The Capabilities of Haematology Analysers for Assessing the Bodyʼs Physiological and Pathological Conditions (Review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Aliya R. Shamratova ◽  
◽  
Valentina G. Shamratova ◽  
Aliya F. Kayumovа ◽  
Klara R. Ziyakaeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Asymmetry Coefficient ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Volume Characteristics

Haematology analysers have become an intrinsic part of contemporary medical practice and are used by specialists in various fields of medicine to diagnose diseases and predict their course and outcome. Moreover, the readings of these devices are currently in demand in experimental biology and medicine, toxicology, and veterinary medicine. This review examines the capabilities of modern models of haematology analysers and prospects for their use. New technical approaches combined with already known methods and statistical calculation parameters allow us to significantly expand the range of analyser output. It is shown that the introduction of programs for statistical calculations of a large number of indices and parameters of the distribution of cell populations by their volumes opens up new prospects for describing and evaluating not only pathological, but also physiological states of the body. We analysed both Russian and foreign literature on the use of erythrocyte and platelet indices to diagnose cardiovascular and other pathologies. Taking into account the indicators of corpuscular volume based on histograms and analysing statistical parameters of blood cell distribution enhance our understanding of the structure of blood cell populations, significantly increase the information content of research and can serve as an additional criterion for quantitative assessment of the bodyʼs conditions and diagnosis of diseases. Statistical characteristics such as asymmetry coefficient, kurtosis, and standard deviation of empirical erythrograms and leukograms allow us to assess the degree of anisocytosis and cellular heterogeneity, as well as the ratio of different populations. Studying the volume characteristics of blood cells based on histogram analysis significantly improves the effectiveness of using haematology analysers in evaluating various pathological and physiological conditions of the body.

scholarly journals Analysis of nitric oxide donor effectiveness in resistance vessels

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. H2390-H2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Hyduke ◽  
James C. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Interstitial Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
No Bioavailability

Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is associated with a number of pathological conditions. Administration of a supplemental source of NO can counter the pathological effects arising from decreased NO bioavailability. A class of NO-nucleophile adducts that spontaneously release NO (NONOates) has been developed, and its members show promise as therapeutic sources of NO. Because the NONOates release NO spontaneously, a significant portion of the NO may be consumed by the myriad of NO reactive species present in the body. Here we develop a model to analyze the efficacy of NO delivery, by membrane-impermeable NONOates, in the resistance arterioles. Our model identifies three features of blood vessels that will enhance NONOate efficacy: 1) the amount of NO delivered to the abluminal region increases with lumen radius; 2) the presence of a flow-induced red blood cell-free zone will augment NO delivery; and 3) extravasation of the NONOate into the interstitial space will increase abluminal NO delivery. These results suggest that NONOates may be more effective in larger vessels and that NONOate efficacy can be altered by modifying permeability to the interstitial space.

Healthy Gut, Healthy Brain: The Gut Microbiome in Neurodegenerative Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1142-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreyashi Chandra ◽  
Md. Tanjim Alam ◽  
Jhilik Dey ◽  
Baby C. Pulikkaparambil Sasidharan ◽  
Upasana Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Background: The central nervous system (CNS) known to regulate the physiological conditions of human body, also itself gets dynamically regulated by both the physiological as well as pathological conditions of the body. These conditions get changed quite often, and often involve changes introduced into the gut microbiota which, as studies are revealing, directly modulate the CNS via a crosstalk. This cross-talk between the gut microbiota and CNS, i.e., the gut-brain axis (GBA), plays a major role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Objective: We aim to discuss how gut microbiota, through GBA, regulate neurodegenerative disorders such as PD, AD, ALS, MS and HD. Methods: In this review, we have discussed the present understanding of the role played by the gut microbiota in neurodegenerative disorders and emphasized the probable therapeutic approaches being explored to treat them. Results: In the first part, we introduce the GBA and its relevance, followed by the changes occurring in the GBA during neurodegenerative disorders and then further discuss its role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Finally, we discuss its applications in possible therapeutics of these diseases and the current research improvements being made to better investigate this interaction. Conclusion: We concluded that alterations in the intestinal microbiota modulate various activities that could potentially lead to CNS disorders through interactions via the GBA.

Cytogenetic, anatomical and blood group studies of sheep twin chimaeras

1970 ◽  
Vol 175 (1039) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
X Protein ◽  
Blood Grouping

Karyotyping and blood grouping methods were used to identify sheep twin chimaeras. Evidence that an exchange of blood cell precursors (the origin of chimaerism) had taken place in utero was obtained by examining lymphocytes in culture and finding the chromosomes of both sexes in one individual, or by finding admixture of red cell antigens, haemoglobin or ‘X ’ protein. Where chimaerism of sex chromosomes was found the pairs had identical red cell types, but two separate populations of red cells were not always identifiable. The four females in the pairs studied were freemartins. No correlation was found between the relative proportions of the two red cell populations and those of the two white cell populations. In one pair of chimaeric ewes, breeding tests showed that the major red cell populations in each case were the true genetic type. In the freemartins no correlation was found between the degree of masculinity and the numbers of male lymphocytes. A possible correlation of masculinity with red cell proportions is discussed.

Use of the Gel Test to Detect Mixed Red Blood Cell Populations in Bone Marrow Transplantation Patients

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Zago-Novaretti ◽  
F. L. Dulley ◽  
P. E. Dorlhiac-Lacer ◽  
D. A. F. Chamone
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Cell Populations

AB0119 Deregulated Expression of Mirnas in Purified Disease Relevant Blood Cell Populations in Patients with Spondyloarthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 937.2-937
Author(s):  
J. Tost ◽  
A. Bugge Tinggaard ◽  
S.-F. Wang-Renault ◽  
F. Busato ◽  
M. Dougados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Populations

Extase scopique, sédimentation langagičre et inscription corporelle. Les images dans la civilisation contemporaine

PARADIGMI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Wunenburger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Image Informatics

- Linguistic Sedimentation, and Bodily Inscription At present, we are exposed to an excessive offer of images, which raises a problem of assimilation. Subjects are increasingly passive, in ways that can border on pathological conditions. Yet, it is not so much a question of condemning this situation as of finding a way of re-symbolizing images, saving them from mere contemplation and inserting them in a process of contextualisation. Such a process requires an understanding of the role of the body and of the incorporation of images along the lines of Bachelard's intuition of the "resisting" nature of images. This raises the possibility of an education to images suited to the present age.Key words: Alienation, Education, Embodiment, Image, Informatics, Symbolisation.Parole chiave: Alienazione, Educazione, Immagine, Incorporazione, Informatica, Simbolizzazione.

Some aspects of hemostasis in the tactics of the ophthalmologist. Literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
O.M. Stanishevskaya ◽  
◽  
M.A. Safronova ◽  
G.V. Bratko ◽  
I.Y. Efremova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Correct Orientation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Disorders of hemostasis occupy an important place in the structure of vascular diseases and are one of the most frequent pathological conditions encountered in practical medicine. The hemostasis system is naturally the most vulnerable system of the body. Violations of its balance are found in a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions of the body. It is not uncommon for the first debut of decompensation to lead to an ophthalmologist. In the practice of an ophthalmologist, there are diseases when it is necessary to pay close attention to thrombophilic conditions. Changes in the hemostatic system, affect a wide range of vascular diseases of the eyeball. Recognition of the type of thrombophilia and its timely laboratory diagnosis in patients with vascular diseases of the retina and optic nerve are important in achieving the best treatment results. Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of vascular diseases of the eyeball and modern diagnostics, including the study of hemostasis, is necessary and relevant to achieve the best clinical and functional treatment result. Timely and correct orientation of patients in vascular pathology is extremely important due to the fact that concomitant systemic pathology can aggravate the course of the disease, therefore, the choice of treatment tactics for this category of patients should be carried out in conjunction with a therapist, cardiologist, hematologist and endocrinologist. Key words: hemostasis, thrombosis CVS, diabet, primary open-angle glaucoma thrombodynamica, cardiovascular pathology.

TAMI-70. METABOLIC VULNERABILITY TO GPX4 INHIBITION AND FERROPTOSIS OF QUIESCENT ASTROCYTE-LIKE GLIOMA CELL POPULATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi212-vi213
Author(s):  
Matei Banu ◽  
Athanassios Dovas ◽  
Michael Argenziano ◽  
Wenting Zhao ◽  
Dominique Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Astrocytic Tumor ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Novel Treatments

Abstract Diversity is a key feature in the glioma ecosystem. Adaptation to a changing tumor microenvironment is achieved through cellular and metabolic plasticity. Here we show that slow-cycling, astrocyte-like glioma cell subpopulations activate distinct metabolic programs, rendering them susceptible to novel treatments. We performed multi-omics analysis on transgenic murine glioma models to characterize cellular heterogeneity. Bulk RNAseq on targeted time-dependent biopsies combined with scRNAseq uncovered distinct tumor cell populations, including a quiescent, astrocyte-like population relatively insensitive to conventional chemotherapy targeting proliferating cells. Using scRNAseq, we identified a persistently conserved astrocytic population in human IDH1-mt/wt high-grade gliomas. This astrocytic tumor population was more abundant in mouse models with constitutive Notch activation, however it was associated with alterations in several other transcriptional programs, suggesting that targeted therapies would likely be ineffective at eradicating it. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment in mitochondrial genes specifically regulating oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Energetic, lipidomic and metabolomic analyses revealed significant mitochondrial β-fatty acid oxidation and lipid catabolism, with less effective oxygen consumption rate and higher basal oxidative stress. Furthermore, this astrocytic tumor population had depleted levels of basal GSH and was more sensitive to reactive oxygen species. Leveraging this metabolic vulnerability, we performed drug screens and found that therapeutic inhibition of complex I or GPX4 was highly effective and synergistic. GPX4 inhibition induced ferroptosis, a newly-discovered form of programmed non-necroptotic cell death mediated by iron-driven lipid peroxidation. Using scRNAseq and RNAscope on ex vivo slice cultures from murine and human gliomas, we found that GPX4 inhibition and ferroptosis induction in the glioma microenvironment selectively eradicated the quiescent astrocytic subpopulation whereas proliferating glioma were less sensitive. Our data therefore supports a novel treatment paradigm, employing metabolic strategies, such as ferroptosis, in conjunction with chemotherapy and RT to target distinct tumor cell populations with different therapeutic vulnerabilities.

THU0367 Identification of Differentially Methylated Genes in Purified Disease-Relevant Blood Cell Populations in Patients with Spondyloarthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 319.3-320
Author(s):  
J. Tost ◽  
A. Bugge Tinggaard ◽  
S.-F. Wang-Renault ◽  
F. Busato ◽  
M. Dougados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes
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