scholarly journals OPTIMASI WAKTU HIDROLISIS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI FURFURAL BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG MIKRO

Konversi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Marinda Rahim ◽  
Mardhiyah Nadir
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Regional Center

Abstrak- Sebagai daerah sentra pengembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan industri crude palm oil (CPO), Kalimantan Timur memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. TKKS merupakan limbah padat dari hasil industri CPO yang menggunakan tandan buah sawit (TBS) sebagai bahan bakunya.  Bagian TKKS adalah 23% dari TBS. TKKS memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi jika diolah lebih lanjut. Salah satu cara yang digunakan adalah dengan menghidrolisis kandungan pentosan di dalam TKKS menjadi furfural. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah megembangkan teknik hidrolisis satu tahap TKKS menjadi furfural dengan bantuan gelombang mikro untuk mendapatkan waktu optimum yang dapat mengasilkan furfural maksimum.. Pada penelitian ini 10 gram TKKS ditambahkan dengan 250 mL H2SO4 15% sebagai katalis. Campuran kemudian dihidrolisis menggunakan bantuan gelombang mikro dengan variasi waktu 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, dan 105 menit. Hasil analisa dengan Gas Chromatography (GC) menunjukkan hasil furfural tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu 75 menit dengan konsentrasi 1,34 mg/mL.  Kata Kunci: furfural, gelombang mikro, hidrolisis, TKKS Abstract- As a regional center for the development of oil palm plantations and crude palm oil (CPO) industry, East Kalimantan has the potential to produce oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) in large enough quantities. EFB is the solid waste from the palm oil industry which uses palm fruit bunches (FFB) as a raw material. EFB part is 23% of FFB. Whereas EFB has a high economic value if processed further. One of the method that is used to hydrolyze the content of pentosan in EFB into furfural. The purpose of this research is to develop one step hydrolysis technique of EFB into furfural  with microwaves assistance  to obtain the optimum time which can produce maximum furfural. In this research 10 grams of EFB was added with 250 mL of H2SO4 15%  as the catalyst. The mixture was then hydrolyzed using microwave-assisted with a time variety of for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and105 minutes. The results of analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC) showed that the highest results of furfural  was at 75 minutes with a concentration of 1.34 mg / mL. Keywords: EFB, furfural, microwaves, hydrolysis

scholarly journals POTENSI DAN PELUANG TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PULP DAN KERTAS: STUDI KASUS DI INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwinsyah . ◽  
Atika Afriani ◽  
Teddy Kardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Potential Use

Oil palm biomass derived from oil palm processing plant has a very abundant availability or nearly equal to the yield of crude palm oil. This paper provides a review of the chemical and fibers characteristics from the empty fruit bunches of oil palm tree associated with the properties of pulp and papermaking. Potential use of fibers from oil palm tree, which is included in the group of nonwood, as raw material for pulp and paper is large enough for wood substitution. Opportunities to use oil palm tree fibers as raw material for pulp and paper in industrial scale is very prospective. Keywords: empty fruit bunches, characteristics, utilization, pulp, paperABSTRAKBiomassa sawit yang berasal dari pabrik pengolahan sawit memiliki ketersediaan sangat melimpah atau hampir sama dengan rendemen minyak sawit mentah. Makalah ini memberikan tinjauan mengenai karakteristik kimia dan serat dari tandan kosong sawit terkait dengan sifat-sifat pembuatan pulp dan kertas. Potensi penggunaan serat dari tanaman sawit yang termasuk dalam kelompok nonkayu sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas cukup besar, untuk substitusi kayu. Peluang penggunaan serat tanaman sawit serta pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas skala industri cukup prospektif.Kata kunci: tandan kosong sawit, karakteristik, pemanfaatan, pulp, kertas

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PALM SUGAR MASS ON THE MAKING OF THE COMPOS FROM THE PALM OIL SALES WITH ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION METHOD USING EM-4

Konversi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ramli Ramli ◽  
Marlinda Marlinda
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

Abstract- East Kalimantan, especially Kutai regency produces 1,112,442 tons/year of palm oil. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are one of the wastes generated in the processing of palm oil that is equal to 20-23% of the fresh fruit bunches, so the amount of EFB that can be generated is 244,737.24 tons/year. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of palm sugar as a nutrient to nutrient nitrogen EM4, phosphor and potassium in composting EFB. This research was conducted by varying the mass of Palm Sugar: 0.4000 g, 0.6000 g, 0.8000 g, 1.0000 g and 1.2000 g. The main composting process that was carried out by adding EM4 solution of 10 mL and 100 mL sugar solution into 200 grams EFB, letting it stand for 30 days, and after that the analysis was conducted. The total content of nutrients is highest on the mass of 1.2000 g palm sugar that is 3.174%. The conclusion of this study is the greater the mass of Palm Sugar is added, the greater the concentration of nutrients found in the composting by using bacterial EM4. Keywords: bio-activator EM4, palm Sugar, EFB.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF PALM OIL SHELL WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE ADDITIVES IN MANUFACTURING PAVING BLOCK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Wiratno ◽  
Samuel Layang ◽  
Wandra Prima Pera
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Palm shells are one of the wastes produced from the processing of crude palm oil in addition to empty fruit bunches and coir which account for 60% of oil production. Palm oil shell waste is widely used as active charcoal in the oil, rubber, sugar, and pharmaceutical industries. The potential of palm oil shell waste in Indonesia is very large considering the area of oil palm plantations which continues to increase every year. This study aims to determine the percentage of the addition of palm oil shell waste in the manufacture of paving blocks that provide optimum compressive strength and water absorption values from several variations of the addition of palm oil shell waste that replaces some of the fine aggregates. The study was carried out experimentally in a laboratory using a boxed specimen with a length of 20 cm, a width of 10 cm, a height of 6 cm by 40 pieces. The mixture uses a ratio of 1 cement and 5 sand with fas 0.3. Treatment of test specimens by immersion in water for further testing of compressive strength and absorption at the age of 28 days. Based on testing of the compressive strength of paving blocks with a percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% are respectively 8.08 MPa, 7.18 MPa, 6.46 MPa, 5.94 MPa. The value of paving block water absorption with a percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% are respectively 9.88%, 10.25%, 12.27%, 12.44%.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF PALM OIL INDUSTRY LIQUID WASTE

Konversi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Nisa Fitria ◽  
Vandhie Satyawira Gunawan ◽  
Mardiah Mardiah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Plantation Crops

Palm oil is one of the plantation crops that have high economic value and is growing rapidly. The wider the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia, the more palm oil mills will process palm fresh fruit marks and produce waste from processed palm oil, namely solid waste and liquid waste. Each tonne of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) processed at the plant will potentially leave waste of about 23% empty palm oil, 4% wet decanter solid, 6.5% shell, 13% fiber, and 50% liquid waste. This review will discuss the utilization of palm oil mill liquid waste (LCPKS) which is organic material that still contains many benefits such as nutrients, therefore the application of liquid waste is an effort to recycle some of the nutrients (recycling nutrients) which is followed by harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from oil palm so that it will reduce the cost of fertilization which is classified as very high for oil palm cultivation. During the processing of oil palm fruit into palm oil in the palm oil industry, the remaining process is obtained in the form of liquid waste. If done properly, the liquid waste of the palm oil industry is considerable potential and can increase the added value of waste itself.Keywords: liquid waste industry, palm oil, utilization  

scholarly journals STUDI PERBANDINGAN RANTAI PEMASARAN TANDAN BUAH SEGAR KELAPA SAWIT DI DESA JONGGON KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Ahmad Reza Vahlevi ◽  
Ernita Obeth ◽  
Budi Winarni ◽  
Budi Winarni
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Cooperative Processing ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

This research is motivated by oil palm farmers, which is in contrast to the high demand for fresh fruit bunches, as the main raw material for producing crude palm oil. On the other hand, oil palm smallholders are also involved in several different supply chains. The purpose of this study was to determine the management of fresh fruit bunches  marketing and the amount of profit received by farmers through the marketing of oil palm fresh fruit bunches  in Jonggon Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The analytical method used is descriptive quantitative and marketing margin analysis. The method of determining respondents used purposive sampling method and the respondents in this study were plasma and non-plasma farmers, collector traders and plasma cooperatives, and crude palm oil processing factories owned by PT. Niaga Mas Gemilang in Jonggon Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The results of the respondents' research are in 2 running marketing channels, namely the first marketing channel, namely farmer-cooperative-processing factory, and the second one is farmer-trader-processing factory. Farmers involved in the first supply chain get a profit of Rp. 900 / kg and the farmers involved in the second supply chain get a profit of Rp. 1070 / kg.

scholarly journals Design and development of a manually operated oil palm crusher

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Awal ◽  
CK Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Fruits

Palm growers in Bangladesh are currently facing problems to extract crude palm oil from FFB.  The traditional method of palm oil processing is time-consuming, laborious, hazardous, and inefficient resulting in the production of low-quality oil. Though mechanical processing is costly but produces good quality Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and the oil recovery rate is high. A low-cost mechanical (manually operated) oil palm crusher was designed and febricated in the workshop of the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The crusher was designed by using Auto-Cad software. It was fabricated according to design parameters. It is fabricated by stainless steel (SS) shaft, stainless steel cylinder, mild steel (MS) hopper, (MS) hollow bars, MS pressure case cap & Bearing. It requires a very small rotating force. The cost of the crusher is only BDT 12000, which is within the buying capacity of the farmers of Bangladesh. Crusher was mounted on the table or bench. At first 500 gm fresh palm fruits were taken for experimentation. About 300 gm mesocarp and 200 gm oil palm kernel (nuts) were found from 500 gm oil palm fruits. Heating 300 gm mesocarp about 15 minutes and was weighted 280 gm mesocarp due to moisture loss. About 62 gm crude palm oil, 124 gm oil cake, 88 gm skum were collected from 280 gm mesocarp. The average m.c (wb) of fresh palm fruit was found 20.73%. The crushing capacity of the mesocarp of the crusher was o.84 kg/hr. The rotating speed of the screw was 26 rpm. Crude oil percentage was found 22.14%. The total time to extract 62 gm crude palm oil from 500 gm of fresh fruit was 1hr and 15 minutes. The weight of the crusher is 11 kg which is easy to operate by one man. The overall performance of the crusher was found quite satisfactory and could be useful for smallholder palm growers in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture 32 (1): 60-70, 2021

scholarly journals Exogenous ethylene application on postharvest oil palm fruit bunches improves crude palm oil quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Lye Chew ◽  
Bee Aik Tan ◽  
Jaime Yoke Sum Low ◽  
Noor Irma Nazashida Mohd Hakimi ◽  
Shwu Fun Kua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL TO ANALYZE AND IMPROVE THE PRODUCTION OF CRUDE PALM OIL DERIVATIVES

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erma Suryani ◽  
Rully A. Hendrawan ◽  
Suryo Atmojo ◽  
Lily P. Dewi
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Derivatives ◽  
Derivative Products

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producer in world. The products of palm oil derivative diverse, ranging from cooking oil, margarine, soap, and biodiesel. So far, Indonesia is more likely to export Crude Palm Oil (CPO) to various countries. But on the other hand, Indonesia need to reduce the burden imports of some palm oil derivative products such as cooking oil, biodiesel, and soap. It is therefore, we need a breakthrough to improve the production of crude palm oil and its derivative products so that we can increase the availability of the derivative products. Based on this existing condition, we need an approach that can analyze the use condition of the palm oil derivative products and improve the palm oil use of derivative products in the future. Therefore, in this research, we will develop a model that can analyze and develop some policy scenarios to improve the utilization of palm oil derivative products. The method used for the model development is system dynamics, based on the ability to accommodate the internal and external factors that affect the production of palm oil derivative products.From the model scenarios we obtained that by sorting the fruits harvested, so that the levels of Oil Extraction Rate is at 22.1%, it can increase the stock of CPO by 11%. By utilizing 50% of CPO for the cooking oil production will meet the needs of the national cooking oil demand, with a ratio of 1.5 fulfillment began in 2010. If we utilize 35% of CPO to be processed as stearin, and use 10% of stearin in the soap contain, it will fulfill the need of domestic soap until 2015.  By utilizing the empty fruit bunches waste as raw material for biodiesel, there will be additional biodiesel production of around 920,479 kilolitres in 2019. Meanwhile, the use of 1% of CPO production to create biodiesel, it will make biodiesel production reaches 31,173 kilolitres in 2019.  From these efforts, there will be 951,652 kilolitres biodiesel production in 2019. 

scholarly journals Production of Xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Friuts Bunch: A Case Study on Bioefinery Concept

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTAP Kresnowati ◽  
Efri Mardawati ◽  
Tjandra Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

The concept of biorefinery offers the utilization of biomass, in particular agricultural waste, to be converted intoenergy, chemicals, materials, and food. In 2013 Indonesia produced about 27.4 thousand tons of crude palm oil(CPO) which corresponds to approximately 30 thousand tons of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), the biomasswaste from palm oil industries. The huge availability of EFB in Indonesia may serve as a good starting point toimplement the concept of biorefinery. EFB mainly comprises of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thecellulosic components of EFB have been thoroughly studied, i.e. for the production of bioethanol. Thehemicellulosic component of EFB, which is a polymeric substance that comprises mainly of xylose, has beenbarely explored. This paper reviewed the potential utilization of hemicellulosic component of EFB to beconverted to xylitol, the 5-carbon-sugar-alcohol which is low calorie, low Glycemic Index, and anti-cariogenic.The pretreatment and hydrolysis of EFB and the following fermentation of EFB hydrolysate to xylitol will bediscussed further.

scholarly journals Terjadinya Isomerisasi dan Oksidasi - dan -Karoten Selama Proses Pengolahan CPO

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Reni Subawati Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Artanto Martosupono
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Sterilization Process ◽  
Major Factors

Isomerization and oxidation has been known as the major factors of the degradation of carotenoid compounds.The carotenoid compounds in oil palm fruit are dominated by - and -karoten. Result of this experiment showedthat the isomerization of the - and -karoten during the process productions of crude palm oil (CPO) indicated bythe reducing of trans ? and trans -caroten concentrations and followed by the increasing of cis - and cis ?-caroten concentrations. Isomerization promote to increasing the concentration of cis - and cis -carotenapproximately 40 ppm and 19 ppm on the sterilization process, then 79 ppm and 134 ppm on the extraction andclarification process of crude oil. On the other hand, the purification process just only increased the concentrationof cis ?-karoten about 19 ppm. The Oxidation of the - and -caroten caused to the increasing of lutein andzeaxantin as the degradation product. The - and -caroten oxidation can be increasing the amount of lutein andzeaxantin approximately 1 ppm and 5 ppm on the sterile fruit, 22 ppm and 14 ppm on the extract crude oil, 1 ppmand 3 ppm on purifying oil. The oxidation process of oil palm extract in the vacuum drier tank can be increased thelutein concentration about 6 ppm.

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