high-confidence know judgments

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mickes ◽  
Vivian Hwe ◽  
John T. Wixted
Keyword(s):  
High Confidence

scholarly journals Exomic Sequencing of Medullary Thyroid Cancer Reveals Dominant and Mutually Exclusive Oncogenic Mutations in RET and RAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. E364-E369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Agrawal ◽  
Yuchen Jiao ◽  
Mark Sausen ◽  
Rebecca Leary ◽  
Chetan Bettegowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Independent Cohort

Abstract Context: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare thyroid cancer that can occur sporadically or as part of a hereditary syndrome. Objective: To explore the genetic origin of MTC, we sequenced the protein coding exons of approximately 21,000 genes in 17 sporadic MTCs. Patients and Design: We sequenced the exomes of 17 sporadic MTCs and validated the frequency of all recurrently mutated genes and other genes of interest in an independent cohort of 40 MTCs comprised of both sporadic and hereditary MTC. Results: We discovered 305 high-confidence mutations in the 17 sporadic MTCs in the discovery phase, or approximately 17.9 somatic mutations per tumor. Mutations in RET, HRAS, and KRAS genes were identified as the principal driver mutations in MTC. All of the other additional somatic mutations, including mutations in spliceosome and DNA repair pathways, were not recurrent in additional tumors. Tumors without RET, HRAS, or KRAS mutations appeared to have significantly fewer mutations overall in protein coding exons. Conclusions: Approximately 90% of MTCs had mutually exclusive mutations in RET, HRAS, and KRAS, suggesting that RET and RAS are the predominant driver pathways in MTC. Relatively few mutations overall and no commonly recurrent driver mutations other than RET, HRAS, and KRAS were seen in the MTC exome.

scholarly journals Senkung des intrakraniellen Drucks durch Senkung des zentralvenösen Drucks: Bewertung möglicher Gegenmaßnahmen zum Raumfahrt-assoziierten neuro-okulären Syndrom

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Sebastian Siebelmann
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Optic Disc Edema ◽  
Threshold Device ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Impedance Threshold Device

Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) involves unilateral or bilateral optic disc edema, widening of the optic nerve sheath, and posterior globe flattening. Owing to posterior globe flattening, it is hypothesized that microgravity causes a disproportionate change in intracranial pressure (ICP) relative to intraocular pressure. Countermeasures capable of reducing ICP include thigh cuffs and breathing against inspiratory resistance. Owing to the coupling of central venous pressure (CVP) and intracranial pressure, we hypothesized that both ICP and CVP will be reduced during both countermeasures. In four male participants (32 ± 13 yr) who were previously implanted with Ommaya reservoirs for treatment of unrelated clinical conditions, ICP was measured invasively through these ports. Subjects were healthy at the time of testing. CVP was measured invasively by a peripherally inserted central catheter. Participants breathed through an impedance threshold device (ITD, −7 cmH<sub>2</sub>O) to generate negative intrathoracic pressure for 5 min, and subsequently, wore bilateral thigh cuffs inflated to 30 mmHg for 2 min. Breathing through an ITD reduced both CVP (6 ± 2 vs. 3 ± 1 mmHg; <i>P</i> = 0.02) and ICP (16 ± 3 vs. 12 ± 1 mmHg; <i>P</i> = 0.04) compared to baseline, a result that was not observed during the free breathing condition (CVP, 6 ± 2 vs. 6 ± 2 mmHg, <i>P</i> = 0.87; ICP, 15 ± 3 vs. 15 ± 4 mmHg, <i>P</i> = 0.68). Inflation of the thigh cuffs to 30 mmHg caused no meaningful reduction in CVP in all four individuals (5 ± 4 vs. 5 ± 4 mmHg; <i>P</i> = 0.1), coincident with minimal reduction in ICP (15 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 4 mmHg; <i>P =</i>0.13). The application of inspiratory resistance breathing resulted in reductions in both ICP and CVP, likely due to intrathoracic unloading.

scholarly journals Standard Quality Banking Services of Islamic Banks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Haneen A. Al-Khawaja ◽  
Barjoyai Bardai
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Definition Of

This research discusses in detail the theoretical aspect of the quality standards of banking services of traditional Islamic banks. The criterion of "Shari'ah Compliance" was added by the researcher to the importance and role of dealing with Islamic banks, the definition of this standard and its importance, how to test it for banks as well as how, without the legitimate commitment of these banks to what is classified as Islamic from the foundation, we focus on the importance of the existence of a legal commitment to any Islamic bank to achieve the quality of Islamic banking services of high quality in accordance with Islamic law and laws to achieve a high confidence in the customers who belong to him and deal with his Conspiracy.

scholarly journals AB0140 A HIGH-CONFIDENCE DEFINITION OF THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS USING A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1097.2-1098
Author(s):  
V. Strand ◽  
S. Cohen ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
T. Mellors ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Health Assessment Questionnaire ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Response Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fidelity Score ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Background:Therapy choice and therapy change depend on the ability to accurately assess patients’ disease activity. The clinical assessments used to evaluate treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis have inherent variability, normally considered as measurement error, intra-observer variability or within subject variability. Each contribute to variability in deriving response status as defined by composite measures such as the ACR or EULAR criteria, particularly when a one-time observed measurement lies near the boundary defining response or non-response. To select an optimal therapeutic strategy in the burgeoning age of precision medicine in rheumatology, achieve the lowest disease activity and maximize long-term health outcomes for each patient, improved treatment response definitions are needed.Objectives:Develop a high-confidence definition of treatment response and non-response in rheumatoid arthritis that exceeds the expected variability of subcomponents in the composite response criteria.Methods:A Monte Carlo simulation approach was used to assess ACR50 and EULAR response outcomes in 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients who had been treated for 6 months with a TNF inhibitor therapy. Monte Carlo simulations were run with 2000 iterations implemented with measurement variability derived for each clinical assessment: tender joint count, swollen joint count, Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI), patient pain assessment, patient global assessment, physician global assessment, serum C-reactive protein level (CRP) and disease activity score 28-joint count with CRP.1-3 Each iteration of the Monte Carlo simulation generated one outcome with a value of 0 or 1 indicating non-responder or responder, respectively.Results:A fidelity score, calculated separately for ACR50 and EULAR response, was defined as an aggregated score from 2000 iterations reported as a fraction that ranges from 0 to 1. The fidelity score depicted a spectrum of response covering strong non-responders, inconclusive statuses and strong responders. A fidelity score around 0.5 typified a response status with extreme variability and inconclusive clinical response to treatment. High-fidelity scores were defined as >0.7 or <0.3 for responders and non-responders, respectively, meaning that the simulated clinical response status label among all simulations agreed at least 70% of the time. High-confidence true responders were considered as those patients with high-fidelity outcomes in both ACR50 and EULAR outcomes.Conclusion:A definition of response to treatment should exceed the expected variability of the clinical assessments used in the composite measure of therapeutic response. By defining high-confidence responders and non-responders, the true impact of therapeutic efficacy can be determined, thus forging a path to development of better treatment options and advanced precision medicine tools in rheumatoid arthritis.References:[1]Cheung, P. P., Gossec, L., Mak, A. & March, L. Reliability of joint count assessment in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum43, 721-729, doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.11.003 (2014).[2]Uhlig, T., Kvien, T. K. & Pincus, T. Test-retest reliability of disease activity core set measures and indices in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis68, 972-975, doi:10.1136/ard.2008.097345 (2009).[3]Maska, L., Anderson, J. & Michaud, K. Measures of functional status and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ), Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ), Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ), Health Assessment Questionnaire II (HAQ-II), Improved Health Assessment Questionnaire (Improved HAQ), and Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 63 Suppl 11, S4-13, doi:10.1002/acr.20620 (2011).Disclosure of Interests:Vibeke Strand Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Arena, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Galapagos, Genentech/Roche, Gilead, GSK, Ichnos, Inmedix, Janssen, Kiniksa, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Samsung, Sandoz, Sanofi, Setpoint, UCB, Stanley Cohen: None declared, Lixia Zhang Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Ted Mellors Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Alex Jones Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Johanna Withers Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Viatcheslav Akmaev Shareholder of: Scipher Medicine Corporation, Employee of: Scipher Medicine Corporation

scholarly journals Digitally Patterned Mesoporous Carbon Nanostructures of Colorless Polyimide for Transparent and Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2547
Author(s):  
Hyeonwoo Kim ◽  
Suwon Hwang ◽  
Taeseung Hwang ◽  
Jung Bin In ◽  
Junyeob Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Carbon Structure ◽  
Carbon Structures ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Mechanical Bending ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
High Flexibility

Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a flexible and transparent micro-supercapacitor (MSC), using colorless polyimide (CPI) via a direct laser writing carbonization (DLWC) process. The focused laser beam directly carbonizes the CPI substrate and generates a porous carbon structure on the surface of the CPI substrate. Fluorine, which is one of the chemical compositions of CPI, can enhance the specific area and the conductivity of the carbon electrode by creating micropores in carbon structures during carbonization. Thus, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows enhanced specific capacitance (1.20 mF at 10 mV s−1) and better transmittance (44.9%) compared to the conventional PI-based MSC. Additionally, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows excellent cyclic performance with minimal reduction (<~10%) in 3000 cycles and high capacitance retention under mechanical bending test conditions. Due to its high flexibility, transparency, and capacitance, we expect that carbonized CPI-based MSC can be further applied to various flexible and transparent applications.

Optical Filter Selection for High Confidence Discrimination of Strongly Overlapping Infrared Chemical Spectra

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (17) ◽  
pp. 8798-8808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Major ◽  
Menelaos K. Poutous ◽  
Kenneth J. Ewing ◽  
Kevin F. Dunnill ◽  
Jasbinder S. Sanghera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Filter ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Filter Selection

Stability of dronabinol capsules when stored frozen, refrigerated, or at room temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (14) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wempe ◽  
Alan Oldland ◽  
Nancy Stolpman ◽  
Tyree H. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Minimal Reduction

Abstract Purpose Results of a study to determine the 90-day stability of dronabinol capsules stored under various temperature conditions are reported. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was used to assess the stability of dronabinol capsules (synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC] mixed with high-grade sesame oil and other inactive ingredients and encapsulated as soft gelatin capsules) that were frozen, refrigerated, or kept at room temperature for three months. The dronabinol capsules remained in the original foil-sealed blister packs until preparation for HPLC–UV assessment. The primary endpoint was the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC concentration remaining at multiple designated time points. The secondary aim was to perform forced-degradation studies under acidic conditions to demonstrate that the HPLC–UV method used was stability indicating. Results The appearance of the dronabinol capsules remained unaltered during frozen, cold, or room-temperature storage. Regardless of storage condition, the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC content remaining was greater than 97% for all evaluated samples at all time points over the three-month study. These experimental data indicate that the product packaging and the sesame oil used to formulate dronabinol capsules efficiently protect Δ9-THC from oxidative degradation to cannabinol; this suggests that pharmacies can store dronabinol capsules in nonrefrigerated automated dispensing systems, with a capsule expiration date of 90 days after removal from the refrigerator. Conclusion Dronabinol capsules may be stored at room temperature in their original packaging for up to three months without compromising capsule appearance and with minimal reduction in Δ9-THC concentration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document