scholarly journals Hematocrit Changes as Parameters for Giving Mannitol in Severe Head Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Donny Valensius Susanto ◽  
Trijoso Permono
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Physical Damage

ABSTRACT Introduction. Incidence of head injuries is also quite high in Indonesia, around 1.4 million cases per year with a mortality rate of 15-20% in the population aged 5 to 35 years. Head injuries are commonly divided into two separate time periods namely primary and secondary brain injuries. Primary brain injury is physical damage to the parenchyma (tissue and blood vessels) that occurs during a traumatic event, thus causing compression of the surrounding brain tissue. Secondary brain injury is a continuation of the results of primary brain injury with the main complications of brain injury in the following hours and days. This study was aimed to asses the benefits of administration of mannitol in cases of severe head injury in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods. This research was a clinical trial without comparison by looking at hematocrit levels in patients with severe head injuries with intracranial hypertension before and after given mannitol therapy. Data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Version 23. Data was presented in the form of narrative tables. Then the paired T test was performed. P value <0.05. Results. From 39 research subjects, the age of the subjects ranged between 6-88 years with an average of 33 years. Based on sex there were 28 male sufferers (71.8%) and there were 11 female sufferers 28.2%. GCS varies from 3 to GCS 8 intra-cranial abnormalities. From 39 research subjects with severe head injury without surgery, a hematocrit examination was performed before, after 10 minutes and 6 hours of injection of mannitol bolus 1 g / kg body weight. It was obtained that averaged hematocrit before mannitol  administration was 34, after  10 minutes was 33 and after 6 hours was 35. Conclusion. There is a decrease in hematocrit levels after administration of bolus mannitol 1 g / kg BW at the beginning of mannitol administration and hematocrit will increase again after 6 hours of mannitol administration

Pediatric Minor Head Injury and Concussion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Scarboro ◽  
Simone Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serious Injuries

Head injury is one of the most common reasons children present to the emergency department (ED) and the leading cause of pediatric death and disability. Head injuries can range from having no neurologic deficits to death. Management in the ED centers on determining if there is a serious brain injury and preventing secondary brain injury. In most cases of mild traumatic brain injury, serious injuries can be ruled out based on the history of the injury, associated symptoms, and clinical assessment. Concussion is a common presentation of head injury and encompasses a wide range of symptoms. Computed tomography should be used judiciously, and extensive research has led to algorithms to aid in this decision. Prior to discharge from the ED, parents will often have questions about when their child may resume normal activity. This is a decision that most often will involve the patient’s primary care provider or a concussion specialist as the ED provider is unable to follow progression or resolution of symptoms. However, the ED provider should be able to provide anticipatory guidance.   Key words: computed tomography, concussion, head injury, mild traumatic brain injury, traumatic brain injury

scholarly journals Relationship of The Degree of Head Injury Based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with the Arrival of Acute Post Concussion Syndrome (PCS) Onset in Post-Head Injury Patients in General Hospital Dr.M.Djamil Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reza Azriyantha ◽  
Syaiful Saanin ◽  
Hesty Lidya Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome

A B S T R A C TBackground: Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of death in the populationunder the age of 45 years, and the fourth leading cause of death in the entire ofpopulation. Based on the degree of traumatic brain injury, it is commonly categorizedbased on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) is theset of somatic, emotional / behavioral and cognitive symptoms that occur after atraumatic brain injury. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence andcorrelation of the degree of traumatic brain injury based on the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) and the emersion of Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) acute onset in patientswith head injuries Method: This study was a cross-sectional analytic study ofpatients who experienced Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) after traumatic braininjury at DR. M. Djamil Hospital Padang in 2020 from June to November 2020. Datawere collected by filling in a questionnaire (The Rivermead Post ConcussionSymptoms Questionnaire) and medical record data of neurosurgical patients thatmet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: : It indicated that 70 patients wereincluded in the inclusion criteria of this study. A total of 38 (54.3) respondents didnot undergo the acute onset of PCS, meanwhile respondents who experienced acuteonset of PCS were 32 (45.7) respondents. The results showed that 25 (67.6%)respondents with mild traumatic brain injury had PCS acute onset, while 4 (17.4%)respondents with moderate degree of traumatic brain injury had PCS acute onset,and 4 (17.4%) respondents had PCS acute onset PCS 3 (30%) respondentsexperienced severe traumatic brain injury with acute onset PCS and statistically thedifference in the proportion of data from each of these variables was significant witha p-value of 0.0001. The results of statistical tests showed that p value> 0.05 on thecorrelation between PCS and GCS, thus, it can be concluded that there was nocorrelation between the direction of the relationship between PCS and GCS.Conclusion There was no correlation between the degree of traumatic brain injurybased on GCS and the incidence of PCS acute onset, either it was unidirectional orvice versa in patients with head injuries at RSUP M. Djamil Padang.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN RESPIRATORY FREQUENCY (RR) AND OUTCOME IN HEAD INJURY PATIENTS IN EMERGENCY ROOM OF BANGIL HOSPITAL, PASURUAN DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Zuhroidah ◽  
Ayu Dewi Nastiti ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Novi Rahmania
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
P Value ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Test

Background: Head injuries are a major cause of disability and death under the age of 45 years. The main focus on handling head injury patients is to prevent and limit the occurrence of secondary brain injury which will ultimately affect the outcome of the sufferer. Emergency conditions in head injury patients certainly require quick and appropriate help for better outcome outcomes.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of respiratory frequency with the outcome of head injury patients in the emergency department of Bangil Hospital Pasuruan Regency.Methods: This research method is quantitative with a cross sectional approach involving 53 respondents. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method. The outcome of head injury patients was measured using the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) scale.Results: Data were analyzed using the Spearman test which showed a relationship p value = 0.013 <α = 0.05 so that H0 was rejected or there was a significant relationship between respiratory frequency (RR) and the outcome of head injury patients.Conclusion: The need for improvement and development of nurse resources through nursing education, emergency training and evaluation of health services at the ED. Keywords: Head Injury, Respiratory Frequency (RR), Outcome.

scholarly journals Analysis of Neuron Specific Enolase Serum Levels in Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218-1222
Author(s):  
Yuliarni Syafrita ◽  
Nora Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
P Value ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
The Brain

Background : Traumatic brain injury is still the main cause of death and disability in productive age. Assessment the level of consciousness and imaging examinations after a brain injury can not always describe the severity of damage in the brain, this is because the pathological process is still ongoing due to secondary brain injury. Therefore, it is necessary to examine biomarkers that can describe the severity of the pathological process that occurs. The purpose of this study was to assess serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and their relationship to the severity and outcome of a traumatic brain injury. Methods : A cross sectional design was conducted in the emergency department of DR M Djamil Hospital, Padang. There were 72 patients who met the inclusion criteria. A Glasgow Coma Scale examination was performed to assess the severity of brain injury and examination of NSE serum levels at 48 hours post- injury using ELISA technique and assess the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 weeks post-injury. Data analysis using SPSS 22 program, the results are significance if the p value <0.05  Results : The average NSE level was higher in severe brain injuries than moderate and mild brain injuries and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).  The NSE serum levels were higher in poor outcomes than in good outcomes and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).  Conclusion : High NSE serum levels in the acute phase were associated with the severity of the brain injury and poor outcome 6 weeks after the brain injury. 

THE ROLE OF SECONDARY BRAIN INJURY IN DETERMINING OUTCOME FROM SEVERE HEAD INJURY

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Chesnut ◽  
Lawrence F. Marshall ◽  
Melville R. Klauber ◽  
Barbara A. Blunt ◽  
Nevan Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury

Pediatric Minor Head Injury and Concussion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Scarboro ◽  
Simone Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serious Injuries

Head injury is one of the most common reasons children present to the emergency department (ED) and the leading cause of pediatric death and disability. Head injuries can range from having no neurologic deficits to death. Management in the ED centers on determining if there is a serious brain injury and preventing secondary brain injury. In most cases of mild traumatic brain injury, serious injuries can be ruled out based on the history of the injury, associated symptoms, and clinical assessment. Concussion is a common presentation of head injury and encompasses a wide range of symptoms. Computed tomography should be used judiciously, and extensive research has led to algorithms to aid in this decision. Prior to discharge from the ED, parents will often have questions about when their child may resume normal activity. This is a decision that most often will involve the patient’s primary care provider or a concussion specialist as the ED provider is unable to follow progression or resolution of symptoms. However, the ED provider should be able to provide anticipatory guidance.   Key words: computed tomography, concussion, head injury, mild traumatic brain injury, traumatic brain injury

Pediatric Minor Head Injury and Concussion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Scarboro ◽  
Simone Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serious Injuries

Head injury is one of the most common reasons children present to the emergency department (ED) and the leading cause of pediatric death and disability. Head injuries can range from having no neurologic deficits to death. Management in the ED centers on determining if there is a serious brain injury and preventing secondary brain injury. In most cases of mild traumatic brain injury, serious injuries can be ruled out based on the history of the injury, associated symptoms, and clinical assessment. Concussion is a common presentation of head injury and encompasses a wide range of symptoms. Computed tomography should be used judiciously, and extensive research has led to algorithms to aid in this decision. Prior to discharge from the ED, parents will often have questions about when their child may resume normal activity. This is a decision that most often will involve the patient’s primary care provider or a concussion specialist as the ED provider is unable to follow progression or resolution of symptoms. However, the ED provider should be able to provide anticipatory guidance.   Key words: computed tomography, concussion, head injury, mild traumatic brain injury, traumatic brain injury

scholarly journals Prediksi Kadar Glukosa Darah Terhadap Mortalitas Pasien di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Elsarika Damanik ◽  
Normi Parida Sipayung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Hospital Patients

Introduction: Blood glucose levels are important in the human body because to support health so that they can do work activities properly. The initial action in patients with blood glucose levels who experience a head injury determines the outcome in the hospital. Patients who cannot maintain their blood glucose levels within the first 24 hours of treatment can cause a bad outcome, in the end, even increasing the mortality rate due to blood glucose levels. Aims: This study aims to analyze the predictions of blood glucose levels on patient mortality at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan. Methods: In this study, the authors used observational analytic with a retrospective cohort study design. The population in this study were all patients with high blood glucose levels who suffered head injuries in the Emergency Room (IGD) of H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan and used purposive sampling so that 40 patients selected for high blood glucose levels with a head injury. Results: Based on the tabulation result using chi-square test shows that mortality was more prone to occur in patients who had blood glucose levels> 145 mg/dl with p-value 0.00 and odds ratio of 0.18. Conclusion: So in conclusion, a severe head injury patients who have blood glucose levels > 145 mg/dl are prone to death but do not deny mortality in patients who have blood glucose levels <145 mg/dl due to a severe head injury

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury in the Elderly is common but is not as Bad as we Think! Exercise, not rest, can ensure faster recovery from post-concussion syndromes “Autobiographical case report”

2021 ◽  
pp. 027-033
Author(s):  
Kishanrao Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain Functions

Head injuries, medically known as Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are a leading cause of seeking emergency medical care, hospitalization, long hospital stays, disabilities, rehabilitation services, case fatalities and socioeconomic losses in India. Head trauma is one of the common injuries in the old due to trivial falls, and its consequences need not be grievous always. As many of the elderly are on medication for hypertension, diabetes, and heart ailments and due to sudden rising from the bed, or even from the commode or Indian style of squatting plate develop giddiness and fall. Incidence of head injuries is rising all over the world but fortunately more than half of them is either mild or moderate amenable to management with good outcomes. They can sometimes be serious and fatal when left untreated. The epidemiology of TBI is still an enigma in the medical world due to inconsistency in the definition and classification and discrepancies in data collection. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a well-accepted tool to assess the seriousness at the first visit to stratify, monitor the prognosis, and recovery of brain functions in patients with traumatic brain injury. Seniors over the age of 60 years with head injury are generally considered to have a poor outcome. However, a recent large multicentric China epidemiologic study of minor head injury patients (GCS 13–15) reported over 90 % survival, few with minor consequences. Another large-scale retrospective study at a level II trauma centre in Florida from 2005 to 2008, too indicated that the outcome of elderly over 65 years old had a survival rate of over 80 %. I report my own autobiographical case of a closed head injury, with good outcome due to timely care and early initiation of aerobic exercise (waking & tread meal) for recovery from concussion injury due to fall in washroom, with no major post-concussive symptoms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document