EFFECT OF CHARCOAL QUALITY ON TOXICITY OF HOOKAH TOBACCO

Анализ современного российского рынка табачной продукции свидетельствует о росте популярности смесей для кальяна. Особенностью данного продукта является специфика его потребления: нагрев с использованием натурального древесного или кокосового угля. Угарный газ – монооксид углерода в дыме кальяна появляется вследствие сгорания угля. Исследованы качественные характеристики угля для кальяна – влажность, продолжительность розжига и горения, динамика изменения температуры чаши и калауда в процессе работы кальянной системы – и его влияние на органолептические свойства кальянного дыма и содержание монооксида углерода в нем. В качестве объекта исследования были образцы угля для кальяна на основе скорлупы грецкого ореха (Украина), на основе скорлупы кокосового ореха (Индонезия), а также быстровозгорающийся древесный уголь, пропитанный селитрой (Польша). Установлено, что содержание монооксида углерода в аэрозоле при использовании угля из скорлупы грецкого ореха на 20% ниже, чем при использовании угля из скорлупы кокосового ореха, и в 10 раз ниже, чем при нагревании быстровозгорающимся древесным углем, пропитанным селитрой. Угли из скорлупы грецкого ореха и скорлупы кокоса имеют большую, чем быстровозгорающийся древесный уголь, продолжительность розжига, однако они характеризуются большей продолжительностью горения, меньше влияют на органолептическое восприятие курильщика и подходят для использования в любых кальянных системах (с калаудом и без него). Analysis of modern Russian market of tobacco products indicates that popularity of hookah tobacco is increasing. The main distinctive feature of this product is peculiarity of its consuming. It is heated by natural charcoal or coconut charcoal. Carbon monoxide in hookah aerosol appears due to burning process of utilized charcoal. Qualitative characteristics of charcoal – humidity, time of starting charcoal burning and time of burning, dynamics of temperature change of the bowl and kalaud during the hookah system are investigated. The effect of hookah charcoal on the organoleptic properties of hookah smoke and the carbon monoxide content in it has been determined. Samples hookah charcoal made of walnut shells (Ukraine), charcoal made of coconut shells (Indonesia), quick lighted charcoal made of wood charcoal and impregnated with niter (Poland) were used as the object of the study. It was found that the carbon monoxide content in the aerosol when using walnut shells charcoal is 20% lower than when using coconut shells charcoal, and 10 times lower than when using quick lighted charcoal. Despite the fact that charcoals from walnut shell and from coconut shell have a much longer time of starting burning than quick lighted charcoal, they are characterized by a longer burning, less affect the organoleptic perception of the smoker and are suitable for use in any hookah systems (with calaud and without it).

ST37 Steel Carburization with Coconut Charcoal

The carburization process is a surface hardening process where carbon is added to the surface without changing the core properties of the material. This process is carried out at the austenite temperature so that the carbon can diffuse into the phase. This process can only be done on low carbon steels with content below 0.25%. This research was conducted on ST37 steel, which is steel with low carbon content with 0.18% carbon content. This type of steel is surface hardened with a carburizing temperature of 850 C with a long lasting time of 1 hour, then it is carried out under moderate cooling with outside air media. And change its mechanical properties from the comparison of the initial mechanical properties of the specimen. The highest hardness value occurs in the carburizing process of coconut shell charcoal, but this hardness value occurs not because of the carburization process but because of the enlarged grain size caused by heating at temperatures below 723⁰ C, thus reducing the elongation properties of the material. Carburizing with battery stone media is more efficient than coconut shell charcoal at temperatures below 723 C. Because the temperature is below the austenite temperature, the absorbed carbons cannot diffuse as happened in the carburization process, but the absorbed carbons can bind the grain boundaries and change their hardness by 4%. In the microstructure research that occurs in this process nothing can change its phase because the temperature does not reach the austenite temperature. However, there are differences in the microstructure between the carburization process with coconut shell charcoal media.

Study of Coconut Charcoal Powder and Egg Shell Powder as Partial Replacement to Fine Aggregates and Cement in Load Bearing Concrete Bricks

Waste disposal is one of the issues that plague the society. Philippines is an agricultural country due to its strategic location in the tropics. Because of this nature, the agriculture sector tends to produce a huge amount of waste that if not disposed properly could pose a threat to the society and to the environment. With the advancement of technology, it has been a challenge for researchers to improve the quality of construction materials that is used in the industry. Studies have been performed on the possibilities of incorporating agricultural wastes to various construction materials as a form of waste diversion. In order to address the problem with agricultural wastes as well as to improve the property of construction materials, a study on coconut waste and eggshell waste was conducted as a constituent in concrete brick production. In this study, the density, compressive strength as well as the water absorption of concrete bricks with coconut charcoal powder (CCP) and eggshell powder (ESP) as replacement for fine aggregates and cement was conducted. Different mix ratios (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% CCP with a constant value of 5% ESP in each mix ratio) were carried out and the results were compared to a control sample. From the results of the density test, the concrete bricks with 5% CCP and 5% ESP was the lightest at a density of 1678.184 kg/m3, it also showed the least water absorption at 8.58% and exhibited the highest compressive strength at 17.5 MPa.

Decision Support System in Choosing The Quality of Charcoal Briquettes from Coconut Shell to Improve The Quality and Maximised by The Method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (the case study in Padang pariaman)

The regency of Padang Pariaman is one of the centres of the plantation to the plant oil in the region of West Sumatra. Many find various types of plant oil that spread in every area. Decision-Making system (DSS) should be able to understand the problems that exist that are the basis for the decision (the decision Maker) to determine the priority of the selection and determine the type of charcoal coconut charcoal quality to be used as briquettes. This study obtained the top Level (Goal) is the selection of Charcoal Material priorities approved as the purpose of this study. The Level of the heart (the Criterion) in the hierarchy that shows the criteria that the Color of the Skin, Coconut Fiber, Coconut Shell, water Content, Coconut Meat. The lowest Level (Alternatives) in the hierarchy that shows the alternate choice of the Type of Coconut, which is helpful as briquettes, that Old Coconut, Coconut Koreang, Coconut Mudang, Young Coconut. Of the highest rank possessed by the alternatives is the type of Old Coconuts (0.600) and second by the kind of Coconut Koreang 2 (0.242), the Type of Coconut 3 Coconut Mudang (0.113) and ranking low is a Young Coconut (0.046) as a material consideration in the manufacture of charcoal quality then in the analysis, the priority is the “Old Palm” Keywords: Coconut, Briquettes, Shell, DSS, AHP

Pengaruh Pemberian Sub Soil dan Arang Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Akasia (Acacia mangium. Willd) Pada Media Bekas Tambang Pasir

Sand mining which continuously done may cause the sand of amount in the bottom of river decreasing and may result, to the destruction of the river if occured for a long period. Revegetation activity must be done on some former sand mining river boundaries. Acacia (Acacia mangium) might be able to grow in low nutrient soil. The purposes of this research is to get information about sub soil and coconut charcoal granting effects towards acacia seedling growth on former sand mining medium.The research showed that the interaction of the added sub soil and coconut shell charcoal is significant to the heightand diameter parameter of acacia seedling while sub soil addition is significant to Dry Weight Total (DWK) parameter. Interaction of 250 g sub soil, 60 g charcoal on 750 g sand is the best treatment to enhance seedling tall growth for about 88.73%. Interaction of 750 g sub soil on 250 g sand is the most significant treatment for diameter parameter for about 71.21% diameter growth. The best treatment for Dry Weight Total (DWK) is shown by interaction of 250 g sub soil and 250 g charcoal on 500 g sand. Charcoal granting independently is not significant to addition acacia seedling growth. The addition of sub soil only showed the best result of 750 g sub soil granting with diameter growth around 71.21%. Key words: Acacia mangium. Willd., charcoal, sand mining, sub soil

PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING BRIKET ARANG BATOK KELAPA MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI, PEMASARAN DAN KEUANGAN PADA USAHA BRIQCO DAN D’BRIQUETTES DI KABUPATEN BANTUL

AbstrakUnit Kegiatan Masyarakat (UKM) briket arang batok kelapa mempunyai peluang ekspor yang cukup besar. Kebutuhan akan briket arang oleh negara Barat dan Timur Tengah mendorong permintaan luar negeri semakin meningkat. Dua UKM di Bantul yang sudah melakukan ekspor produk briket arang kelapa adalah BriqCo dan D’Briquettes. Kedua UKM tersebut mempunyai permasalahan yaitu permasalahan pengelolaan keuangan yang masih konvensional, belum maksimalnya penggunaan internet dan perlunya peningkatan kapasitas produksi. Metode yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah pelatihan dan pembelian software akuntasi untuk memudahkan pembukuan keuangan. Metode yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah minimnya penggunaan internet yaitu dilakukan pemasangan Wifi dan pendampingan secara intensif dalam penggunaan internet untuk tujuan bisnis. Metode yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah peningkatan produksi yaitu dengan pembuatan belt conveyor yang dapat menambah kecepatan dan jumlah produksi.Kata kunci: Briket arang batok kelapa, Manajemen keuangan, Software akuntansi, Pelatihan internet, Mesin belt conveyorAbstractThe Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) of coconut shell charcoal briquettes has considerable export opportunities. The need for charcoal briquettes by Western and Middle Eastern countries has pushed foreign demand to increase. Two SMEs in Bantul that have exported coconut charcoal briquettes are BriqCo and D’Briquettes. The two SMEs have problems, namely the problem of still conventional financial management, not yet the maximum use of the internet and the need to increase production capacity. The method used to overcome these problems is training and purchasing accounting software to facilitate financial accounting. The method used to overcome the problem of the minimal use of the internet is the installation of Wifi and intensive assistance in the use of the internet for business purposes. The method used to overcome the problem of increasing production is by making conveyor belts that can increase the speed and amount of production.Keywords: Coconut shell charcoal briquettes, Financial management, Accounting software, Internet training, Machines conveyor belt

PENGARUH FREKUENSI PEMBILASAN FILTER ARANG AKTIF BATOK KELAPA DAN SPONS PADA SISTEM RESIRKULASI TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN IKAN MAANVIS (Pterophyllum Scalare)

ABSTRACTThe frequency of flushing on coconut charcoal and sponge filters by Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS) can apply to maintain water quality. This research was conducted on Laboratorium Dasar Perikanan, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University from March to May 2017. The study used Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment were using filter flushing every week (P1), 2 weeks (P2), 3 weeks (P3) and without leaching (P4). The parameters observed were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and ammonia. The results showed that the flushingfrequency gave of the filter has a positive effect on water quality parameters. Treatment P2 has resulting better water quality such as temperature (28.3-29.2), pH (6.9-7.2), DO (1.11 mg.L-1), Turbidity (0.00 NTU), TDS (22.33 mg.L-1), ammonia (0.020 mg.L-1), survival rate 83.33%, absolute growth (0.93 cm for lenght and 0.58 g for weight). Keywords: flushing of filter, resirculation system, water quality, angelfish