Prophylactic Antibiotic Reduces the Risk of Peritonitis after Invasive Gynecologic Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Pei-Yi Fan ◽  
Ming-Jen Chan ◽  
Sheng-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Hsin-Hsu Wu ◽  
Ming-Yang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Group B ◽  
Invasive Techniques

BackgroundPeritonitis is a serious complication after invasive procedures in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Most studies that have investigated peritonitis following invasive gynecologic procedures enrolled small patient populations. This study focuses on the clinical presentation, outcomes, and effects of prophylactic antibiotic use before invasive techniques.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent invasive gynecologic procedures between 2005 and 2015 in a tertiary medical center. Eligible patients were identified and enrolled and their demographic data were collected. The use of prophylactic antibiotics and the outcomes of peritonitis were recorded.ResultsTwenty-six gynecologic procedures were performed on 18 PD patients. Seven episodes of peritonitis occurred in 6 patients after invasive gynecologic procedures. Eleven procedures were preceded by prophylactic antibiotic treatment (6 oral cefadroxil, 1 oral cefuroxime, 1 oral clindamycin, 1 intravenous [IV] ceftriaxone, 1 IV ceftazidime, and 1 IV cefazolin). The pathogens were diverse (group B Streptococcus, group D Streptococcus, E. coli, and Enterococcus). All episodes of peritonitis were successfully treated using intraperitoneal antibiotics without recurrence, technique failure, or mortality. The odds ratio of peritonitis in the non-prophylaxis group was 20.29 (95% confidence interval 1.01 – 406.35, p = 0.0103).ConclusionThe use of prophylactic antibiotic treatment considerably reduced the risk of peritonitis after invasive gynecologic procedures.

scholarly journals The Risk-Benefit Ratio of Leech Therapy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fillatre ◽  
Q. Floug ◽  
N. Assaf ◽  
R. Sinna ◽  
K. Hedhli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Leech Therapy ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment

Abstract Background: Venous congestion in transplanted or replanted tissues remains a common and challenging complication of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The local application of medicinal leeches is effective in reducing postoperative venous congestion in skin flaps and restoring normal blood flow. However, leech therapy is associated with a number of risks, including infections; in order to digest blood, leeches have a symbiotic relationship with Aeromonas species in their gut. Aeromonas infections are associated with a dramatic decrease in flap salvage rates. This is why prophylactic antibiotic treatment and external decontamination of the leeches are widely recommended. Methods: We performed a single retrospective study of patients having undergone leech therapy between January 1st, 2010, and December 31st, 2018, at Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, France. Each patient’s medical history, clinical data, laboratory results, prophylactic antibiotic use, and complications were recorded.Results: A total of 37 patients (mean age: 47) had undergone leech therapy after reconstructive surgery. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was documented in 32 (84.6%) patients. However, there are no guidelines on the choice of prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Twenty-four of the 37 (64.8 %) patients had anemia (mean hemoglobin level: 8.5 (6-11.1) g/dL), and 13 of the 24 (54%) required a transfusion. Thirteen of the 37 patients (35.1%) had a post-operative infection mainly due to Aeromonas spp. (76.9%). Leech therapy was effective in 23 of the 37 patients (62%) overall and in 2 of the 10 patients (20%) with an Aeromonas infection. The association between Aeromonas infection and flap salvage failure was highly significant (p = 0.005).Conclusions: The results of the study emphasized that clinical bacteriologists and surgeons should be aware that leeches are potential sources of infection.

Childhood meningitis in the conjugate vaccine era: a prospective cohort study

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Sadarangani ◽  
Louise Willis ◽  
Seilesh Kadambari ◽  
Stuart Gormley ◽  
Zoe Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Older Children ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group B

Bacterial conjugate vaccines have dramatically changed the epidemiology of childhood meningitis; viral causes are increasingly predominant, but the current UK epidemiology is unknown. This prospective study recruited children under 16 years of age admitted to 3 UK hospitals with suspected meningitis. 70/388 children had meningitis—13 bacterial, 26 viral and 29 with no pathogen identified. Group B Streptococcus was the most common bacterial pathogen. Infants under 3 months of age with bacterial meningitis were more likely to have a reduced Glasgow Coma Score and respiratory distress than those with viral meningitis or other infections. There were no discriminatory clinical features in older children. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count and plasma C-reactive protein at all ages, and CSF protein in infants <3 months of age, distinguished between bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis or other infections. Improved diagnosis of non-bacterial meningitis is urgently needed to reduce antibiotic use and hospital stay.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and outcome of pediatric bacterial meningitis: a prospective study from tertiary institute in Northern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2739
Author(s):  
Ashok Garg ◽  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Sandhya Kumari ◽  
Ambuj Shandil
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Acute Complications ◽  
Group B

Background: Meningitis is one of the fatal infections occurring in infants and older children. In acute bacterial meningitis (ABM), inflammation of the leptomeninges is triggered by bacteria present in the subarachnoid space. ABM is associated with a high rate of acute complications and long-term morbidity. Aim of our study was to determine the incidence, etiological profile and complications of acute bacterial meningitis amongst children belonging to one month to five years of age.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of one year and diagnosis of meningitis was made on basis of history, examination and laboratory investigations. Clinical features were recorded on case sheet. Lumbar puncture was done, and CSF was sent for biochemical analysis, cell counts, staining, culture and latex agglutination test (LAT).Results: Out of total 1560 admitted cases (1 month to 5years age group), 160 cases were suspected with meningitis while 57 cases were confirmed to have ABM. Most (59.6%) cases belonged to 3 months to 1-year age group and males outnumbered the females by a ratio of 2:1. Group B Streptococcus (45.6%) was most common pathogen in 45.6% cases followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (21%) and Hemophilus influenzae (10.52%). Seizures (45%) and increased ICP (28%) were main acute complications observed during hospitalization while hemiparesis 9.6%, monoparesis 4.8%, seizures 38%, vision and hearing deficits were the sequelae observed on follow up examination. These complications were predominantly contributed by S. pneumoniae and H. Influenzae.Conclusions: The incidence of ABM is still high and Group B streptococcus is main pathogen even in post neonatal period. The complications of ABM are markedly higher in cases of S. pneumoniae, H. Influenzae meningitis in comparison to Group B streptococcus meningitis. Formulating standard protocols for management of ABM and rational antibiotic use to prevent resistance is the need of hour.

The effect of prophylactic antibiotic treatment for manual removal of the placenta on frequency of postpartum endometritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Safrai ◽  
Doron Kabiri ◽  
Rani Haj-Yahya ◽  
Adi Reuveni-Salzman ◽  
Michal Lipschuetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Manual Removal ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment

Infection risk in endovascular neurointerventions: a comparative analysis of 549 cases with and without prophylactic antibiotic use

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Karl Burkhardt ◽  
Omar Tanweer ◽  
Miguel Litao ◽  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
Eytan Raz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVEA systematic analysis on the utility of prophylactic antibiotics for neuroendovascular procedures has not been performed. At the authors’ institution there is a unique setup to address this question, with some attending physicians using prophylactic antibiotics (cefazolin or vancomycin) for all of their neurointerventions while others generally do not.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of the last 549 neurointerventional procedures in 484 patients at Tisch Hospital, NYU Langone Medical Center. Clinical and radiological data were collected for analysis, including presence of prophylactic antibiotic use, local or systemic infection, infection laboratory values, and treatment. Overall, 306 aneurysms, 117 arteriovenous malformations/arteriovenous fistulas, 86 tumors, and 40 vessel stenosis/dissections were treated with coiling (n = 109), Pipeline embolization device (n = 197), embolization (n = 203), or stenting (n = 40).RESULTSAntibiotic prophylaxis was used in 265 of 549 cases (48%). There was no significant difference between patients with or without antibiotic prophylaxis in sex (p = 0.48), presence of multiple interventions (p = 0.67), diseases treated (p = 0.11), or intervention device placed (p = 0.55). The mean age of patients in the antibiotic prophylaxis group (53.4 years) was significantly lower than that of the patients without prophylaxis (57.1 years; p = 0.014). Two mild local groin infections (0.36%) and no systemic infections (0%) were identified in this cohort, with one case in each group (1/265 [0.38%] vs 1/284 [0.35%]). Both patients recovered completely with local drainage (n = 1) and oral antibiotic treatment (n = 1).CONCLUSIONSThe risk of infection associated with endovascular neurointerventions with or without prophylactic antibiotic use was very low in this cohort. The data suggest that the routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis seems unnecessary and that to prevent antibiotic resistance and reduce costs antibiotic prophylaxis should be reserved for selected patients deemed to be at increased infection risk.

Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment Prevents Infection after Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Study in Dogs

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem van Oeveren ◽  
Jacob Dankert ◽  
Walter Wildevuur ◽  
Charles R.H. Wildevuur
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment
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