scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Dita Mintardi ◽  
AK Ansyori ◽  
Ramzi Amin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
En Face ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Oct Imaging

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a new high-resolution imaging method for visualizing retinal and choroidal circulation without any dye injection By detecting intravascular flow quickly when needed and being able to repeat images, as often as needed, without risk to patients, doctors will value OCTA as one of the most important applications of OCT imaging because of its ability to offer precise visualization of intravascular flow in the inner retina layer and outside, as well as the inner choroid. OCTA uses high-speed structural OCT imaging and provides three-dimensional data about microvascular structures, enabling visualization of the en face apart from the retinal capillary plexus and choriocapillaris, combined with co-registered en face and cross-sectional structural OCT. Although OCTA is a strong modality, it can have imaging artifacts and provide information that is inherently more complex than structural OCT alone. Successful interpretation of OCTA findings requires an understanding of how OCTA works, the relationship of various ocular pathologies to its angiographic features, and integrated assessment of angiographic and structural OCT data.

scholarly journals Comparison of swept-source versus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography for detection of macular neovascularization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lentzsch ◽  
Laura Schöllhorn ◽  
Christel Schnorr ◽  
Robert Siggel ◽  
Sandra Liakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
En Face ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Subretinal Hyperreflective Material

Abstract Purpose To compare swept-source (SS) versus spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the detection of macular neovascularization (MNV). Methods In this prospective cohort study, 72 eyes of 54 patients with subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) and/or pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on OCT possibly corresponding to MNV in at least one eye were included. OCTA scans were acquired using two devices, the PLEX Elite 9000 SS-OCTA and the Spectralis SD-OCTA. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was used as reference. Two graders independently evaluated en face OCTA images using a preset slab as well as a manually modified slab, followed by a combination of en face and cross-sectional OCTA. Results Sensitivity (specificity) for the automated slabs was 51.7% (93.0%) for SS-OCTA versus 58.6% (95.3%) for SD-OCTA. Manual modification of segmentation increased sensitivity to 79.3% for SS-OCTA but not for SD-OCTA (58.6%). The combination of en face OCTA with cross-sectional OCTA reached highest sensitivity values (SS-OCTA: 82.8%, SD-OCTA: 86.2%), and lowest number of cases with discrepancies between SS-OCTA and SD-OCTA (4.2%). Fleiss kappa as measure of concordance between FA, SS-OCTA, and SD-OCTA was 0.56 for the automated slabs, 0.60 for the manual slabs, and 0.73 (good agreement) for the combination of en face OCTA with cross-sectional OCTA. Concordance to FA was moderate for the automated slabs and good for manual slabs and combination with cross-sectional OCTA of both devices. Conclusion Both devices reached comparable results regarding the detection of MNV on OCTA. Sensitivity for MNV detection and agreement between devices was best when evaluating a combination of en face and cross-sectional OCTA.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Repeatability of Macular Vascular Density Measurements Using Four Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Yang ◽  
Mingzhen Yuan ◽  
Erqian Wang ◽  
Youxin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Scan Pattern

The aim of this study was to compare the repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) measurements of macular vessel density using four OCT-A systems, including Heidelberg Spectralis HRA, Optovue RTVue XR, Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, and Topcon DRI OCT Triton. A cross-sectional design was used for this study. The vascular density and vascular length density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses were imaged with OCT-A using 3 mm and 6 mm scan patterns and were calculated using ImageJ. Comparisons of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were conducted. We found that the OCT-A systems had various levels of repeatability. Zeiss had better repeatability for vessel density than the other systems (overall ICC = 0.936). Optovue had better repeatability for vessel length density when the 6 mm scan pattern was used (ICC = 0.680 and 0.700 for retinal superficial and deep capillary plexus, respectively). We concluded that repeatability varied when different scan patterns of various OCT-A systems were used for imaging the superficial retinal and deep capillary plexuses. Results should be seen as valid only for a given method. The repeatability of various OCT-A systems should be considered in clinical practice and in clinical trials that use OCT-A metrics as outcome measures.

Does Projection Artifact Removal Improve Visualization of Images in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Verena R. Juncal ◽  
Armin Abadeh ◽  
Keyvan Koushan ◽  
Alan R. Berger ◽  
David R. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Artifact Removal ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Face Images ◽  
En Face ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: This study assesses the frequency of projection artifacts in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) en face images and compares images before and after applying a 3-dimensional projection artifact removal (3D-PAR) algorithm. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study that included consecutive patients with any underlying diagnosis who had OCTA obtained from January to March 2017. Patients with various retinal diseases and also healthy eyes were included. All participants underwent imaging with a scan area of 3 mm × 3 mm. The 4 default en face slabs were analyzed: superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), outer retina (OR), and choriocapillaris (CC). Images were qualitatively analyzed before and after 3D-PAR by 2 independent graders. Results: None of the SCP images had projection artifact before or after 3D-PAR. Scans of the DCP presented projection artifact in 96.5% of the cases. After 3D-PAR, 14.7% had a complete improvement of projection artifact, 56.5% had a partial improvement, 14.1% were worse, and 14.7% presented no change. In the OR, 2.9% had projection artifact, with a complete improvement after 3D-PAR in 40%, partial improvement in 20%, and no change in 40%. Projection artifact was initially present in 97.6% of the images in the CC. After 3D-PAR, there was a complete improvement in 72.9%, partial improvement in 26.5%, and no change in 0.6%. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was detected in 29 eyes (17.1%), and 3D-PAR improved detection of CNV in 12 cases (41.4%). Conclusions: OCTA with 3D-PAR technology minimizes the appearance of projection artifacts in the DCP and CC slabs.

scholarly journals Cooperative Three-View Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography for Intraoperative Vascular Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Shizhao Peng ◽  
Yuanzhen Jiang ◽  
Kailin Zhang ◽  
Chuanchao Wu ◽  
Danni Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Oct Imaging

Real-time intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of blood vessels after anastomosis operation can provide important information the vessel, such as patency, flow speed, and thrombosis morphology. Due to the strong scattering and absorption effect of blood, normal OCT imaging suffers from the problem of incomplete cross-sectional view of the vessel under investigation when the diameter is large. In this work, we present a novel cooperative three-view imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography system for intraoperative exposed vascular imaging. Two more side views (left view and right view) were realized through a customized sample arm optical design and corresponding mechanical design and fabrication, which could generate cross-sectional images from three circumferential view directions to achieve a larger synthetic field of view (FOV). For each view, the imaging depth was 6.7 mm (in air) and the lateral scanning range was designed to be 3 mm. Therefore, a shared synthetic rectangle FOV of 3 mm × 3 mm was achieved through cooperative three view scanning. This multi-view imaging method can meet the circumferential imaging demands of vessels with an outer diameter less than 3 mm. Both phantom tube and rat vessel imaging confirmed the increased system FOV performance. We believe the intraoperative application of this cooperative three-imaging optical coherence tomography for objective vascular anastomosis evaluation can benefit patient outcomes in the future.

Evaluation of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema using optical coherence tomography angiography

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Serra ◽  
Alexandre Sellam ◽  
Florence Coscas ◽  
Elsa Bruyère ◽  
André Sieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Cystoid Macular Edema ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Face Image ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
En Face ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Eyes ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose: To compare the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in eyes with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) with those of fluorescein angiography (FA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare PCME vascular density values of the SCP and DCP with those of healthy eyes. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 13 eyes (12 patients) with PCME underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity, FA, SD-OCT, and OCT-A. The vascular density of the SCP and DCP were measured using AngioAnalytics software in all PCME eyes and compared with 46 healthy eyes of 25 subjects. Results: In patients with PCME, at the level of SCP, the mean vascular density in the whole en face image was 44.48 ± 3.61% while it was 50.27 ± 5.30% at the level of the DCP. In contrast, the vascular density in the whole en face image was 50.35 ± 3.22 at the level of SCP while it was 56.15 ± 3.28 at the level of DCP in 46 healthy eyes of 25 subjects. The vascular density of patients with PCME was significantly lower than in healthy subjects at the SCP (p<0.0001) and at the DCP (p<0.0001). Conclusion: We report the OCT-A appearance of PCME and vascular density map with values that can be easily interpreted for quantitative evaluation of retina perfusion status using OCT-A. This approach might be the first step in helping us fully understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PCME.

scholarly journals Diabetic vascular hyperpermeability: optical coherence tomography angiography and functional loss assessments of relationships among retinal vasculature changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Arima ◽  
Shintaro Nakao ◽  
Yoshihiro Kaizu ◽  
Iori Wada ◽  
Muneo Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Diabetic Retina ◽  
Vascular Flow ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Stratified Analysis

AbstractOur study assessed the influence of vascular permeability on vascular flow density (FD)-correlated retinal sensitivity (RS) in DR. In this cross-sectional, prospective, consecutive study, RS in the extrafoveal macula of DR patient was measured by microperimetry. FD was measured in the total, superficial, and deep capillary plexus layers (TCP, SCP, and DCP) by optical coherence tomography angiography. All measurement points were classified into four categories according to intensity of fluorescein leakage and FD, and the RS reduction was compared. A stratified analysis by retinal thickness (RT) was also performed. Fourteen eyes (14 patients) were enrolled. FDs at 207 RS measurement points were analyzable. For TCP, SCP and DCP, the leakage did not decrease RS at points where FD was maintained. The greater the leakage, the smaller the RS reduction at points with low FD in TCP (P = .020). Points with high leakage showed a significant smaller RS reduction than points with low leakage (P = .001 for TCP, P = .040 for SCP, and P = .046 for DCP) only in areas with low RT and low FD. Our results suggested that vascular hyperpermeability may inhibit the RS reduction in the non-edematous ischemic diabetic retina.

scholarly journals Macular perfusion density evaluation in constant and intermittent exotropia by means of optical coherence tomography angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhai ◽  
Wei Fang ◽  
Xueting Yu ◽  
Xinjie Ye ◽  
Lijie Hou
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Perfusion Density

Abstract Background To quantify and compare retinal microvascular features using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in constant (XT) and intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to November 2020 at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. OCTA examination was performed to evaluate the macular perfusion density of the deep capillary plexus (DCP), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in XT and IXT patients, and in age-matched controls. The study parameters were analyzed. Results A total of 76 participants, including 16 (21%) XT patients, 24 (32%) IXT patients, and 36 (47%) controls, were recruited. The exodeviation angle was 39.06 ± 10.38 prism degrees (PD) at near and 43.00 ± 9.74 PD at distance in the XT group, and 27.13 ± 18.28 PD at near and 31.04 ± 18.82 PD at distance in the IXT group. The macular perfusion density of the DCP in 6 × 6-mm scans and the SCP in 3 × 3-mm scans were lower in the deviating eyes than in the fixating eyes of XT patients (p < 0.001, p = 0.032, respectively). The macular perfusion density of the DCP in the deviating eyes of XT and IXT patients was significantly lower than that of the controls. There was no significant difference in the FAZ parameters among the groups. Conclusions In XT patients, OCTA revealed lower macular perfusion density in deviating eyes than in fixating eyes and control eyes. IXT patients showed no difference between the two eyes, but the macular perfusion density of the DCP was lower than that of the controls.

Repeatability of Peripapillary Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 247412642095396
Author(s):  
Cason B. Robbins ◽  
Dilraj S. Grewal ◽  
Atalie C. Thompson ◽  
Stephen P. Yoon ◽  
Brenda L. Plassman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Perfusion Density

Purpose: This work assesses the intrasession repeatability of capillary perfusion density (CPD) and capillary flux index (CFI) measurements on peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in healthy eyes of older adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, healthy volunteers aged 50 years or older underwent 4.5 × 4.5 mm OCTA imaging centered on the optic nerve head using Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Two consecutive images were acquired in the same eye during a single study session. CPD and CFI were assessed using AngioPlex Software (version 11.0.0.29946) for the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (average over whole scan area) and 4 quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal). CPD and CFI repeatability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC), mean interocular differences using 2-tailed t test, and association with age using generalized estimating equations. Results: A total of 150 images were acquired from 75 eyes of 47 patients. For CPD, ICC results ranged from 0.7160 (nasal CPD) to 0.9218 (average CPD). For CFI, ICC results ranged from 0.6167 (temporal CFI) to 0.8976 (inferior CFI). Temporal CFI was significantly different between right and left eyes of the same patient ( P = .03). CPD and CFI decreased with age in all analyses (average CPD β coefficient –0.00172, P < .001; average CFI β coefficient −0.00278, P < .001). Conclusions: Moderate to good repeatability was observed for most peripapillary OCTA metrics; temporal measurements were least repeatable for CPD and CFI. Peripapillary CPD and CFI decrease with age even beyond the fifth decade in healthy older adults.

scholarly journals Retinal and choroidal circulation determined by optical coherence tomography angiography in patient with amyloidosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-228479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Tei ◽  
Ichiro Maruko ◽  
Eiko Uchimura ◽  
Tomohiro Iida
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Severe Renal Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Amyloid Accumulation ◽  
Capillary Plexus

A 43-year-old woman who was diagnosed with the cryopyrine-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) with severe renal failure and heart failure due to amyloid accumulation was examined by swept source optical cohernce tomography (OCT) (SS-OCT; DRI-OCT, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue, Fremont, CA). Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 OD and 20/25 OS. A hyporeflective band of about 100 µm thickness was seen just inferior to the retinal pigment epithelium in the cross-sectional SS-OCT images, but the deeper choroidal structures were clearly visible. In the OCTA images, the density of the retinal capillaries in the superficial and deep capillary plexus slabs were reduced, and no signals of the choroidal capillary slab was detected after removing the projection artefacts. The accumulation of amyloid can cause a reduction of both the retinal and choroidal capillary circulations although the circulation in the larger vessels are preserved.

Swept source optical coherence tomography angiography in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: correlation with morphological and functional tests

2019 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2018-313679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Forte ◽  
Hanan Haulani ◽  
Agnieszka Dyrda ◽  
Ignasi Jürgens
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
En Face ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control

PurposeTo evaluate swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for more than 5 years and to compare results with the tests currently recommended for screening of HCQ retinopathy.MethodsIn this controlled pilot study, consecutive patients treated with HCQ for more than 5 years underwent SS-OCTA, SS-OCT B-scan and en-face C-scan, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), 10–2 automated visual field (AVF) testing and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). On SS-OCTA, evaluation of the retinal superficial capillary plexus, middle capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the choriocapillaris (CC) was obtained.ResultsWe included 10 patients under HCQ treatment (20 eyes, mean age 38.91±11.73 years) and 18 healthy control patients (36 eyes, mean age 38.87±8.6 years). Mean duration of HCQ treatment was 10.0±3.25 (5–15) years and HCQ cumulative dose/body weight was 15.86±5.56 g/kg. The HCQ group showed a reduction of the vessel density in the 1 mm central, in the nasal and temporal subfields of DCP and in the 1 mm central subfield of CC, an increased foveal avascular zone in the three capillary plexuses, a greater frequency of CC flow voids and a reduced foveal choroidal thickness (p<0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mfERG, SS-OCT B-scan and C-scan, AVF and FAF were normal in 20/20 eyes (100%).ConclusionsIn patients treated with HCQ for more than 5 years, choroidal thinning and flow abnormalities at SS-OCTA in the retinal capillary plexuses and CC may be observed even if BCVA, FAF, mfERG, AVF and SS-OCT are normal.

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