Investigation of the Thermal Conductivity and Flexural Strength of Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Material with SiC and Al2O3 Added

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Faruk Yesildal ◽  
Esra Kul ◽  
Ruhi Yesildal ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Base Resin

Although polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a denture base material, its disadvantages include low strength and low thermal conductivity. The effects on thermal conductivity, flexural strength, thermal diffusivity, and elastic modulus of adding Al2O3 and SiC powders in different volumes to PMMA were investigated. A total of 60 specimens were prepared in 10 groups (five groups for the thermal conductivity test and five groups for the flexural strength test (n:6). The specimens were immersed in water for 30 days before the testing. Thermal conductivity values were measured by the transient hot bridge (THB) method, and flexural strengths were measured by the 3-point bend test. A significant difference was found in thermal conductivity, flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and elastic modulus values between independent groups (P [0.001) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Kruskal Wallis 1-way ANOVA was used for the post hoc tests after Kruskal Wallis (a;=.05). The thermal conductivity of PMMA increased significantly with the addition of 15% SiC and 15% Al2O3. The flexural strength values decreased significantly with the addition of 10% SiC and 15% Al2O3. The thermal diffusivity values increased significantly with the addition of 10% and 15% SiC. The Young modulus of PMMA decreased when 10% SiC, 10% Al2O3 and 15% Al2O3 were added. Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) showed that ceramic powders were dissipated in PMMA. The addition of 15% SiC powders to PMMA increased thermal conductivity without significantly reducing flexural strength. This study helped determine the optimum volumes for the use of SiC and Al2O3 powders. Knowledge of the importance of this variable will help in more effective modification of denture base resin with SiC and Al2O3 powders to improve heat transfer without adversely affecting strength.

scholarly journals Investigation of the thermal conductivity and flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base material with SiC and Al2O3 added

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
esra kul ◽  
faruk yeşildal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Point Bend

Abstract Background:Although polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a denture base material, its disadvantages include low strength and low thermal conductivity. The effects on thermal conductivity, flexural strength, thermal diffusivity,and elastic modulus of adding Al2O3and SiC powders in different volumes to PMMA were investigated. Methods:A total of 60 specimens were prepared in 10 groups (five groups for the thermal conductivity test and five groups for the flexural strength test) (Table 3). The specimens were immersed in water for 30 days before the testing. Thermal conductivity values were measured by the transient hot bridge (THB) method, and flexural strengths were measured by the 3-point bend test. A significant difference was found in thermal conductivity, flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and elastic modulus values between independent groups (P <0.001) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Kruskal Wallis 1-way ANOVA was used for the post hoc tests after Kruskal Wallis (α=.05). Results: The thermal conductivity of PMMA increased significantly with the addition of 15% SiC and 15% Al2O3. The flexural strength values ​​decreased significantly with the addition of 10% SiC and 15% Al2O3. The thermal diffusivity values increased significantly with the addition of 10% and 15% SiC. The Young modulus of PMMA decreased when 10% SiC, 10% Al2O3and 15% Al2O3 were added. Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) showed that ceramic powders were dissipated in PMMA. Conclusions: The addition of 15% SiC powders to PMMA increased thermal conductivity without significantly reducing flexural strength.

scholarly journals Effects of SiO2 Incorporation on the Flexural Properties of a Denture Base Resin: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara T. Alzayyat ◽  
Ghadah A. Almutiri ◽  
Jawhara K. Aljandan ◽  
Raneem M. Algarzai ◽  
Soban Q. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Nano Sio2 ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
Denture Base Resin

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of low-silicon dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material. Materials and Methods A total of 50 rectangular acrylic specimens (65 × 10 × 2.5 mm3) were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin. In accordance with the amount of nano-SiO2, specimens were divided into the following five groups (n = 10 per group): a control group with no added SiO2, and four test groups modified with 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% nano-SiO2 of acrylic powder. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured by using a 3-point bending test with a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope was used for fracture surface analyses. Data analyses were conducted through analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Compared with the control group, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity tended to significantly increase (p ˂ 0.001) with the incorporation of nano-SiO2. In between the reinforced groups, the flexural strength significantly decreased (p ˂ 0.001) as the concentrations increased from 0.25 to 1.0%, with the 1.0% group showing the lowest value. Furthermore, the elastic modulus significantly increased (p ˂ 0.001) at 0.05% followed by 1.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and least in control group. Conclusion A low nano-SiO2 addition increased the flexural strength and elastic modulus of a PMMA denture base resin.

scholarly journals Optimization of Variables Influencing the Thermal Conductivity and Fracture Strength of Reinforced PMMA by Using the Taguchi Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Esra Kul ◽  
Faruk Yesildal ◽  
Emre Mandev ◽  
Cafer Celik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Design Method ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Base Resin

How the particle size and volumetric ratio of silicon carbide (SiC) powder additions will strengthen polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is unclear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to optimize the reinforcement parameters of PMMA with SiC powder by using the Taguchi experimental design method. Particle size, volumetric rate, silane coupling rate, and mixing type were determined as parameters that would affect the reinforcement of PMMA with SiC powder. Using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, test specimens with different parameter combinations were fabricated and tested. The fracture load (in newtons) of each specimen group was recorded with the 3-point bend test. The thermal conductivity values of 60x50-mm and 3-mm-thick rectangular specimens were measured by using the Linseis THB100 thermal conductivity unit. The thermal diffusivity values were then calculated. Thermal analysis indicated improvement in the thermal conductivity of PMMA after reinforcement with SiC. The maximum thermal diffusivity was obtained with 15% SiC powder by volume. Thermal conductivity and flexural strength increased with an increase in particle size. The maximum flexural strength value was obtained with 5% SiC powder by volume. Increasing the particle size of the filler SiC powder resulted in increased thermal conductivity and flexural strength. Increasing the SiC filler powder by volume increased the thermal conductivity of PMMA but reduced its flexural strength. This study helped determine the optimum conditions for the use of SiC powder. Knowledge of the importance of these variables will help in more effective modification of denture base resin with SiC powder to improve heat transfer without adversely affecting strength.

scholarly journals The Impact of Polymerization Technique and Glass-Fiber Reinforcement on the Flexural Properties of Denture Base Resin Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 092-099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Al-Thobity
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Denture Base Resin

Abstract Objective Different polymerization and reinforcement techniques have been tested to enhance the mechanical characteristics of denture base acrylic resins. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of autoclave polymerization techniques with glass fiber reinforcement on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of polymethyl methacrylate denture base resins. Materials and Methods Ninety specimens were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin and randomly distributed depending on the polymerization technique into three groups (n = 30): water bath polymerization, short-cycle autoclave polymerization, and long-cycle autoclave polymerization. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) based on the concentration of glass fiber 0, 2.5, and 5wt%. The flexural strength and elastic modulus were investigated using a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were performed to analyze the results (α = 0.05). Results The flexural strength and elastic modulus values were significantly higher in 5wt% glass fiber reinforced long-cycle autoclave group in comparison with the other test groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions The long-cycle autoclave polymerization technique with the glass fiber reinforcement significantly increased the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the denture base resin material.

scholarly journals Variations in Flexural Strength of Heat-polymerized Acrylic Resin after the Usage of Denture Cleansers

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kalavathi ◽  
Mallikarjuna Ragher ◽  
G Vinayakumar ◽  
Sanketsopan Patil ◽  
Aishwarya Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
Denture Cleansers

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare changes in the flexural strength of heat-cured denture base resins when treated using denture cleansers. Study design A total of 40 specimens with dimension 65 mm length, 10 mm width, and 3 mm thickness were prepared as per ISO 1567 specification. A total of 10 specimens were immersed in distilled water to be used as control. Of the remaining 30 samples, 10 were treated with Clinsodent, 10 with VI-Clean, and 10 with Clanden denture cleansers. Specimens in each group were subjected to three-point flexural load in universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. The peak load (N) was recorded and flexural strength was calculated. The findings were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney test. Results Heat-cured denture base resin selected for this study showed significant difference in flexural strength after immersion in denture cleansers Clinsodent, VI-Clean, and Clanden solutions, when compared with the control group. Conclusion Findings of this study showed that denture cleansers altered the flexural strength of heat polymerized acrylic resins that endured soaking cycles which simulated 180 days of use. Hence, denture cleansers should be used with caution, once a day after brushing the dentures. It is advisable for patients to follow the manufacturer's instructions. How to cite this article Ragher M, Vinayakumar G, Patil S, Chatterjee A, Mallikarjuna DM, Dandekeri S, Swetha V, Pradeep MR. Variations in Flexural Strength of Heat-polymerized Acrylic Resin after the Usage of Denture Cleansers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):322-326.

scholarly journals Effect of Incorporation of Different Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Agent on the Flexural and Impact Strength of Heat-Cured Denture Base Resin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyali Sarkar ◽  
Sandeep Garg ◽  
Nidhi Mangtani Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Denture Base Resin

Abstract Aim This article evaluates the effect of incorporating different concentrations of silver nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent on the flexural and impact strength of heat-cured denture base resin. Material and Methods A total of 80 specimens of polymethyl methacrylate resin were fabricated (40 for flexural strength and 40 for impact strength). Specimens were fabricated using stainless steel die of dimension 65 mm × 10 mm × 2.5 mm as per the American Dental Association specification no. 12, and 50 mm × 6 mm × 4 mm as per ISO 1567:1999 for flexural strength and impact strength, respectively, and were divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) based on the concentrations of silver nanoparticles (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%). The specimens were subjected to three-point bending test and Izod impact tester for testing flexural and impact strength, respectively. Data obtained was compiled and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests. Results Results showed that for both the properties, maximum strength was observed in group A (control) followed by groups B and C, and minimum was observed in group D. A statistically significant difference in flexural strength was found among all the groups, whereas no statistically significant difference in impact strength was found among any of the groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that though incorporation of silver nanoparticles exhibited no effect on the impact strength of heat cure denture base resin, it decreased the flexural strength, so it should be used cautiously.

scholarly journals The effect of nanoparticles TiO2 on the flexural strength of acrylic resin denture plate

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Tandra ◽  
Endang Wahyuningtyas ◽  
Erwan Sugiatno
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Denture Plate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strength Difference ◽  
The One

Introduction: Acrylic resin is still the most commonly used denture base material due to its ideal properties. However, acrylic resin denture fractures are still considered a major unsolved problem thus the addition of nanoparticles as filler was performed to increase its mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to discovered the effect of nanoparticles TiO2 on the flexural strength of acrylic resin denture plate. Method: This study used 27 heat-cured acrylic resin specimens sized 65 x 10 x 2.5 mm. The samples were divided into three concentration groups (n = 9), the control group; 1% of nanoparticles TiO2; and 3% of nanoparticles TiO2. The flexural strength was tested using the Universal Testing Machine. All data were analysed using the one-way ANOVA test with 95% confidence level then continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Results: There were significant flexural strength differences in different concentration of nanoparticles TiO2. The highest flexural strength value was found in the 1% of nanoparticles TiO2 group (106.99 ± 6.09 MPa), whilst the lowest flexural strength value was found in the 3% of nanoparticles TiO2 group (91.64 ± 5.38 MPa). Significant flexural strength difference was found between the control group and the 1% of nanoparticles TiO2 group, and also between the 1% of nanoparticles TiO2 group with the 3% of nanoparticles TiO2 group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: From this study can be concluded that concentration of 1% of nanoparticles TiO2 was able to increase the flexural strength of acrylic resin denture plate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Polymethyl Methacrylate modified with Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles subjected to Two Different Curing Cycles: An in vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
LM Ranganath ◽  
Ajay Gaikwad ◽  
Saket K Jain ◽  
Kapil S Pal
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colloidal Nanoparticles ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles ◽  
Denture Base Resin

ABSTRACT Aim Silver colloidal nanoparticles have been incorporated into acrylic resins to induce antimicrobial properties. However, as additives, they can influence the mechanical properties of the final product. Mechanical properties are also dependent on different curing cycles. The aim of this study was to evaluate flexural strength of a denture base resin incorporated with different concentrations of silver colloidal nanoparticles subjected to two different curing cycles. Materials and methods Lucitone 199 denture base resin was used into which silver colloidal nanoparticles were incorporated at 0.5 and 5% by polymer mass. Specimens devoid of nanoparticles were used as controls. A total of 60 specimens were fabricated and divided into two groups. Each group was divided into three subgroups consisting of 10 specimens each. The specimens were fabricated according to American Dental Association (ADA) specification No. 12 and tested for flexural strength using universal testing machine. Results Silver colloidal nanoparticle incorporation at 0.5% concentration increased the mean flexural strength in both curing cycles by 7.5 and 4.4%, respectively, when compared with the control group. Conclusion The study suggested that the mean flexural strength value of 0.5% silver colloidal nanoparticles in denture base resin was above the value of the control group both in short and long curing cycles, which makes it clinically suitable as a denture base material. However, at 5% concentration, the statistically significant amount of decrease in flexural strength compared with the value of control group both in short and long curing cycles gives it a questionable prognosis. Clinical significance The specimens incorporated with the antimicrobial agent 0.5% silver colloidal nanoparticles and processed by long curing cycles showed significant increase in its flexural strength compared with the control group, which makes it clinically suitable as a denture base material. How to cite this article Munikamaiah RL, Jain SK, Pal KS, Gaikwad A. Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Polymethyl Methacrylate modified with Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles subjected to Two Different Curing Cycles: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):262-268.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed vs. Heat-Polymerizing and Autopolymerizing Denture Base Acrylic Resins

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5781
Author(s):  
Leila Perea-Lowery ◽  
Mona Gibreel ◽  
Pekka K. Vallittu ◽  
Lippo V. Lassila
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Work Of Fracture

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of two post-curing methods on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed denture base material. Additionally, to compare the mechanical properties of that 3D-printed material with those of conventional autopolymerizing and a heat-cured denture base material. A resin for 3D-printing denture base (Imprimo®), a heat-polymerizing acrylic resin (Paladon® 65), and an autopolymerizing acrylic resin (Palapress®) were investigated. Flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, work of fracture, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The 3D-printed test specimens were post-cured using two different units (Imprimo Cure® and Form Cure®). The tests were carried out after both dry and 30 days water storage. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Resin type had a significant effect on the flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and work of fracture (p < 0.001). The flexural strength and elastic modulus for the heat-cured polymer were significantly the highest among all investigated groups regardless of the storage condition (p < 0.001). The fracture toughness and work of fracture of the 3D-printed material were significantly the lowest (p < 0.001). The heat-cured polymer had the lowest significant water solubility (p < 0.001). The post-curing method had an impact on the flexural strength of the investigated 3D-printed denture base material. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, work of fracture of the 3D-printed material were inferior to those of the heat-cured one. Increased post-curing temperature may enhance the flexural properties of resin monomers used for 3D-printing dental appliances.

A comparative study of heat-cured and gamma-cured fiber-reinforced denture-base acrylic resins: Residual monomer and flexural strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 530-540
Author(s):  
Ece Ergun ◽  
Ümit Ergun ◽  
Betül Kalıpçılar
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Residual Monomer ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Polyethylene Fiber ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was performed to determine and compare the effect of heat and gamma-ray polymerization methods on the residual monomer and flexural strength of polyethylene fiber-reinforced denture-base acrylic resins. Four groups ( n = 10) of specimens of polyethylene fiber-reinforced denture-base material were prepared in the form of thin disks. The first group was subjected to heat-curing and the other three groups were polymerized with gamma irradiation at doses of 15, 25, and 35 kGy, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to monitor the corresponding polymerization processes. The analysis of residual monomer was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector. A three-point bending test was used to evaluate the flexural strength of the samples. The one-way analysis of variance test was performed to determine the significant differences between the groups. The absence of the bands related to carbon–carbon double bond in the FTIR spectra of all test groups was an evidence of polymerization. The mean weight percentage of residual monomer was successively ranked from highest to lowest in; heat-cured, gamma-cured at 15–35 kGy. However, no significant difference ( p = 0.462) was found between gamma-cured samples at 25 and 35 kGy. Mechanical test results revealed that heat-cured samples had higher flexural strength than gamma-cured specimens ( p < 0.001). Within the limitations of this study, polymerization with gamma-rays at 15 kGy was proposed as a promising technique in terms of the residual monomer and flexural strength results.

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