Prototipe Track Inspection Car Indonesian Railway Academy API-02

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadang Sanjaya Atmaja ◽  
Moch Aziz Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Color Harmony ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Structural Iron ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In

Inspection railway are a re-design of railway that have been made in the Indonesian Railway Polytechnic. Inspection lorry repairs are carried out on the wheels, chassis, drive and body.The new lorry wheels are made of structural iron to reduce the total weight from 148 kg to 119 kg. The size of the wheel conus is the difference between the outer and inner diameter of 30 mm to minimize wheel friction with rails in the curved region. The chassis uses the ledder frame model with emphasis on the strength of 44.29 MPa and 0.095 MPa deflection to get optimal and reliable results on the 1067 track. The material uses galvanized hollow type iron weighing 125 kg. The environmentally friendly drive used in the railway inspection is an BLDC electric motor (brushless direct current) with a capacity of 2000 watts of power, a current of 35A and a rotational speed of 4250 Rpm. The railway inspection body is made of 3 layers fiber reinforced polymers of plastics (FRP) using a hand lay-up method that has a tensile stress value of 40.18 MPa and a strain value of 0.89%. The inspection body focuses on the aesthetics and ergonomics aspects in the form of a more attractive appearance, smoothness of design, passenger comfort and color harmony so that they have high selling.

scholarly journals Investigation of changes in the characteristics of LED matrices of the on-board luminaire during tests in the electrocycling mode.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Frolov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Sergeev ◽  
A.M. Hodakov ◽  
S.A. Zaytsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Operating Current ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Current

The paper presents the results of studies of changes in the characteristics of LED COB matrices of the GW P9LR31.EM - DURIS S 8 type as part of a LED luminaire when tested under the direct current in a continuous mode and in an electrocycling mode. The arrays consist of eight InGaN/GaN LED dies connected in series, coated with a phosphor. Calculation in the Comsol Multiphtsics environment of the temperature field of the luminaire at the rated operating current and free convection heat transfer showed that the maximum overheating of the matrices does not exceed 46 K, and the difference in their temperatures is 2 K. At the same time, the experimental values of the thermal resistances of the matrices of a real lamp vary from 42 to 58 K/W. Before testing, the I-V characteristics of the matrices differ markedly in the level of leakage current in the voltage range from 14 V to 19 V, and the LEDs in the luminaire matrices have a significant spread in the brightness of emission in the microcurrent mode. The degree of this scatter within each matrix was estimated by measuring the luminescence brightness of each die of the matrix and calculating the coefficient of variation γ. It was found that the coefficient of variation of the emission brightness of the COB matrix dies measured at a current of 100 nA strongly correlates with the leakage current. When testing a luminaire under the direct current, the most significant changes in the electrophysical and optical characteristics of COB matrices are observed in the range of microcurrents: the distribution of the emission brightness of the matrix dies at a current of 100 nA becomes more uniform. The greatest changes in matrix characteristics were observed after the first 700 hours of testing, that is, at the running-in stage. At the same time, no correlation was found between the degree of change in the characteristics of the matrices during tests and their thermal resistances.

scholarly journals Influence of Infill Pattern on Mechanical Behavior of Polymeric and Composites Specimens Manufactured Using Fused Filament Fabrication Technology

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2934
Author(s):  
María Jesús Martín ◽  
Juan Antonio Auñón ◽  
Francisco Martín
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Value

This paper presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the tensile strength behaviors of parts obtained by additive manufacturing using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. The study investigated the influences of the deposition printing parameters for both polymers and fiber-reinforced polymers. Polymeric materials that are widely used in FFF were selected, including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and nylon. Carbon and glass continuous fibers were used to reinforce the nylon matrix in composite materials. The study utilized two manufacturing methods. Polymers were manufactured using an Ultimaker 2 Extended+ device and the fiber-reinforced polymer specimens were obtained using a Markforged Mark Two printer. The entire set of specimens was eventually subjected to destructive monoaxial tensile tests to measure their responses. The main goal of this study was to estimate the effect of the different infill patterns applied (zig-zag, concentric, and four different orientations lines) on the mechanical properties of pure thermoplastic materials and reinforced polymers. Results show a spectacular increase in the tensile stress at break, which for polymers reaches an average value of 27.53 MPa compared to 94.51 MPa in the case of composites (increase of 70.87%). A similar increase occurs in the case of tensile stress at yield with values of 31.87 MPa and 105.98 MPa, respectively, which represents an increase of 69.93%. The influence of the infill of the fiber is decisive, reaching, in the 0-0 arrangement, mean values of 220.18 MPa for tensile stress at break and 198.26 MPa for tensile stress at yield.

scholarly journals A multi‐scale fatigue‐damage model for fiber‐reinforced polymers

PAMM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Magino ◽  
Jonathan Köbler ◽  
Heiko Andrä ◽  
Matti Schneider ◽  
Fabian Welschinger
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Multi Scale

scholarly journals Sputter Deposited Metal Layers Embedded in Composites—From Fundamentals to Applications

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Florian Cougnon ◽  
Mathias Kersemans ◽  
Wim Van Paepegem ◽  
Diederik Depla
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Thermal Probe ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Magnetron Sputter Deposition ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Metal Layers

Due to the low heat flux towards the substrate, magnetron sputter deposition offers the possibility to deposit thin films on heat sensitive materials such as fiber-reinforced polymers, also known as composite materials. Passive thermal probe measurements during the sputter deposition of metal layers show indeed that the temperature increase remains well below 25 °C for film thicknesses up to 600 nm. The latter thickness threshold is based on the influence of embedded metal films on the adhesion of the composite plies. Films thicker than this threshold deteriorate the mechanical integrity of the composite. The introduction of the uncured composite in the vacuum chamber strongly affects the base pressure by outgassing of impurities from the composite. The impurities affect the film properties as illustrated by their impact on the Seebeck coefficient of sputter deposited thermocouples. The restrictions to embed thin films in composites, as illustrated by both the heat flux measurements, and the study on the influence of impurities, are however not insurmountable. The possibility to use embedded thin films will be briefly demonstrated in different applications such as digital volume image correlation, thermocouples, and de-icing.

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