The Relationship Between eNOS (G894T ) Gene Polymorphism and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2351-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Cozma ◽  
Adela Sitar Taut ◽  
Olga Orasan ◽  
Lucia Maria Procopciuc ◽  
Anca Daniela Farcas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Enos Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
G894t Polymorphism

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clustering entity characterized by obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Atherosclerotic lesions may be a complication of MS, arising from endothelial dysfunction and induced by decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), encoded by the NOS3 gene, and displays anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antiproliferative effects.We aimed to investigate the relationship between the G894T polymorphism of the eNOS gene and metabolic syndrome (including its components) and the association of this polymorphism with arterial function, assessed by determining pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index.The study included 100 consecutive patients, 55% with metabolic syndrome (based on IDF criteria -study group), 45% without MS (control group). Arterial stiffness was measured using TensioMedTMArteriograph. The presence of the homozygous (TT) or heterozygous (GT) state was associated, compared to subjects without the mutation (GG), with an increased prevalence of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, with an increase of abdominal circumference, an increase of triglycerides, without significantly influencing the level of HDL. No significant differences were found between patients with G894T polymorphism compared to those without the mutation regarding the arterial stiffness. The eNOS gene polymorphism: 894G]T was significantly associated with the presence of MS; the polymorphism in homozygous and heterozygous state was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. G894T polymorphism did not significantly influence the values of the studied arterial parameters (pulse wave velocity, aortic and brachial augmentation index).

The Relationship between Effective Arterial Capacitance and Pulse Wave Velocity is Dependent on Left Ventricular Stroke Volume

Angiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipupo Olafiranye ◽  
Ghazanfar Qureshi ◽  
Louis Salciccioli ◽  
Kinda Vernon-Jones ◽  
Charles Philip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
The Relationship

Background increased arterial stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular events. The stroke volume (SV) to pulse pressure (PP) ratio is an estimate of arterial capacitance. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a measure of arterial stiffness. This study evaluated the effect of left ventricular (LV) SV on the SV/PP–PWV relationship. Methods 97 patients had applanation tonometry and echocardiography to measure arterial capacitance (SV/PP), PWV, and central aortic pressure. Results 50 patients had normal SV and 47 had low SV. For all patients, PWV inversely correlated with SV/PP. PWV and SV/PP correlated more strongly in the normal SV group than in the low SV group. Aortic PP was significantly correlated with PWV in all patients, in the normal SV group, and in the low SV group. Conclusion effective arterial capacitance correlates with PWV. The presence of decreased SV weakens the relationship.

scholarly journals Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity is Associated With the Risk of Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Evidence From A Chinese Community-Based Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Tang ◽  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Nianchun Peng ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Shujing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Association of arterial stiffness and osteoporosis has been investigated in Chinese population. However, the relationship between arterial stiffness and osteoporosis by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the Osteoporosis Self‐assessment Tool for Asia (OSTA) index is not established. The object of this study was to evaluate possible associations between baPWV and the risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture among a population of Chinese. Whether baPWV can be used as a predictor of osteoporosis on OSTA was further assessed. Methods: This study was cross-sectional in design. Of 3,984 adults aged 40 years and older in the Yunyan district of Guiyang (Guizhou, China) who underwent both OSTA and baPWV measurements within one month , 1,407 were deemed eligible for inclusion (women: 1,088, men: 319) . Results: The mean baPWV was 1,475 ± 302 cm/s (range,766-3,459cm/s). baPWV in 110 individuals with high risk of osteoporosis (OSTA index < -4) was higher than that of individuals with non-high risk (1,733 ± 461 cm/s versus 1,447 ± 304 cm/s, P<0.001). OSTA index was negatively correlated with baPWV（ρ = -0.296，P < 0.001）after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure and creatinine clearance rate. baPWV was an independent predictor for the presence of high risk of osteoporosis (β = -0.001, P < 0.001) and the optimal baPWV cut-off value for predicting the presence of high risk of osteoporosis and fracture was 1,693 cm/s. The AUC was 0.722 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.667‐0.777; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that arterial stiffness measured by baPWV is well correlated with the severity of osteoporosis evaluated by OSTA. baPWV index may be a valuable tool for identifying individuals with risk of developing osteoporosis.

The Relationship Between Carotid Artery Structural Abnormality and Stiffness in Patients With Prehypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 888-888
Author(s):  
Ling-yu Zhang ◽  
Jian-hua Li ◽  
Yi-hua Shen ◽  
Guo-yan Xu ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background To investigate the difference of carotid structural abnormality and stiffness, and the relationship between carotid structural abnormality and stiffness in prehypertensive and normotensive subjects. Methods A total of 581 participants (270 with prehypertension, 311 normotensive control subjects) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University were enrolled from January 2017 to March 2019. Body height/weight, resting heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded. Blood biochemical indexes and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity were determined, and carotid ultrasonography was performed. Carotid intima–media thickness ≥1.0 mm and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity ≥10.0 m/s were defined as carotid structural abnormality and arterial stiffness, respectively. Results The percentage of patients with carotid structural abnormality (60.7% vs. 51.4%), carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity [(8.78 ± 1.48) vs. (7.92 ± 1.30) m/s], and the percentage of patients with arterial stiffness (13.7% vs. 5.8%) were increased in the prehypertension group compared with the control group (all P &lt; 0.05). In the prehypertension group, the percentage of patients with arterial stiffness in the abnormal carotid structure subgroup (n = 164) was higher than that in the normal carotid structure subgroup (n = 106) (20.1% vs. 3.8%, χ2 = 14.551, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, carotid structural abnormality, age, diabetes mellitus, resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and hypoglycemic therapy were all correlated with arterial stiffness (all P &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that carotid structural abnormality, age, diabetes mellitus, and resting heart rate were independently correlated with arterial stiffness, and patients with carotid structural abnormality had 5.25-fold higher risk of arterial stiffness than those with a normal carotid arterial structure (odds ratio = 5.250, 95% confidence interval 1.580–17.448, P = 0.007). However, in the normotensive group, no such relationships were observed between carotid artery structural abnormality and stiffness. Conclusions In prehypertensives but not normotensives, carotid artery structural abnormalities and stiffness are common, and independently correlated.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Arterial Stiffness Are Associated With Greater Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair J.S. Webb ◽  
Amy Lawson ◽  
Sara Mazzucco ◽  
Linxin Li ◽  
Peter M. Rothwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Purpose: Blood pressure variability (BPV) from beat to beat is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and enables rapid assessment of BPV, but the underlying causes of elevated BPV are unclear. Methods: In consecutive patients within 4 to 6 weeks of transient ischemic attack or nondisabling stroke (OXVASC [Oxford Vascular Study]), continuous noninvasive blood pressure was measured beat to beat over 5 minutes (Finometer). Arterial stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (Sphygmocor). After automated and manual data cleaning, associations between BPV (residual coefficient of variation), demographic factors, and arterial stiffness were determined for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, by ANOVA and linear models. Relationships between demographic factors and arterial stiffness were determined by interaction terms and mediation. Results: Among 1013 patients, 54 (5.3%) were in AF, and 51 (5%) had low-quality recordings. In a general linear model including the remaining 908 participants, systolic BPV (SBPV) was most strongly associated with age ( P =0.00003), body mass index (BMI; P =0.003), and arterial stiffness ( P =0.008), with weaker independent associations with current smoking ( P =0.01) and a low diastolic blood pressure ( P =0.046). However, while there was a linear increase in SBPV with BMI in men, in women, SBPV was lowest for a BMI in the normal range but was greater below 20 or above 30 (ANOVA, P =0.012; BMI-sex interaction, P =0.03). Although BMI and pulse wave velocity were partially independent, increased pulse wave velocity mediated ≈32% of the relationship between increased BMI and SBPV ( P <0.001). Conclusions: Vascular aging, manifest as arterial stiffness, was a strong determinant of increased SBPV and partially mediated the effect of increased BMI. However, although high BMI was independently associated with SBPV in both sexes, a low BMI was associated with increased SBPV only in women. SBPV may partially mediate the relationship between BMI and cardiovascular events, while obesity may provide a modifiable target to reduce SBPV and cardiovascular events.

Geometry is a major determinant of flow reversal in proximal aorta

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (10) ◽  
pp. H1408-H1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Z. Bensalah ◽  
Emilie Bollache ◽  
Nadjia Kachenoura ◽  
Alain Giron ◽  
Alain De Cesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Carotid Augmentation Index ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to quantify aortic backward flow (BF) using phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (PC-CMR) and to study its associations with age, indexes of arterial stiffness, and geometry. Although PC-CMR blood flow studies showed a simultaneous presence of BF and forward flow (FF) in the ascending aorta (AA), the relationship between aortic flows and aging as well as arterial stiffness and geometry in healthy volunteers has never been reported. We studied 96 healthy subjects [47 women, 39 ± 15 yr old (19–79 yr)]. Aortic stiffness [arch pulse wave velocity (PWVAO), AA distensibility], geometry (AA diameter and arch length), and parameters related to AA BF and FF (volumes, peaks, and onset times) were estimated from CMR. Applanation tonometry carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWVCF), carotid augmentation index, and time to return of the reflected pressure wave were assessed. Whereas FF parameters remained unchanged, BF onset time shortened significantly ( R2 = 0.18, P < 0.0001) and BF volume and BF-to-FF peaks ratio increased significantly ( R2 = 0.38 and R2 = 0.44, respectively, P < 0.0001) with aging. These two latter BF indexes were also related to stiffness indexes (PWVCF, R2 > 0.30; PWVAO, R2 > 0.24; and distensibility, R2 > 0.20, P < 0.001), augmentation index ( R2 > 0.20, P < 0.001), and aortic geometry (AA diameter, R2 > 0.58; and arch length, R2 > 0.31, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, aortic diameter was the strongest independent correlate of BF beyond age effect. In conclusion, AA BF estimated using PC-CMR increased significantly in terms of magnitude and volume and appeared earlier with aging and was mostly determined by aortic geometry. Thus BF indexes could be relevant markers of subclinical arterial wall alterations.

scholarly journals The relationship between coronary slow flow phenomenon and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity and aortic elastic properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204800402097309
Author(s):  
Hasan Akkaya ◽  
Ertuğrul Emre Güntürk
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Distensibility ◽  
Slow Flow ◽  
Coronary Slow Flow ◽  
Roc Area ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aortic Elastic Properties

Introduction In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between coronary slow flow (CSF) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV). Methods 78 (27 women, mean age 43.95 ± 7.28) patients with CSF, and 70 (22 women, mean age 44.34 ± 7.08) healthy individuals were included in the study. Arterial stiffness measurement was performed to both groups via CFPWV, which is considered the gold standard. Aortic elastic properties (ASI-β and aortic distensibility) were evaluated in both groups. Results The CSF group had significantly higher CFPWV and aortic distensibility values and significantly lower ASI-β values compared to the control group. There was a positive correlation between TIMI frame count (TFC) obtained in all coronary arteries and CFPWV and aortic distensibility, and a negative correlation between TFC and ASI-β. It was determined that CFPWV predicted CSF with 97% specificity and 98% sensitivity at a 7.68 cut-off value (ROC area = 994, p < 0.001). ASI-β was determined to predict CSF with 64% specificity and 47% sensitivity at a 2.98 cut-off value (ROC area = 047, p < 0.001). Aortic distensibility was determined to predict CSF with 76% specificity and 79% sensitivity at a 3.94 cut-off value (ROC area = 706, p < 0.001). Conclusion Arterial stiffness increases in CSF patients, suggesting that CSF is a systemic pathology rather than a local disease and that a systemic cause such as atherosclerosis plays a role in etiology.

scholarly journals Does body mass index or waist-hip ratio correlate with arterial stiffness based on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in Chinese rural adults with hypertension?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hu ◽  
Rihua Yu ◽  
Fengyu Han ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rural Adults

Abstract Background The relationship between obesity indices and arterial stiffness (AS) has not been fully discovered nor has it been studied in depth in large hypertensive patient populations. The aim of this study was to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) levels and AS based on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese rural adults with hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 5049 Chinese rural adults with essential hypertension. BMI was calculated as the body weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2). Central obesity was defined as WHR ≥ 0.9 for males and ≥ 0.85 for females. Measurement of arterial stiffness was carried out via brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results The prevalence of overweight, general obesity, central obesity and increased AS were 26.88%, 3.39%, 63.85% and 44.01%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI levels were negatively associated with the prevalence of increased AS (adjusted-OR per SD increase: 0.74, 95% CI 0.67–0.81, P < 0.001). When BMI was instead treated as a categorical variable divided into tertiles, the same relationship was observed (P for trend < 0.001). Inversely, WHR levels were positively associated with the prevalence of increased AS (adjusted-OR per SD increase: 1.25, 95% CI 1.14–1.36, P < 0.001). Compared to subjects without central obesity, those with central obesity had a higher prevalence of increased AS (adjusted-OR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.28–1.81, P < 0.001). Linear regression models indicated similar results in the correlation between BMI or WHR levels and baPWV levels (adjusted-β per SD increase: − 0.57, 95% CI − 0.68 to − 0.46, P < 0.001; adjusted-β per SD increase: 4.46, 95% CI 3.04–5.88, P < 0.001). There were no interactions in terms of age and blood pressure on the relationship between BMI or WHR levels and the prevalence of increased AS or baPWV levels. Conclusion There was an inverse relationship between BMI levels and increased AS or baPWV levels, whereas WHR levels and central obesity were positively associated with increased AS or baPWV levels in Chinese rural adults with hypertension.

Effects of resuming endurance training on arterial stiffness and nitric oxide production during exercise in elite cyclists

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Tordi ◽  
Eglantine Colin ◽  
Laurent Mourot ◽  
Malika Bouhaddi ◽  
Jacques Regnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Before And After

Exercise training improves arterial compliance due to increases in blood flow to skeletal muscle during repeated bouts of daily exercise. The effect of resuming training on arterial stiffness in previously well-trained subjects is poorly documented. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the vascular effects induced by return to exercise in highly trained cyclists. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness, was assessed at rest and during constant moderate-intensity cycle exercises before and after 16 weeks of endurance training. The impact of daily exercise on the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) measured as nitrate in plasma was examined at rest and during maximal exercise before and after the training period. At rest, PWV was significantly lower in the subjects after a training session (6.4 ± 0.4 vs. 8.1 ± 0.4 m·s-1, p < 0.05). During constant exercise, PWV was significantly and positively correlated with increases in blood pressure. The increased PWV induced by exercise was, however, significantly lower after training (9.8 ± 0.6 vs. 11.4 ± 0.6 m·s-1, p < 0.05). After the training program, nitrate plasma levels at rest were higher. During the maximal test, the plasma nitrate concentration was increased in the subjects studied before the training period, but not after. These results show that resumption of chronic endurance training rapidly induces adaptive changes in arterial stiffness and NO release that may contribute to improved physical fitness in athletes.Key words: exercise, trained subjects, pulse wave velocity, nitrate, arteries.

Abstract P142: Association of the Metabolic Syndrome With Pulse Wave Velocity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K Poon ◽  
Michelle L Snyder ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin ◽  
James S Pankow ◽  
David Couper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is an indicator of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with increased CVD risk. The determinants of arterial stiffness may be explained in part by a clustering of metabolic abnormalities (as defined by the metabolic syndrome). Our goal was to examine the association of central and peripheral arterial stiffness (as measured by carotid-femoral, brachial-ankle, and femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity) with the metabolic syndrome in older adults. We predicted higher arterial stiffness (i.e. higher pulse wave velocity measurements) in persons with compared to persons without the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We analyzed 3542 persons without diabetes at the ARIC Visit 5 examination in 2011-13 (61% female; 18% African American; median age 75 yrs). The metabolic syndrome was defined as ≥3 of the following: (1) abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm in males and ≥88 cm in females); (2) hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL), (3) low HDL-cholesterol (<40 mg/dL in males and <50 mg/dL in females), (4) high blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP≥85 mmHg and/or BP-lowering medications), and (5) high fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) included carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV), brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), and femoral-ankle PWV (faPWV); values were measured using the Colin VP-1000 Plus system (Omron Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). Multivariable regression, with adjustment for age, sex, and race-center, was used to evaluate the association of cfPWV, baPWV, and faPWV with the metabolic syndrome, with each component metabolic abnormality, and with the number of metabolic abnormalities. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 49% (SE 2); the three metabolic abnormalities with the highest prevalence were abdominal obesity (63% (SE 1)), elevated fasting glucose (60% (SE 1)), and high blood pressure (76% (SE 1)). A majority of participants had two (29% (SE 3)) or three (28% (SE 3)) metabolic abnormalities. Persons with the metabolic syndrome had a higher mean cfPWV (54 cm/s; 95% CI: 35, 73 cm/s), higher mean baPWV (22; 95% CI: 2, 42 cm/s, respectively), and lower mean faPWV (-18 cm/s; 95% CI: -31, -6 cm/s) compared to persons without the metabolic syndrome. Each additional metabolic abnormality was associated with a 28 cm/s (95% CI: 20, 36 cm/s) higher cfPWV, 19 cm/s (95% CI: 11, 27 cm/s) higher baPWV, and 6 cm/s (95% CI: -11, -1 cm/s) lower faPWV. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome and each additional metabolic abnormality was positively associated with cfPWV and baPWV, and inversely associated with faPWV in older adults. Abdominal obesity, elevated fasting glucose, and high blood pressure were the most common metabolic abnormalities in this cohort of older men and women. Having the metabolic syndrome and its abnormalities may contribute to arterial stiffness that is predictive of CVD events and mortality.

scholarly journals 24-hour arterial stiffness monitoring in comorbid patients with cardiovascular pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
L A Panchenkova ◽  
Kh A Khamidova ◽  
M O Shelkovnikova ◽  
T E Yurkova ◽  
N V Rassudova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Vascular Stiffness ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pulse Wave Transit Time ◽  
Arterial Stiffness Index

Aim. To evaluate 24-hour dynamics of the arterial stiffness main indicators in patients with arterial hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods. The study included 54 patients with hypertension, who formed main groups: the first group - 17 patients with hypertension amid the metabolic syndrome, the second - 21 patients with metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease, the third group - 16 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent the vascular stiffness parameters study using a multifunctional complex for the 24-hour monitoring and office measurements of blood pressure and vessels condition. At the same time blood pressure, cardiac function and vascular stiffness indicators were examined: PWVao - pulse wave velocity in the aorta (m/s); PWTT - the pulse wave transit time (m/s); Aix - augmentation index (%); Asi - the arterial stiffness index. (mmHg).Results. When comparing the 24-hour arterial stiffness dynamics indicators, changes were found in all main patients groups compared to the healthy group. Thus, a statistically significant increase in the pulse wave velocity in the aorta (PWVao) in all groups of patients compared with the control group, a decrease in the index of the pulse wave transit time (PWTT) in all main groups of patients and a significant increase in arterial stiffness index (Asi) were found. When assessing the results of arterial stiffness monitoring at night time significantly larger values of the pulse wave velocity in the aorta were observed in patients with the metabolic syndrome and combination of metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease. The obtained data are indicative of improvement in vascular stiffness indicators at night time in healthy individuals group, as well as maintaining a high degree of the vascular wall stiffness both in the night and in the daytime in a group of examined patients, especially in groups with the metabolic syndrome, and a combination of metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease.Conclusion. 24-hour monitoring of vascular stiffness indicators in comorbid patients have revealed variability of the main indicators during the day; such arterial stiffness indicators as the pulse wave transit time, pulse wave velocity in the aorta, the arterial stiffness index, augmentation index can be used to assess early signs of the major arteries remodeling.

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