Analysis of climate resource changes during maize growth period in Ningxia under SRES A1B scenario

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1394-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Wei GOU ◽  
Ying-Xian ZHANG ◽  
Yin-Long XU
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
A1b Scenario

scholarly journals Effects of Sunshine Hours and Daily Maximum Temperature Declines and Cultivar Replacements on Maize Growth and Yields

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Libing Song ◽  
Jiming Jin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Sunshine Hours

In this study, the crop environment resource synthesis maize (CERES-Maize) model was used to explore the effects of declining sunshine hours (SSH), decreasing daily maximum temperature (Tmax), and cultivar replacements on growth processes and yields of maize in Northern China, a principal region of maize production. SSH were found to decrease at 189 of 246 meteorological stations in the northern provinces of China over the period of 1994–2012, and a decrease in Tmax was also seen at many of these stations. The most significant decrease in these two climate variables occurred during June to September, a period for summer maize growth. For this study, seven crop field stations in the ShaanXi province, in the Guanzhong Plain, were selected, all of which showed a downward trend in SSH and Tmax over the period of 1994–2012. The CERES-Maize model was first calibrated and validated against yield observations for these stations over the same period, and the yield simulations matched very well with observations. The model was then driven by the detrended SSH and Tmax data, and the simulations were compared with those with a trend in these two input variables. The decline in SSH was found to reduce the maize yield by 8% on average over these stations due mostly to limited root growth, and the decline for shorter SSH reduced the yield more than that for longer SSH. Meanwhile, the decrease in higher Tmax increased the yield by extending the growth period, while the decrease in lower Tmax reduced the yield by lowering the thermal time. In addition, the observed yield showed a significant upward trend, and our modeling results indicate that this increase can be attributed mainly to the frequent cultivar replacements over our study period. The replaced cultivars usually had a longer growth period than the prior ones, which compensated for the yield loss due to fewer SSH. Net maize production decreased with the combined effects of the declines in SSH and Tmax on yields. This study quantifies the contribution of changes in climate and cultivars to maize growth processes and yields and provides strong insights into maize production under a complex dynamic climate system.

Research on Probability Distribution of Extreme Wind Speed in Maize Growth Period

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunqiao Mi ◽  
Dehai Zhu ◽  
Bernard A. Engel ◽  
Shaoming Li ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
Extreme Wind Speed

Research of Crop Water-Saving Irrigation Optimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 771-775
Author(s):  
Chang Hu ◽  
Dang Sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Irrigation Optimization

According to Luoyang rainfall data from 1951 to 2011, this paper discussed the distribution characteristics of rainfall in the whole year. It analyzed summer maize growth period with the coupling of water consumption. It set up the estimation model of summer maize water consumption, the mathematical model of yield and water relationship, and then analyzed its mutual relations. The experimental results showed that the water requirement and rainfall distribution would fit well during summer maize growth. But summer maize growth stage should be irrigated suitably in the dry and median water year.

Drought detection and assessment with solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in summer maize growth period over North China Plain

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejuan Chen ◽  
Xingguo Mo ◽  
Yucui Zhang ◽  
Zhigang Sun ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Maize Growth

scholarly journals Crop Cycle and Tillage Role in the Outbreak of Late Wilt Disease of Maize Caused by Magnaporthiopsis maydis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Ofir Degani ◽  
Asaf Gordani ◽  
Paz Becher ◽  
Shlomit Dor
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Wet Weight

The destructive maize late wilt disease (LWD) has heavy economic implications in highly infected areas such as Israel, Egypt, and Spain. The disease outbreaks occur near the harvest, leading to total yield loss in severe cases. Crop rotation has long been known as an effective means to reduce plant diseases. Indeed, agricultural soil conservation practices that can promote beneficial soil and root fungi have become increasingly important. Such methods may have a bioprotective effect against Magnaporthiopsis maydis, the LWD causal agent. In this two-year study, we tested the role of crop rotation of maize with either wheat or clover and the influence of minimum tillage in restricting LWD. In the first experiment, wheat and clover were grown in pots with LWD infected soil in a greenhouse over a full winter growth period. These cultivations were harvested in the spring, and each pot’s group was split into two subgroups that underwent different land processing practices. The pots were sown with LWD-sensitive maize cultivar and tested over a whole growth period against control soils without crop rotation or soil with commercial mycorrhizal preparation. The maize crop rotation with wheat without tillage achieved prominent higher growth indices than the control and the clover crop cycle. Statistically significant improvement was measured in the non-tillage wheat soil pots in sprout height 22 days after sowing, in the healthy plants at the season’s end (day 77), and in shoot and cob wet weight (compared to the control). This growth promotion was accompanied by a 5.8-fold decrease in pathogen DNA in the plant stems. The tillage in the wheat-maize growth sequence resulted in similar results with improved shoot wet-weight throughout the season. In contrast, when maize was grown after clover, the tillage reduced this parameter. The addition of commercial mycorrhizal preparation to the soil resulted in higher growth measures than the control but was less efficient than the wheat crop cycle. These results were supported by a subsequent similar experiment that relied on soil taken from commercial wheat or clover fields. Here too, the wheat-maize growth cycle (without permanent effect for the tillage) achieved the best results and improved the plants’ growth parameters and immunity against LWD and lowered pathogen levels. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that wheat and perhaps other crops yet to be inspected, together with the adjusted tillage system, may provide plants with better defense against the LWD pathogen.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion and its Effects on Maize Field as Modified by Amendments in Southwestern Coastal Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Baig Abdullah Al Shoumik ◽  
Md. Sanaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate

The coastal soils of Bangladesh are preferentially dominated by silt content and stressed by salinity (Na+) as well as low humus content . Hence, these soils are  moderately to extremely vulnerable to water erosion, which is a major form of land degradation. The aim of this study was to estimate the soil erosion rate from  maize fields in the southwestern coastal region. A field experiment was conducted on maize grown field, which is nearly level, moderately saline, and silt dominated coastal land. The plots were amended with inorganic fertilizer, sieved sand, and decomposed cow dung. Each runoff plot was connected to separate reservoirs and was exposed to rainfall. From the erosive rainstorms, representative critical rainfall intensity was determined.  The entrapped eroded material in the reservoirs was collected to estimate the loss of soil. The efficacy of the applied amendments was studied in terms of lowering seasonal (maize growth period) soil loss and erosion associated deterioration of relevant soil parameters. This study revealed that CRI was ≥15 mm h-1. The soil loss during the maize growth period from inorganic fertilizer, cow dung, and sand amended runoff plots were 64(±7) t ha-1 y-1, 51(±5) t ha-1 y-1, and 23(±2) t ha-1 y-1, respectively. The changes in soil properties indicated that after initial erosion, vulnerability to further erosion increased.

scholarly journals Soil water transformation regularity of farmland for typical crop in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: Experimental and simulating analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01061
Author(s):  
Chuiyu Lu ◽  
Qingyan Sun ◽  
Guoliang Cao ◽  
Qinghua Luan ◽  
Lingjia Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Experimental Observation ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Growth

The transformation process of soil water plays an important role in the hydrological cycle, and is a link to other water processes. Study on the regularity of soil water transformation under agricultural plantation is favorable to understanding the influence of human activities on soil water conversion. Typical crop was selected in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region and the study on regularity of field-scale soil water transformation was carried out by means of crop-soil water field experimental observation combined with model simulation. In the field experiment, testing and observation of irrigated and rainfed maize were simultaneously carried out in the adjacent fields respectively to form a comparative experimental study. The experimental observation data were used to establish the soil water model, which is calibrated in many aspects, such as field water content change during the maize growth period, the soil profile water content distribution at different moments, maize leaf area index and plant height. The results show that this model has an efficient simulation effect. Quantitative study on field evapotranspiration regularity, field soil water flux under irrigated and rainfed modes, impact mechanism of soil water deep seepage during maize growth period was achieved through the simulation of soil water process, and related reference conclusions were also proposed for water resources management and conservation in BTH.

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