Exit of the Court Beyond the Stated Requirements when Considering Cases from Civil, Family and Labor Relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Malkin O. Yu. ◽  
◽  
Smolina L. A.
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Law ◽  
Rights And Interests

The article considers the grounds for the court to go beyond the stated requirements when resolving cases from civil, family and labor relations. It is shown that going beyond the stated requirements is possible both in the civil and in the arbitration process. At the same time, non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by the court of the obligation assigned to it to resolve certain issues may lead to a violation of the rights and interests of the parties to the dispute, to the annulment of the court order. The aim of the study was to develop recommendations for improving the practice of applying the provisions of the law on the court going beyond the stated requirements. The objectives of the study were to differentiate the grounds for the court to go beyond the stated requirements with related situations; classification of cases of non-application or improper application by the court of going beyond the stated requirements; identifying ways to eliminate the violations if the court goes beyond the stated requirements. The consideration of problems associated with going beyond the stated requirements is based on general scientific research methods (formal logic method) involving industry methods (comparative study methods of arbitration and civil processes, system analysis of positive legal material), which together ensured the reliability of the results of the work. In order to correctly use the mechanism by the court to go beyond the stated requirements, to prevent and eliminate violations of the rights and interests of the parties to the dispute in such situations, the authors proposed: 2. to differentiate between the court’s withdrawal beyond the stated requirements and the situation when the court changes the wording of the claimed claim in the operative part of the decision, brings it into line with the law, and also satisfies the interest of the defendant in the court when the plaintiff’s claim itself implied this; 3. the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to clarify in the decisions of the Plenum, in reviews of judicial practice, cases of a court going beyond the stated requirements when considering civil, family and labor disputes, limiting the arbitrary discretion of lower courts; 4. the ways to eliminate violations of the rights and interests of the parties to the dispute when the court goes beyond the stated requirements are the adoption of an additional decision, appeal of the court decision, as well as an independent claim.

Current State of Legislation, Law Enforcement and Judicial Practice in the Sphere of Conclusion, Modification and Termination of Lease Agreements for Land Plots, Concluded for Construction Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
V. V. Cheremukhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Construction, as a sphere of the national economy, has impressive statistical indicators, determining the importance and relevance of its proper legal regulation, especially in terms of land use for relevant purposes. This article discusses the current situation in the sphere of provision of land plots for construction purposes, further alteration and termination of the relevant lease relations; provides a detailed analysis of the current legislation, law enforcement and judicial practice in such sphere. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize legislation judicial and law enforcement practice in this area, as well as the development of specific directions for a comprehensive dissertation research, proposals for improving the legislation regulating these relations. This goal is achieved by solving tasks such as studying of the existing legal regulation of disputed legal relations, law enforcement and judicial practice, identification of problematic and conflict-of-laws issues in the field under consideration, review of the degree of scientific development of the research topic, determination of trends in the development of this sphere of legal relations, development of specific proposals for changing legislation and law enforcement practice. General scientific (synthesis, system analysis, analogy) and special (formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods are used to solve the above problems. Based on the results of consideration of these issues, the author formulates the main problems of the legal relations under consideration, an assessment of the current degree of scientific development of this field is given, the main directions of the planned scientific research are also outlined, proposals are formulated to improve legislation and law enforcement practice.

Renewal of the Land Lease Agreement: Problems of Theory and Judicial Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Vitalii Urkevych
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Important Object ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Lease Agreement

Land is the most important object of the environment. It is an indispensable means of production in agriculture, the territorial basis for the location of various objects. It is argued that the proper functioning of land lease relations is a guarantee of sustainable economic circulation, a guarantee of the exercise of rights and performance of duties by both the lessor and the lessee of the land. The issue of renewal of the land lease agreement after its expiration is debatable. The purpose of the study is to outline the existing theoretical and law enforcement problems regarding the renewal of the land lease agreement, to make proposals to eliminate the latter. To achieve this purpose, a system-structural method of scientific knowledge was used, which helped analyse the prescriptions of the legislation on renewal of the land lease agreement, their relations and interaction were highlighted. The study proves that the lessee's pre-emptive right exists to renew the land lease agreement only for the same period and on the same terms and in the absence of objections to such renewal by the lessor. If the lessee tries to change the essential terms of the land lease agreement and in the absence of the lessor's consent to such changes, the lessee's pre-emptive right to enter into a land lease agreement for a new term is terminated. It is emphasised that in each dispute it is necessary to establish the good faith of the lessor’s actions to refuse to renew the land lease agreement with one person (lessee) and the subsequent conclusion of the agreement with the new lessee. The use of the category of "less protected" party in land lease legal relations appears debatable, because depending on the subject composition of the parties to these legal relations, such a party can be both a lessee and a lessor. It is concluded that the Supreme Court should unify the practice of applying the provisions of the law on the renewal of the land lease agreement (only in combination with other regulations or autonomously, with the use of the principle of "tacit consent"). The possibility of autonomous application of such instructions is indicated by the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning Counteraction to Raiding”. The revealed shortcomings of the legal regulation of the renewal of the land lease agreement after its expiration indicate the directions of improvement of the legislation in land lease, which has practical significance

scholarly journals Private Prosecutions in Mauritius: Clarifying Locus Standi and Making the Director of Public Prosecutions more Accountable

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jamil Ddamulira Mujuzi
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Locus Standi ◽  
Statutory Requirement ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Case law shows that private prosecutions have been part of Mauritian law at least since 1873. In Mauritius there are two types of private prosecutions: private prosecutions by individuals; and private prosecutions by statutory bodies. Neither the Mauritian constitution nor legislation provides for the right to institute a private prosecution. Because of the fact that Mauritian legislation is not detailed on the issue of locus standi to institute private prosecutions and does not address the issue of whether or not the Director of Public Prosecutions has to give reasons when he takes over and discontinues a private prosecution, the Supreme Court has had to address these issues. The Mauritian Supreme Court has held, inter alia, that a private prosecution may only be instituted by an aggrieved party (even in lower courts where this is not a statutory requirement) and that the Director of Public Prosecutions may take over and discontinue a private prosecution without giving reasons for his decision. However, the Supreme Court does not define “an aggrieved party.” In this article the author takes issue with the Court’s findings in these cases and, relying on legislation from other African countries, recommends how the law could be amended to strengthen the private prosecutor’s position.

In Our Image: Colonial Discourse and the Anglicization of the Law of Mandatory Palestine

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Likhovski
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
The Law ◽  
Shoulder Blade

My story is full of holes. The first hole, or rather, ditch, was dug in 1930 by the municipality of Haifa. An Arab, Dr. Caesar Khoury, fell into the ditch and fractured his shoulder-blade.Could Dr. Khoury recover? The law of torts of mandatory Palestine was found in the Mejelle — an Ottoman code of Moslem civil law. Did the Mejelle provide a remedy in the case of personal injury? “Unfortunately,” said Judge Francis Baker, who delivered the opinion of the Supreme Court of Palestine, “the Mejelle dealt with liability for damages caused by animals to property, but it was ‘silent’ with regards to injuries caused to persons”. Therefore, Dr. Khoury could not recover.The second hole in my story belongs to a Jew, Feivel Danovitz. In 1939, Danovitz was run down by a truck in Tel Aviv. He sued the driver and the owner of the truck. The lower courts of Tel Aviv decided that if the Mejelle did not deal with liability for personal injury, that meant that there was a hole in the tort law of Palestine. Such a hole could be filled by recourse to the English common law in accordance with the provisions of Article 46 of the Palestine Order-in-Council, 1922. Since the English common law recognized liability for personal injury, Danovitz could recover.

scholarly journals Binding Nature of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Explanations in Criminal Law

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
I. A. Klepitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Nulla Poena Sine Lege ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law

The question of the legal nature and the binding nature of explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation remains debatable in the literature. When considering criminal cases, the courts do not always follow the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court. It seems that the explanations of the Supreme Court, while not being a source of criminal law, are nevertheless binding on courts and officials applying the norms of criminal law. This is a general rule, to which there are exceptions. First, there are erroneous explanations of the Supreme Court, which are not based on the established judicial practice and are not supported by it. Second, there are outdated explanations of the Supreme Court that do not meet modern legal realities. Third, there are explanations of the Supreme Court, which, in relation to a particular situation, require an expansive or restrictive interpretation. In these three situations, the Supreme Court’s explanations do not bind the law enforcement officer. The binding nature of the Supreme Court’s explanations is determined by the value of the law as such. Questions of law require a uniform resolution. An alternative to a uniform interpretation of the law is arbitrary administration. Arbitrary administration is not within the competence of the judge. There is no case law in Russia. The works of legal scholars in modern Russia also cannot satisfy the need for a uniform interpretation of the law. The significance of the explanations of the Supreme Court determines the high requirements for their quality. The Supreme Court’s explanations should not directly contradict the law. The Supreme Court’s explanations should not change unless there is an urgent need to do so. The rule nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege, being an achievement of legal culture, binds the Supreme Court. By clarifying the practice of applying the law, the Supreme Court forms and preserves judicial doctrine, thereby providing legal certainty.

scholarly journals The Issues of Determining the Territorial Jurisdiction of Criminal Cases Regarding Extremist Crimes

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Marina Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Telecommunications Networks ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction: extremism in modern Russia is becoming more sophisticated and veiled, and is widely spread among young people, including through the Internet, and therefore it is of great importance to detect and stop it in a timely manner. The purpose of the work is to examine the existing theoretical structures on the issue of determining the scene of an extremist crime using the information and telecommunications networks and, accordingly, the territorial jurisdiction of criminal cases, as well as to study the practical side of the issue. Methods: the methodological framework for this research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge: dialectical, system, analysis, logical. Results: the author’s well-founded position is based on the current legislation, explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, current judicial practice, the position of scientists – processualists on determining the time and place of the crime in the global information network and the dependence of the criminal investigation on these factors. Conclusions: the study determined that extremist crimes committed using the information and telecommunications networks, including the Internet, are characterized by extraterritoriality and may be subject to the jurisdiction of several states. To correctly determine the jurisdiction of such criminal cases, it is necessary not to wait for the development of a single international act, but to follow the current provisions of Parts 3, 4 and 4.1 of Article 152 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals ON JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN DISPUTES IN PERMISSIVE LEGAL RELATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
K.I. Apanasenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Town ◽  
Town Building

Ukrainian courts consider many cases related with using of norms of permissive legislation in a sphere of economic activity. The purpose of an article is to analyze a court’s rulemaking in cases on permissive relations in spheres of the town-building and the defense of an environment. The author presents and explores some legal positions of the Supreme Court. For example, there are such positions as: 1) absence of a legislation on a special permissive relations doesn’t give a right to do business without appropriate permits; 2) control organs have no power to obligate the economic subjects to receive permits in a situation as the Ukrainian Government hasn’t established a mechanism of giving permits; 3) violations of legislation during realization of rights based on permissive documents have to be confirmed in acts of authorized state organs/permissive organs drafted after the measures of the state supervision (control) in a sphere of economic activity. The author investigates court’s practice of the using of means of provision of obligations by subjects of permissive legal relations. There are court’s decisions on a suspension of enterprises/buildings which violate demands of economic and ecological legislation in a process of a realization of rights for economic operations in accordance with permissive documents. The court’s practice of using of a principle of acquiescence is analyzed in details. This analysis has concluded a declarative character of acquiescence. The author considers that in such cases court has to constitute conditions for a using of the acquiescence or its absence and to use this principle if there are enough conditions. The court’s decisions in cases about the economic operations realized without permits are investigated in the article. The analysis gives a reason to conclude that contemporary concept of a legal interest, which used by courts narrows possibilities for the defense of rights of citizens and organizations violated by breaches of an economic legislation of owners of permissive documents and nonlegal inaction of permissive organs. In addition, the author has proposed some changes for The Law of Ukrainian "On the permissive system in a sphere of economic activity".

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF QUALIFICATION OF CLAIMS OF CREDITORS AFFILIATED WITH THE DEBTOR IN BANKRUPTCY CASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Y.V. Holodenko ◽  
D.M. Nazemcev
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Debt Obligation

Along with the positive development of the institution of bankruptcy in Russia, there are mixed problemsin judicial practice. One such problem is the fate of the contractual claims of the controlling persons of theorganization and other affiliated creditors in the bankruptcy of the legal entity. The law does not explicitlyprohibit the financing of a corporation, through civil designs. However, problems regarding the qualificationof such financing methods arise when a society falls into bankruptcy proceedings. In this part, the courtsare faced with questions about the possibility of reclassifying the debt obligation into a relationship forthe precapitalization of society and recognizing the debt model of financing the requirement “arising fromparticipation.” This article is devoted to problems of qualification of claims of “corporate” creditors inbankruptcy cases. Various approaches of the Judicial Board on Economic Disputes of the Supreme Courtof the Russian Federation to loans issued by participants of economic companies are studied. The need toderogate from the position taken by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is justified in order toprotect the rights of bona fide participants of economic companies.

scholarly journals The Supreme Court and the Law of Obligations

1969 ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
G. H. L. Fridman
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
The Law

In this article, Professor Fridman criticizes the Supreme Court of Canada for what he feels to be its lack of independence of thought and reasoning in its tendency to apply English precedents rather than to develop its own opinions in the area of contracts, quasi-contracts and torts. He recommends that the Court should analyse problems in depth at every opportunity afforded to it so as to provide greater guid ance for the lower Courts of Canada.

scholarly journals Claims for Recognition of a Registered Contract as Terminated and the Right of Obligation as Absent

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-83
Author(s):  
V. A. Boldyrev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Law ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
The Right

Introduction: claims for recognition of a registered contract as terminated and the right of obligation as absent combine the following features: (1) they are declaratory; (2) belong to the category of negative ones; (3) are not explicitly stated in the law; (4) are recognized by judicial practice; (5) are aimed solely at eliminating legal uncertainty. The unity of features determines the need to analyze these types of claims within a single study. Purpose: to establish the reasons for the occurrence in practice of claims for recognition of a registered contract as terminated and the right of obligation as absent. Methods: general scientific (dialectical) method of cognition of scientific concepts of private law; special scientific methods of cognition: formal-legal method, historical-legal method, method of comparative legal studies, forecasting. Results: the transition of the claim for recognition of the right of obligation as absent to the category of remedies directly referred to in acts of official interpretation of law entails great risks. As soon as the emerging practice is recorded in an act of interpretation, the following will happen. Firstly, the number of cases of its use in practice will be likely to increase, which will entail an increased burden on courts. Secondly, there will appear the prerequisites for the full formal legalization of the phenomenon, as has already happened with the recognition of a contract as not concluded and the recognition of the right to a thing as absent. Should there be no registration actions in the Russian legal system, there would not be so many claims of a negative legal nature recognized by practice, including the claim for the recognition of a registered contract as terminated. Protective legal rules aimed at regulating claim-based relations that have the purpose of ensuring a more stable existence of regulatory relations are often formalized in the law, being widely applied in practice by the time changes are introduced into the law.

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