Significance of pilot projects carried out on international and regional practice in effective usage of water resources: SOCAR experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
A.H. Aliyev ◽  
◽  
R.A. Huseynli ◽  
R.E. Humbatova ◽  
P.I. Babayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Unequal Distribution

According to the researches, arid climate of Azerbaijan, unequal distribution of water resources, population increase and fast economic development recently enhanced the water demand of the country. Due to this reason, the realization of long-term projects on the stable usage of water resources in all activity spheres using international and regional practice became one of the prio- rities. In this respect, SOCAR started works on the advancement of projects on saving and reuse of water in industrial processes, treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater, desalinization of seawater as well. Desalinization units with antiosmosis are app-lied for satisfaction of water demand in offshore field platforms. The water supply networks, desalinated seawater, the water distilled in the units of biological treatment is used for the irrigation of green planting. Currently, Environmental Department of SOCAR started a pilot project in the Waste Management Centre (WMC) on the elimination of water shortage and increase of water use efficiency. WMC manages the unit of biological treatment of municipal wastewater and the unit for the treatment of industrial sewage as well. Moreover, a contract has been signed with “Ecol Engineering Service” CJSC on the treatment of industrial wastewater in 300 m3/month formed in the process of cuttings cleaning. In the future, cleaned water will be used for the irrigation and technical purposes to increase efficiency of water use.

scholarly journals Water Metering Pilot Project: A Case Study of Water Demand Management in the Sultanate of Oman

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Zaher Khalid Al Suleimani ◽  
Bushra Khalfan Al Wohaibi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Water Metering

The Sultanate of Oman is experiencing increased pressure on its groundwater resources. This is mainly due to agricultural enterprises, which consume about 92 % of national water resources, as well as an upsurge in industrial, commercial and domestic water use. The ever-growing population, diversification of economic activities and the ensuing rise in national prosperity have meant an increasing demand for water. This has resulted in a marked depletion of groundwater supplies, intrusion of seawater, and deterioration of ground water quality in the case of the Al Batinah region. A scientific and effective water demand management strategy for the Sultanate is therefore needed. Accordingly, the Ministry of Regional Municipalities, Environment and Water Resources (MRMEWR) have conducted several studies related to water demand management in the agricultural, industrial and domestic sectors. One of these studies was the Water Metering Pilot Project (WMPP), initiated in 1994 with the objective of evaluating patterns of water use on a number of randomly selected farms in the southern Al-Batinah. The results obtained over a period of seven years confirm that water metering alone does not help reduce the quantity pumped. These findings have encouraged other advanced studies on water demand management in industrial, commercial, domestic and agriculture sectors in different areas of the Sultanate. 

Exploring Northwest China's agricultural water-saving strategy: analysis of water use efficiency based on an SE-DEA model conducted in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mu ◽  
L. Fang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Worldwide, water scarcity threatens delivery of water to urban centers. Increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is often recommended to reduce water demand, especially in water-scarce areas. In this paper, agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is examined using the super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in Xi'an in Northwest China at a temporal and spatial level. The grey systems analysis technique was then adopted to identify the factors that influenced the efficiency differentials under the shortage of water resources. From the perspective of temporal scales, the AWUE increased year by year during 2004–2012, and the highest (2.05) was obtained in 2009. Additionally, the AWUE was the best in the urban area at the spatial scale. Moreover, the key influencing factors of the AWUE are the financial situations and agricultural water-saving technology. Finally, we identified several knowledge gaps and proposed water-saving strategies for increasing AWUE and reducing its water demand by: (1) improving irrigation practices (timing and amounts) based on compatible water-saving techniques; (2) maximizing regional WUE by managing water resources and allocation at regional scales as well as enhancing coordination among Chinese water governance institutes.

Evaluation of water shortage crisis in the Middle East and possible remedies

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Babak Zolghadr-Asli ◽  
Parisa Sarzaeim ◽  
Mahyar Aboutalebi ◽  
Xuefeng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract Water resources in the Middle East region are becoming scarce, while millions of people already do not have access to adequate water for drinking and sanitary purposes. Water resources depletion has become a significant problem in this region that is likely to worsen. Current research by remote sensing analysis indicates a descending trend of water storage in the Middle East region, where agriculture plays a crucial role in socio-economic life. This study introduces an approach quantifying water depletion in the Middle Eastern countries, which are being challenged in the management of their water resources. Furthermore, this paper presents results of a survey assessing the status of water use and supply in Middle Eastern countries and outlines some potential remedies. Specifically, Iran's water use is evaluated and compared with its neighbors'. The water equivalent anomaly (WEA) and total water storage (TWS) depletion are two indexes of water scarcity calculated for Middle Eastern countries surveyed herein. Our analysis reveals that Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Iran are countries with very negative water scarcity indexes. These estimates prove that international cooperation is needed to manage available regional water resources and reverse depletion of natural water sources. It is demonstrated herein that virtual water trade can help remediate regional water shortage in Middle Eastern countries.

Optimization of an Integrated Water Resources Model in tropical regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo David Donado ◽  
María Cristina Arenas-Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Planning Period ◽  
Tropical Regions

<p>Water resources management must be in all cases, effective, efficient and sustainable, especially when considering the effects of climate change and variability effects. The challenge tackled in this research was to build a hydro-economic optimization model, which can be used as a decision-making tool for water assignment between several users in a tropical region. The model has been developed by integrating hydrological aspects (surface water and groundwater) in an economical optimization framework for water allocation and water quality management.</p><p>We study a basin of 17 000 km2 located in the Colombian Middle Magdalena Valley (MMV), a central area with important economic activities, as oil and gas exploration and production (O&G), agriculture and livestock.</p><p>A regional optimization model that integrates multiple water supplies and demands were designed.  The main purpose of the model is to maximize the value of water consumption. Consequently, the hydro-economic model was solved through a lineal optimization process, that links all available water resources and all water demands under the limitations of: (i) demand rising, (ii) water quality variance and (ii) offer decrease.</p><p>The system considers the monthly water demand from each user and a penalty for no satisfy it. For hydro-economic analysis, the model contemplates four main study scenarios: (i) current mean condition (ESC1), (ii) at thirty years (ESC2), (iii) at fifty years (ESC3) and, (iv) at hundred years (ESC4). These scenarios show fluctuation in water demand, and water supply based on the population increase. The results show significant differences between the user's allocation regimes. This has been identified between domestic and agricultural sectors, but not between commercial activities. According to the later, it is important to include variable rates for each sector according to its productivity, in the general analysis.</p><p>The defined objective function maximizes the profit in the MMV basin during a planning period of a year.  It is important to highlight that the whole system was optimized under an equitable distribution in allocation and costs, and thus, the resulting profits would improve results to satisfy all economic sectors.</p>

Analysis of Fairness of Water Use Based on Geordie Coefficient in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Hua Xin Chen ◽  
Xin Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Set Up ◽  
North And South

Bases on the expansion of Geordie Coefficient, a analysis method for water consumption fairness have been set up, and the Geordie coefficients are calculated to describe the influence of population, GDP, water quantity on water use of China in 2009. Then water demand coefficient is put forward to estimate the reasons for unfairness of water use. Moreover, Geordie coefficient of the North and South of China is analyzed. The results show that Geordie Coefficient represents unfairness of water use, which result from the unfair factors, including population, GDP, and water quantity. The research can provide reference for reasonable configuration of the water resources.

scholarly journals Foreign Experience of Financial Mechanism in Water Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3176-3179
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Israeli Government ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
Long Term Forecasting

This article presents Israel's experience of effective use of water resources. During the research, the following was investigated: - Israeli government policies aimed at the rational use of water resources; - the essence of Israeli policy on the rational use of water resources in agriculture; - Use Israel's strategy to grow its water use and price; - Long-term forecasting system for water use. The study concluded that: Prudent water management, reuse of wastewater and desalination of sea water, as well as the construction of the AllIsrael Water Pipeline, a consistent economic policy in the water sector against the background of effective integrated management of limited water resources, aimed at combating their scarcity, allowed to solve the problem of water shortage on a national scale and take the country out of the water crisis, reduce climate dependence and preserve the Lake of Kineret.

scholarly journals A Review on Managing Agroecosystems for Improved Water Use Efficiency in the Face of Changing Climate in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Kimaro
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Use Efficiency

Agroecosystems are important for food production and conservation of biodiversity while continuing to provide several ecosystem services within the landscape. Despite their economic and ecological benefits, most agroecosystems in Tanzania are degraded at alarming rates. Rapid increase of human population and unprecedented impacts of climate change have influenced depletion of natural resource base within agroecosystem in recent decades compared to what communities have experienced before. Increased food demands owing to population increase have increased pressure on exploitation of land resources including water. Cultivation area and irrigation water demands have increased steadily in the last six decades. Nevertheless, approaches used for water supply have not been improved; thus, water use efficiency in most irrigation schemes is quite poor. Conversely, climate smart agricultural practices are practiced less in Tanzania. There is poor adoption of recommended adaptation among smallholder farmers due to several socioeconomic reasons. One of the key objectives of climate smart agriculture is to improve bio-geochemical interactions within landscape and decrease competition of natural resources between humans and other component of agroecosystems. This underscores the assumptions that most cropping systems in Tanzania are not managed sustainably. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of hydrological dynamics within smallholder farming in Tanzania is highly lacking. Therefore, actual causes and extent of water resources depletion are largely unknown among stakeholders. In most tropical landscapes, water resources degradation is influenced by interaction of both anthropogenic and biophysical factors operating at different times and space scales. As the capacity of water-supplying sources continues to decline, Tanzania needs profound changes in agricultural production systems in order to nourish the growing human population. This calls for strategic approaches that have wider adaptability. A literature survey study with the following objectives was conducted (i) to assess current state of agricultural water use and irrigation activities in Tanzania and (ii) to determine major constraints for sustainable water management and identify appropriate adaptation measures for their improvement across diverse cropping systems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water demand and supply in the south of Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. O. Al-Furaiji ◽  
U. F. A. Karim ◽  
D. C. M. Augustijn ◽  
B. I. H. Waisi ◽  
S. J. M. H. Hulscher
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Water Demand And Supply ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
Total Water Demand ◽  
Southern Iraq

This paper presents results from the first study that focuses on water resources availability and demand for different purposes in the four oil-rich provinces of southern Iraq. The region accounts for 23% of the surface area and 18% of the country's population, but holds 88% of its oil. A water shortage of 430 Mm3/year for 2010 is estimated for this region where irrigation accounts for 81% of the total water demand. Dhi Qar is the largest agricultural producer and water consumer while Al Basrah and Al Muthanna have the largest water shortages among the four provinces. The interrelationship of energy–water production and utilization is discussed and the annual water balance for irrigation, industrial, domestic and livestock usage in the different provinces determined. On this basis recommendations are made for treating and utilizing the steadily increasing amounts of water produced from the oilfields to supplement the other sustainable water resources in that region.

scholarly journals Future Domestic Water Demand for Jeddah City

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Ahmed Samy Kamis Ahmed Samy Kamis
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Domestic Use

The paper discusses the present and future (1431-1460 A.H.) water de-mand and water resources for the domestic use in Jeddah city. Projection of both water demand driven by population as well as water resources are illustrated. Three scenarios are presented representing high, moderate and low cases for the population. Under each case, the level of water shortage problem is addressed and it is shown that without water conservation Jeddah city will face sig¬nificant water shortage.

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