THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCREENING FOR CANCER

Cancer screening literature was discussed in this review publication. Broad spectrum of studies was used to make conclusion about effectiveness of screening methods in reaching its major objectives, perspective of screening methods for several cancer types were also discussed. Qualitative assessment of studies was done. Cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer screening was proved to be effective. Effectiveness of prostate and lung cancer screening as well as population-based stomach cancer prevention is also discussed. Negative and inconclusive results of screening studies of the other cancer types were also mentioned and perspectives for future diagnostics option for cancer screening were given.

Download Full-text

Level and Factors Associated with Participation in PopulationBased Cancer Screening in Safranbolu District of Karabuk, Turkey

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v49i4.3172 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raziye ÖZDEMIR ◽

Fatma TÜRKMEN ÇEVIK ◽

Duygu KES ◽

Merve KARACALI ◽

Simge ÖZGÜNER

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Population Based ◽

Colorectal Cancers ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Background: Cervix, breast and colorectal cancers are included in the national population-based screening (PBS) program in Turkey. This study aimed to assess participation in PBSs for these cancers and to identify factors associated with participation in screenings in Safranbolu district of Karabuk, Turkey in 2016-2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, separate studying groups for cervix, breast and colorectal cancers were identified, taking into account the target age range specified in the national screening standards. The sample size was determined to be 374 for cervical cancer, 371 for breast cancer and 373 for colorectal cancer in the Epi-Info StatCalc program with a prevalence of 50%, a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and a 5% error margin. The results of the data collected through face-to-face interview using questionnaires were evaluated with Chisquare tests (P<0.05) and included in the binary logistic regression model. Results: Participation in PBS at least once between 2011 and 2016 years was 26.2% for cervical cancer, 27.6% for breast cancer and 31.6% for colorectal cancer, whereas the level of PBS or opportunistic screening at least once was 51.1%, 42.7% and 32.2%, respectively. A 2.9-fold increase in participation for the cervical cancer screening was associated with informing women about cervical cancer by the family physicians. Being married and living in the district center showed associations with a higher rate of participation for colorectal cancer screening. Conclusion: Participation in PBS was low for the 5.5-year period. More effort is needed to increase the effectiveness of the program.

Download Full-text

How Effective is Population-Based Cancer Screening? Regression Discontinuity Estimates from the US Guideline Screening Initiation Ages

Forum for Health Economics & Policy ◽

10.1515/fhep-2014-0014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 87-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Srikanth Kadiyala ◽

Erin Strumpf

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Regression Discontinuity ◽

Early Stage ◽

Population Based ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Asymptomatic Case ◽

The Cost

Abstract We estimate the marginal benefits of population-based cancer screening by comparing cancer test and detection rates on either side of US guideline-recommended initiation ages (age 40 for breast cancer and age 50 for colorectal cancer during the study period). Using a regression discontinuity design and self-reported test data from national health surveys, we find test rates for breast and colorectal cancer increase at the guideline age thresholds by 109% and 78%, respectively. Data from cancer registries in twelve US states indicate that cancer detection rates increase at the same thresholds by 50% and 49%, respectively. We estimate significant effects of screening on earlier breast cancer detection (1.2 cases/1000 screened) at age 40 and colorectal cancer detection (1.1 cases/1000 individuals screened) at age 50. Forty-eight and 73% of the increases in breast and colorectal case detection occur among middle-stage cancers (localized and regional) with most of the remainder among early-stage (in-situ). Our analysis suggests that the cost of detecting an asymptomatic case of breast cancer at age 40 via population-based screening is $107,000–134,000 and that the cost of detecting an asymptomatic case of colorectal cancer at age 50 is $473,000–485,000.

Download Full-text

Evaluating Screening Participation, Follow-up, and Outcomes for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer in the PROSPR Consortium

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djz137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 238-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William E Barlow ◽

Elisabeth F Beaber ◽

Berta M Geller ◽

Aruna Kamineni ◽

Yingye Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽

Target Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Diagnostic Evaluation ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Screening Process ◽

Screening Participation ◽

Cancer Types

Abstract Background Cancer screening is a complex process encompassing risk assessment, the initial screening examination, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of cancer precursors or early cancers. Metrics that enable comparisons across different screening targets are needed. We present population-based screening metrics for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers for nine sites participating in the Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens consortium. Methods We describe how selected metrics map to a trans-organ conceptual model of the screening process. For each cancer type, we calculated calendar year 2013 metrics for the screen-eligible target population (breast: ages 40–74 years; cervical: ages 21–64 years; colorectal: ages 50–75 years). Metrics for screening participation, timely diagnostic evaluation, and diagnosed cancers in the screened and total populations are presented for the total eligible population and stratified by age group and cancer type. Results The overall screening-eligible populations in 2013 were 305 568 participants for breast, 3 160 128 for cervical, and 2 363 922 for colorectal cancer screening. Being up-to-date for testing was common for all three cancer types: breast (63.5%), cervical (84.6%), and colorectal (77.5%). The percentage of abnormal screens ranged from 10.7% for breast, 4.4% for cervical, and 4.5% for colorectal cancer screening. Abnormal breast screens were followed up diagnostically in almost all (96.8%) cases, and cervical and colorectal were similar (76.2% and 76.3%, respectively). Cancer rates per 1000 screens were 5.66, 0.17, and 1.46 for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Conclusions Comprehensive assessment of metrics by the Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens consortium enabled systematic identification of screening process steps in need of improvement. We encourage widespread use of common metrics to allow interventions to be tested across cancer types and health-care settings.

Download Full-text

Breast Cancer Screening in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Lung and Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study of Utilization

Journal of the American College of Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacr.2017.01.022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 900-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gelareh Sadigh ◽

Ruth C. Carlos ◽

Kevin C. Ward ◽

Jeffrey M. Switchenko ◽

Renjian Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Breast Cancer Screening ◽

Population Based ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Population Based Study

Download Full-text

The impact of episodic screening interruption: COVID-19 and population-based cancer screening in Canada

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/0969141320974711 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096914132097471

Author(s):

Jean HE Yong ◽

James G Mainprize ◽

Martin J Yaffe ◽

Yibing Ruan ◽

Abbey E Poirier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Population Based ◽

Colorectal Cancers ◽

Primary Screening ◽

Advanced Adenomas ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Background Population-based cancer screening can reduce cancer burden but was interrupted temporarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated the long-term clinical impact of breast and colorectal cancer screening interruptions in Canada using a validated mathematical model. Methods We used the OncoSim breast and colorectal cancers microsimulation models to explore scenarios of primary screening stops for 3, 6, and 12 months followed by 6–24-month transition periods of reduced screening volumes. For breast cancer, we estimated changes in cancer incidence over time, additional advanced-stage cases diagnosed, and excess cancer deaths in 2020–2029. For colorectal cancer, we estimated changes in cancer incidence over time, undiagnosed advanced adenomas and colorectal cancers in 2020, and lifetime excess cancer incidence and deaths. Results Our simulations projected a surge of cancer cases when screening resumes. For breast cancer screening, a three-month interruption could increase cases diagnosed at advanced stages (310 more) and cancer deaths (110 more) in 2020–2029. A six-month interruption could lead to 670 extra advanced cancers and 250 additional cancer deaths. For colorectal cancers, a six-month suspension of primary screening could increase cancer incidence by 2200 cases with 960 more cancer deaths over the lifetime. Longer interruptions, and reduced volumes when screening resumes, would further increase excess cancer deaths. Conclusions Interruptions in cancer screening will lead to additional cancer deaths, additional advanced cancers diagnosed, and a surge in demand for downstream resources when screening resumes. An effective strategy is needed to minimize potential harm to people who missed their screening.

Download Full-text

Information System of Nationwide Population-Based Cancer Screening in Taiwan

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.84500 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 209s-209s

Author(s):

J.-Y. Lin

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Information System ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Screening Program ◽

Health Information System ◽

Population Based ◽

Web Based ◽

Oral Cancer Screening

Background: Pap smear screening was the first nation-wide population-based organized screening since 1999 in Taiwan. After that, nationwide screening programs for breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and oral cancer have been launched since 2004. The national online information system was built for the infrastructure, monitoring, delivery, evaluation, and management of health care services in our nationwide screening program. Aim: To develop a comprehensive health information system for cancer screening to assist health professionals in processing screening with quality assurance and evaluation. Methods: A Web-based solution combining data gathering and processing capabilities was developed. Application design in a server was based on the ASP, HTML, DHTML, Java Script, Java Applet technology and SQL-SERVER relational database. Web-based software programs were developed to facilitate the structure, process, and outcome for screening. Individual screening data were transferred to centralized databases via the Internet. The client-users now include 25 health bureaus, 369 health centers and over 6500 clinics or hospitals. Results: The Taiwanese cancer screening system incorporates nationwide breast cancer screening with mammography, colorectal cancer with fecal immunochemical test, oral cancer with visual inspection. The key performance index for screening including screening rate, positive rate, referral rate, positive predictive rate, detection rate, and interval cancer rate were provided in the system. The system allows for the flow of information among different health services and country areas to monitor participants in the whole process screening. It has an alert system to prevent delayed referral for cases in need of diagnosis and treatment. A total of 2.27 million women aged 45-69 years have attended biennial mammography screening program at least once between 2004 and 2014. More than 4.6 million subjects with the exposure of betel quid and/or cigarette have attended the biennial oral cancer screening. Around 3.8 million subjects aged 50-74 years have attended the biennial FIT screening. Information on organized features appertaining to screening, diagnosis, and outcomes after long-term follow up were collected for the systematic evaluation. The proposed health information system for cancer screening is centered on modules that would allow for the computerization, process, update of screen data, and link with other registry data (e.g., population registry, cancer registry, and mortality). Conclusion: A nation-wide information system for breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and oral cancer screening was successfully developed to support health professionals and health decision makers for planning, delivery, management, and evaluation in population-based cancer screening program.

Download Full-text

Modelling the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of population-based colorectal cancer screening

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 106597

Author(s):

Grace Hsiao-Hsuan Jen ◽

Amy Ming-Fang Yen ◽

Chen-Yang Hsu ◽

Han-Mo Chiu ◽

Sam Li-Sheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽

Population Based

Download Full-text

Role of community pharmacies in a population-based colorectal cancer screening program

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106420 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106420

Author(s):

Nuria Vives ◽

Núria Milà ◽

Gemma Binefa ◽

Noemie Travier ◽

Albert Farre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽

Screening Program ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Cancer Screening Program

Download Full-text

Scope of Artificial Intelligence in Screening and Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9103313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 3313 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hemant Goyal ◽

Rupinder Mann ◽

Zainab Gandhi ◽

Abhilash Perisetti ◽

Aman Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽

Narrow Band Imaging ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Polyp Detection ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Magnifying Chromoendoscopy

Globally, colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed malignancy. It causes significant mortality and morbidity, which can be reduced by early diagnosis with an effective screening test. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and computer-aided detection (CAD) with screening methods has shown promising colorectal cancer screening results. AI could provide a “second look” for endoscopists to decrease the rate of missed polyps during a colonoscopy. It can also improve detection and characterization of polyps by integration with colonoscopy and various advanced endoscopic modalities such as magnifying narrow-band imaging, endocytoscopy, confocal endomicroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, and magnifying chromoendoscopy. This descriptive review discusses various AI and CAD applications in colorectal cancer screening, polyp detection, and characterization.

Download Full-text