scholarly journals Effects of Human Settlements on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Japhet Kipngeno ◽  
Paul A Omondi ◽  
Abdirizak A Nunow
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Wetland Conservation ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Missing Data Imputation ◽  
The Impact

Governments and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure the continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of wetlands by individuals, organizations and even government agencies with no regard to environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of human activities on wetland conservation with a focus on the Sondu River Basin. The objective of the study was to establish the effects of human settlements on the conservation of the Sondu River Basin. The study was grounded on the integrated water resource management theory. This study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population for the study was 164 respondents in which a sample of 144 respondents was selected using Slovin’s formula. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged in human activities that affected wetland conservation. Intensive data cleaning exercise was carried out including checking for outliers, missing data imputation and variable transformation. The collected data were analysed by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and summation and presented in the form of tables and charts. The results of the study will inform policy and practice in the management and conservation of the Sondu River wetland area. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building and construction and settlements have immensely hampered conservation of Sondu wetland. Further, it was noted that it is indeed possible to gain vital information about the human activities responsible for the degradation of wetlands.

scholarly journals Impacts of Farming Activities on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin in Kericho County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Japhet Kipngeno ◽  
Paul A Omondi ◽  
Abdirizak A Nunow
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Wetland Conservation ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Missing Data Imputation ◽  
The Impact

Governments and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure the continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of wetlands by individuals, organizations and even government agencies with no regard for environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of human activities on wetland conservation with a focus on the Sondu River Basin. The objective of the study was to establish the farming activities on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin Kericho County, Kenya. The study was grounded on the integrated water resource management theory. This study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design, which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population for the study was 164 respondents in which a sample of 144 respondents was selected using Slovin's formula. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged in human activities that affected wetland conservation. Intensive data cleaning exercise was carried out including checking for outliers, missing data imputation and variable transformation. The collected data were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and summation and presented in the form of tables and charts. The results of the study will inform policy and practice in the management and conservation of the Sondu River wetland area. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building and construction and settlements have immensely hampered conservation of Sondu wetland. Further, it was noted that it is indeed possible to gain vital information about the human activities responsible for the degradation of wetlands.

scholarly journals Assessing effects of Human Activities Kipranye Wetland, Sondu Miriu River Basin, Kericho County, Kenya.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Japhet Kipngeno ◽  
Paul Omondi ◽  
Abdirizak A Nonuw
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Goods And Services

Governments, researchers, and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, sustainable use of the wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of the wetlands by individuals, organizations, and even government agencies with no regard for environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of human activities on Kipranye wetland, Sondu Miriu river basin, Kericho County. The specific objective of the study was to assess the effects of the human activities on wetlands. The study was grounded on the Systems Theory and Integrated Water Resource Management Theory. The study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The sample population of the study was 162 respondents in which a sample of 124 respondents were selected accounting for 76.5%. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged inhuman activities that affected wetland conservation. The results of the study inform on policy and practice in the management and conservation of Kipranye wetlands. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building. and construction and settlements were immense in the study area and they hamper conservation of Kipranye wetland. There was a gap in the integration of the legal framework to manage wetlands in the study area. The following conclusions were derived from the study wetlands in the study area need urgent redemption and reclamation; inclusion of the local communities in the conservation of the Kipranye river wetlands would enable the people to take responsibility and own the solutions to the problem. There is a need for an integrated approach to their planning and sustainable use. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources in conjunction with NEMA and the County Government could formulate policies and technical tools needed to counteract the lack of appropriate information and intervention failure that cause wetlands to be used in an unsustainable way

scholarly journals Attribution Analysis of Hydrological Drought Risk Under Climate Change and Human Activities: A Case Study on Kuye River Basin in China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Recurrence Period ◽  
The Impact

This study conducted quantitative diagnosis on the impact of climate change and human activities on drought risk. Taking the Kuye river basin (KRB) in China as the research area, we used variation point diagnosis, simulation of precipitation and runoff, drought risk assessment, and attribution quantification. The results show that: (1) the annual runoff sequence of KRB changed significantly after 1979, which was consistent with the introduction of large-scale coal mining; (2) under the same drought recurrence period, the drought duration and severity in the human activity stage were significantly worse than in the natural and simulation stages, indicating that human activities changed the drought risk in this area; and (3) human activities had little impact on drought severity in the short duration and low recurrence period, but had a greater impact in the long duration and high recurrence period. These results provide scientific guidance for the management, prevention, and resistance of drought; and guarantee sustainable economic and social development in the KRB.

Quantifying the impact of human activities on water quality based on spatialization of social data: a case study of the Pingzhai Reservoir Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongrong Zhang ◽  
Zhongfa Zhou ◽  
Haotian Zhang ◽  
Yusheng Dan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Reservoir Basin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In water pollution source research, it is difficult to quantify the impact of human activities on water quality. Based on pollution load theory and the concept of spatialization of social data, this study integrates land-use type, slope gradient, and spatial position, and uses the contribution of human activities to quantify the impact of farmland fertilizers, livestock and poultry wastes, and human domestic pollution on water quality in the study area. The results show that livestock manure is the largest source of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) discharges in the research area, and domestic pollution is the largest source of chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharges. The total equal standard pollution load (as well as the load of each pollution source and its pollutant amount) is the highest in the Nayong River Basin and the lowest in the Baishui River Basin. The contributions of human activities to TP and TN have similar spatial distributions. The impact of human activities on COD discharge is minimal. The quantitative results of this model are basically consistent with the actual conditions in the Pingzhai Reservoir Basin, which suggests that the model reasonably reflects the impact of human activities on the water environment of the basin.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Impacts of Climate Change and Downscaling Methods on Future Runoff Projections in the Biliu River Basin

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Wu ◽  
Qi ◽  
Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Lower Envelope ◽  
The Impact

This paper assesses the uncertainties in the projected future runoff resulting from climate change and downscaling methods in the Biliu River basin (Liaoning province, Northeast China). One widely used hydrological model SWAT, 11 Global Climate Models (GCMs), two statistical downscaling methods, four dynamical downscaling datasets, and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) are applied to construct 22 scenarios to project runoff. Hydrology variables in historical and future periods are compared to investigate their variations, and the uncertainties associated with climate change and downscaling methods are also analyzed. The results show that future temperatures will increase under all scenarios and will increase more under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5, while future precipitation will increase under 16 scenarios. Future runoff tends to decrease under 13 out of the 22 scenarios. We also found that the mean runoff changes ranging from −38.38% to 33.98%. Future monthly runoff increases in May, June, September, and October and decreases in all the other months. Different downscaling methods have little impact on the lower envelope of runoff, and they mainly impact the upper envelope of the runoff. The impact of climate change can be regarded as the main source of the runoff uncertainty during the flood period (from May to September), while the impact of downscaling methods can be regarded as the main source during the non-flood season (from October to April). This study separated the uncertainty impact of different factors, and the results could provide very important information for water resource management.

scholarly journals Hydrological Response of Precipitation and Human Activities—A Case Study in the Zuli River Basin, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenlu Huang ◽  
Qinke Yang ◽  
Weidong Huang ◽  
Junlong Zhang ◽  
Yuru Li
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Precipitation and human activities are two essential forcing dynamics that influence hydrological processes. To investigate those impacts, the Zuli River Basin (ZRB, a typical tributary basin of the Yellow River in China) was chosen to identify the impact of precipitation and human activities on runoff and sediment discharge. A double mass curve (DMC) analysis and the test methods, including accumulated variance analysis, sequential cluster, Lee-Heghnian, and moving t-test methods was utilized to determine the abrupt change point based on data from 1956 to 2015. Correlation formulas and multiple regression methods were used to calculate the runoff and sediment discharge reduction effects of soil conservation measures and to estimate the contribution rate of precipitation and soil conservation measures to runoff and sediment discharge. Our results show that the runoff reduction effect of soil conservation measures (45%) is greater than the sediment discharge reduction effect (32%). Soil conservation measures were the main factor controlling the 74.5% and 75.0% decrease in runoff and sediment discharge, respectively. Additionally, the contribution rate of vegetation measures was higher than that of engineering measures. This study provides scientific strategies for water resource management and soil conservation planning at catchment scale to face future hydrological variability.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Influences of Natural Factors and Human Activities on NDVI Changes in the Hanjiang River Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3780
Author(s):  
Ting Chen ◽  
Jun Xia ◽  
Lei Zou ◽  
Si Hong
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Range Type ◽  
Hanjiang River ◽  
The Impact

The Hanjiang River Basin (HJRB) is an important source area for drinking water in Hubei Province, China, and the vegetation coverage there is important to the ecological system. Due to the spatial heterogeneity and synergistic effect of various factors, it is very difficult to identify the main factors affecting vegetation growth in the HJRB. With the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from 2001 to 2018 in the HJRB, the spatiotemporal patterns of NDVI and the influences of natural factors and human activities on NDVI were investigated and quantified based on the Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, partial correlation analysis, and Geographical Detector. The individual factors and their interactions and the range/type of factor attributes suitable for vegetation growth were also examined. NDVI in the HJRB increased from 2001 to 2018, and the variation rate was 0.0046 year−1. NDVI was increasing in 81.17% of the area (p < 0.05). Elevation and slope can effectively explain the vegetation distribution. The interactions of factors on NDVI were significant, and the interactions of the elevation and precipitation can maximize the impact among all factors. The range of available landforms is thought to be highly conducive to vegetation growth. The rates of the annual precipitation and annual mean temperature changed from 2001 to 2018, which were 3.665 mm/year and 0.017 °C/year, and the regions where NDVI positively correlated with them were over 85%. Contrary to the general trend, NDVI has obviously decreased in urban areas since 2010. The quantitative findings of this study can help us better understand the effects of various factors on vegetation growth and provide appropriate suggestions for vegetation protection and restoration in the HJRB.

Spatio-temporal variability of streamflow in the Huaihe River Basin, China: climate variability or human activities?

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zharong Pan ◽  
Xiaohong Ruan ◽  
Mingkai Qian ◽  
Jian Hua ◽  
Nan Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
River System ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Driving Factor ◽  
Huaihe River Basin ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
The Huaihe River ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe water shortage in the Huaihe River Basin (HRB), China, has been aggravated by population growth and climate change. To identify the characteristics of streamflow change and assess the impact of climate variability and human activities on hydrological processes, approximately 50 years of natural and observed streamflow data from 20 hydrological stations were examined. The Mann–Kendall test was employed to detect trends. The results showed the following. (i) Both the natural and the observed streamflow in the HRB present downward trends, and the decreasing rate of observed streamflow is generally faster than that of the natural streamflow. (ii) For the whole period, negative trends dominate in the four seasons in the basin. The highest decreasing trends for two kinds of streamflow both occurred in spring, and the lowest ones were in autumn and winter. (iii) Based on the above analysis and quantifying assessment for streamflow decrease, human activity was the main driving factor in the Xuanwu (80.78%), Zhuangqiao (79.92%), Yongcheng (74.80%), and Mengcheng (64.73%) stations which all belong to the Huaihe River System (HRS). On the other hand, climate variability was the major driving factor in the Daguanzhuang (68.89%) and Linyi (63.38%) stations which all belong to the Yishusi River System (YSR).

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