IMPROVEMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING USING DETERMINATION OF MICRORNA IN CYTOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-861
Author(s):  
Yelena Bakhidze ◽  
Anastasiya Malek ◽  
Alla Mikhetko ◽  
Mikhail Ivanov ◽  
Roman Samsonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Sirna Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

The sensitivity of cytological screening of cervical cancer, despite the ongoing technical improvements, remains quite low. It was showed that among women with smears, regarded as questionable cytological data of ASCUS, from 5% to 10%, in fact, they had severe dysplasia. The use of new molecular diagnostic methods can improve the effectiveness of screening of cervical cancer by improving the accuracy of diagnosis of the degree of dysplasia. Neoplastic transformation of the cervix epithelium is accompanied by specific changes in the profile of siRNA expression, the evaluation of which has a great diagnostic potential. In this study, the expression of 18 miRNA was analyzed. The correlation of the expression of five miRNAs (miR-375, miR-20a, miR-196b, miR145 and miR-126) with the degree of neoplasia of the cervix was established, which allowed them to be recommended for further investigation for the purpose of introduction as a diagnostic test at the stage of cytological screening.

Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 2353-2359
Author(s):  
Sonja Jose ◽  
B. R. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy

Cervical cancer imposes a huge global burden. Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common and feared diseases of women, and in India, it accounts for 16 per cent of total cervical cancer cases occurring globally. The situation is more alarming in the rural areas where the majority of women are illiterate and ignorant about the hazards of cervical cancer. To date, various studies have been conducted on the risk factors associated with cervical cancer. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated the reasons by which HPV infection causes carcinogenesis. Two viral oncoproteins E6 and E7could play a key role in the HPV-infected cervical cancers. It has been documented that not all integrations necessarily depend on the E6 and E7 oncogenes expression. Currently, clinical treatment managements for cervical cancer typically include surgery, radiotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment for early stage disease often is surgical therapy such as cervical conisation, total simple hysterectomy, or radical hysterectomy based on extent of spread of cervical cancer. In the recent years, a series of systemic treatments, for instance, the platinum-based chemotherapy and the recent FDA approved pembrolizumab, have applied for recurrent and advanced cervical cancer. Although screening and advanced therapeutic strategies have improved the survival rate of cervical cancer, some patients still die due to metastasis and drug resistance. Without a doubt, HPV vaccination could pre-vent the development of cervical cancer; however, many patients’ in underdeveloped countries cannot get HPV vaccination due to economic condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, mortality, and geographical distribution of cervical cancer and its risk factors in the world and study the molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer development and progression, to discover the novel molecular diagnostic methods and systemic management for cervical cancer. The findings of this study demonstrated that several factors including sexually transmitted infections, reproductive factors, hormonal influences, genetics and host factors are responsible for the incidence of cervical cancer. The results of this review study suggested that combination of biological, economic and health factors contributes to the incidence of cervical cancer. A large proportion cervical cancer can be prevented by prevention programs, lifestyle enhancement, smoking cessation, and timely and effective treatment of pre-cancerous lesions.

scholarly journals Factors related to inadequate cervical cancer screening in two Brazilian state capitals

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Felipe Leite Martins ◽  
Joaquim Gonçalves Valente ◽  
Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE:To analyze factors associated with cervical cancer screening failure. METHODS:Population-based cross-sectional study with self-weighted two-stage cluster sampling conducted in the cities of Fortaleza (Northeastern Brazil) and Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil) in 2002. Subjects were women aged 25-59 years in the last three years prior to the study. Data were analyzed through Poisson regression using a hierarchical model. RESULTS: The proportion of women who did not undergo the Pap smear test in Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro was 19.1% (95% CI: 16.1;22.1) and 16.5% (95% CI: 14.1;18.9), respectively. Higher prevalence ratios of cervical cancer screening failure in both cities were seen among women with low education and low per capita income, old age, unmarried, who never underwent mammography, clinical breast examination, and blood glucose and cholesterol level testing. Smokers also had lower screening rates compared to non-smoker women and this difference was only statistically significant in Rio de Janeiro. CONCLUSIONS:The study findings point to the need of intervention focusing particularly women in worse socioeconomic conditions and access to healthcare, old-aged and unmarried. Education activities must prioritize screening of asymptomatic women and early diagnosis for symptomatic women and access to adequate diagnostic methods and treatment should be provided.

scholarly journals Determination of Viral Nucleic Acid in the Human Blood

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
M. A. Abdurashitov ◽  
N. A. Netesova
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Reverse Transcription Reaction ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Human Viruses

Many acute viral infections cause similar clinical symptoms, therefore, establishing the etiology of a viral disease requires the use of whole complexes of serological or PCR tests designed to detect a particular type of pathogen. Modern methods of molecular biology allow early diagnosis of viral diseases at a time when serological diagnostic methods are not yet effective. The aim of the work was to analyze molecular diagnostic methods that allow the determination of viral nucleic acids in human blood. The article presents the classification of molecular methods for the diagnosis of viral particles in clinical specimens. Methods such asin situhybridization, reverse transcription reaction (RT-PCR), nested PCR, multiplex PCR, as well as DNA microarray technology, and the method of massive parallel sequencing are considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to NGS-technologies that were used in virology almost immediately after their appearance and allowed for detection of a number of new types of human viruses (including representatives of anelloviruses, picornaviruses, polyomaviruses, etc.). The advantages and problems associated with the application of these methods in clinical practice, as well as the prospects for their improvement are discussed.

Three-year follow-up of women who participated in a prison cervical cancer screening intervention

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Elwood Martin ◽  
Greg Hislop ◽  
Veronika Moravan ◽  
Garry Grams ◽  
Betty Calam
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening

EVALUATION OF HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY VERSUS LAPAROSCOPY IN THE DETERMINATION OF TUBAL FACTORS IN FEMALE INFERTILITY: A HOSPITAL BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Choudhary ◽  
Rishikant Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Female Infertility ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
Tubal Pathology

Objectives: Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy both are the diagnostic methods for assessment of female infertility.  The present study was to compare the evaluation of hysterosalpingography (HSG) versus laparoscopy in determination of tubal factors in female infertility. Methods: Detailed assessment, physical examination and clinical investigations were performed in all 100 infertile female with age 20 years to 40 years. All patients were advised to perform digital HSG. Patients with an abnormal HSG underwent laparoscopy without delay, whereas in patients with a normal HSG, laparoscopy was performed three months after HSG. HSG is best scheduled during the 2nd -5th day interval immediately following the end of menstruation, to minimize risk for infection, avoid interference from intrauterine blood and clot, and to prevent any possibility that the procedure might be performed after conception. Results: Data was analysed by using IBM SPSS version 23 software.  All data was tabulated and percentages were calculated. Mean ± standard deviation was observed. Conclusions: Diagnostic laparoscopy is the gold standard in diagnosing tubal pathology and other intra-abdominal causes of infertility. Other hand, Hysterosalpingography is a frequently utilized diagnostic tool in the assessment of tubal status and detection of uterine anatomical defects in infertility. Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy are not alternatives but complimentary investigations. But, inadequacy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in determining the state of tubal patency, emphasizes the need for laparoscopy. Laparoscopy provides both a panoramic view of the pelvic reproductive anatomy and a magnified view of pelvic organs and peritoneal surfaces. Keywords: Female infertility, Tubal patency, HSG, Laparoscopy

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