The influence of oxytocin, progesterone and estrogen on disgust and its neurophysiological mechanism

Aphasias are considered to be neurological linguistic disorders in which the comprehension and/or expression of oral and/or written language is compromised, thus having a significant potential impact on the quality of life of an individual and his / her family. Although much studied in its neurophysiological mechanism, aphasia is not always discussed in terms of rehabilitation. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the scientific production in speech therapy on the rehabilitation of aphasia. For this purpose, an Integrative Review of Literature was carried out, covering the period from 2000 to 2021 on the Scielo and BVS data platforms of articles available in full and in the Portuguese language, using as a descriptor the unitermo "aphasia", in which the articles found were submitted to the relevance tests I and II, in which the final sample made only those that passed the established criteria. A total of 236 articles were found on the Scielo platform, with only 29 discussing rehabilitation and only 5 on speech therapy. In the BVS platform, 98.901 articles were found, but only 86 were discussing deaf aphasia and were available, none of which addressed speech therapy rehabilitation. The electronic search reached a total of 5 relevant articles that included the theme of speech and hearing rehabilitation to the aphasic patient, all of them being from the Scielo platform. Thus, scientific scarcity on the subject of aphasia becomes evident, and it is necessary to invest in production that encapsulate the therapeutic behavior of the speech-language pathologist. As afasias são consideradas distúrbios linguísticos de cunho neurológico em que a compreensão e/ou expressão da linguagem oral e/ou escrita encontra-se comprometida, tendo desta maneira um potencial significativo de impacto na qualidade de vida de um indivíduo e sua família. Embora muito estudada em seu mecanismo neurofisiológico, as afasias nem sempre são discutidas sob o aspecto de reabilitação. Diante disso, este artigo objetiva discutir sobre a produção cientifica em fonoaudiologia sobre a reabilitação da afasia. Para tanto, foi realizada uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, contemplando o período de 2000 a 2021 nas plataformas de dados Scielo e BVS de artigos disponíveis na íntegra e no idioma em português, utilizando como descritor o unitermo “afasia”, em que os artigos encontrados foram submetidos aos testes de relevância I e II, em que fizeram a amostra final apenas aqueles que passaram pelos critérios estabelecidos. Foram encontrados na plataforma Scielo o total de 236 artigos, sendo que apenas 29 discutiam sobre reabilitação e apenas 5 sobre terapia fonoaudiológica. Na plataforma BVS foram encontrados 98.901 artigos, porém apenas 86 discutiam sobre afasia de fato e estavam disponíveis, sendo que nenhum abordava a reabilitação fonoaudiológica. A busca eletrônica alcançou o total de 5 artigos relevantes que contemplassem a temática de reabilitação fonoaudiológica ao paciente afásico, sendo todos da plataforma Scielo. Assim, torna-se evidente a escassez científica sobre o tema de afasia, sendo necessário investimentos para produção que embase a conduta terapêutica do profissional fonoaudiólogo.

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Neurophysiological Mechanism and Application of Interactive Metronome Training Principles

Korean Journal of Sport Psychology ◽

10.14385/kssp.32.2.147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 147-165

Author(s):

Keun-Byul Bang ◽

◽

Sang-Bum Kim

Keyword(s):

Neurophysiological Mechanism ◽

Interactive Metronome ◽

Training Principles

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EEG Correlates of Central Origin of Cancer-Related Fatigue

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2020/8812984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Didier Allexandre ◽

Dilara Seyidova-Khoshknabi ◽

Mellar P. Davis ◽

Vinoth K. Ranganathan ◽

Vlodek Siemionow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Activity ◽

Central Fatigue ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Brain Electrical Activity ◽

Advanced Cancer Patients ◽

Neurophysiological Mechanism ◽

Cancer Related Fatigue ◽

Brief Fatigue Inventory ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Central Nervous System

The neurophysiological mechanism of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) remains poorly understood. EEG was examined during a sustained submaximal contraction (SC) task to further understand our prior research findings of greater central contribution to early fatigue during SC in CRF. Advanced cancer patients and matched healthy controls performed an elbow flexor SC until task failure while undergoing neuromuscular testing and EEG recording. EEG power changes over left and right sensorimotor cortices were analyzed and correlated with brief fatigue inventory (BFI) score and evoked muscle force, a measure of central fatigue. Brain electrical activity changes during the SC differed in CRF from healthy subjects mainly in the theta (4-8 Hz) and beta (12-30 Hz) bands in the contralateral (to the fatigued limb) hemisphere; changes were correlated with the evoked force. Also, the gamma band (30-50 Hz) power decrease during the SC did not return to baseline after 2 min of rest in CRF, an effect correlated with BFI score. In conclusion, altered brain electrical activity during a fatigue task in patients is associated with central fatigue during SC or fatigue symptoms, suggesting its potential contribution to CRF during motor performance. This information should guide the development and use of rehabilitative interventions that target the central nervous system to maximize function recovery.

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Neurophysiological Analysis of the Genesis Mechanism of EEG During the Interictal and Ictal Periods Using a Multiple Neural Masses Model

International Journal of Neural Systems ◽

10.1142/s0129065717500277 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (01) ◽

pp. 1750027 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhen Ma

Keyword(s):

Matching Pursuit ◽

Neural Mass Model ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Neural Signals ◽

Mass Model ◽

Neurophysiological Mechanism ◽

Norm Minimization ◽

Neural Mass ◽

Inhibitory Strength

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important method to investigate the neurophysiological mechanism underlying epileptogenesis to identify new therapies for the treatment of epilepsy. The neurophysiologically based neural mass model (NMM) can build a bridge between signal processing and neurophysiology, which can be used as a platform to explore the neurophysiological mechanism of epileptogenesis. Most EEG signals cannot be regarded as the outputs of a single NMM with identical model parameters. The outputs of NMM are simple because the diversity of neural signals in the same NMM is ignored. To improve the simulation of EEG signals, a multiple NMM is proposed, the output of which is the linear combination of the outputs of all NMMs. The NMM number is not fixed and is minimized under the premise of guaranteeing the fitting effect. Orthogonal matching pursuit is used to solve a constrained [Formula: see text] norm minimization problem for NMM number and the strength of every NMM. The results showed that the NMM number was significantly lower during the ictal period than during the interictal period, and the strength of major NMMs increased. This indicates that neural masses fuse into fewer larger neural masses with greater strength. The distribution of excitatory and inhibitory strength during the ictal and interictal periods was similar, whereas the excitation/inhibition ratio was higher during the ictal period than during the interictal period.

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Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma) surgery 1978–1990

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100115270 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

J. E. M. Dutton ◽

R. T. Ramsden ◽

R. H. Lye ◽

K. Morris ◽

A. O. Keith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumour Size ◽

Hearing Preservation ◽

Royal Infirmary ◽

Perioperative Mortality ◽

Neurophysiological Mechanism ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Normal Functional ◽

Unusual Type ◽

The Ideal

AbstractA series of 151 patients with 154 acoustic schwannomas have been operated upon in Manchester Royal Infirmary by a joint Otological and Neurosurgical team, employing either the translabynnthine or the sub-occipital approach. The perioperative mortality rate was 3 per cent. Anatomical preservation of the facial nerve was achieved in 89 per cent of tumour removals and a good to normal functional result in 79 per cent of cases. Attempts at hearing preservation have been unsuccessful, largely because of the small number of patients in the series in whom useful hearing was present preoperatively. Complications included major brain stem ischaemia (1.2 per cent), CSF fistula (5 per cent) and facial dysaesthesia (7 per cent). The incidence of mortality and morbidity is directly related to tumour size and to the experience of the surgeons. A number of patients experienced an unusual type of post-operative dreamlike state which appeared to be a form of hypnagogic hallucination, and the possible neurophysiological mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is discussed. The continuing failure to attain the ideal of early diagnosis is lamented, and the importance of a flexible bidisciplinary surgical approach emphasized.

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Computing by modulating spontaneous cortical activity patterns as a mechanism of active visual processing

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-019-12918-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guozhang Chen ◽

Pulin Gong

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Activity ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Cortical Processing ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Neurophysiological Mechanism ◽

Face Images ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

Psychophysical Studies ◽

External Stimuli

Abstract Cortical populations produce complex spatiotemporal activity spontaneously without sensory inputs. However, the fundamental computational roles of such spontaneous activity remain unclear. Here, we propose a new neural computation mechanism for understanding how spontaneous activity is actively involved in cortical processing: Computing by Modulating Spontaneous Activity (CMSA). Using biophysically plausible circuit models, we demonstrate that spontaneous activity patterns with dynamical properties, as found in empirical observations, are modulated or redistributed by external stimuli to give rise to neural responses. We find that this CMSA mechanism of generating neural responses provides profound computational advantages, such as actively speeding up cortical processing. We further reveal that the CMSA mechanism provides a unifying explanation for many experimental findings at both the single-neuron and circuit levels, and that CMSA in response to natural stimuli such as face images is the underlying neurophysiological mechanism of perceptual “bubbles” as found in psychophysical studies.

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