Role of HSV-1 Capsid Vertex-Specific Component (CVSC) and Viral Terminal DNA in Capsid Docking at the Nuclear Pore

Penetration of the viral genome into a host cell nucleus is critical for initiation of viral replication for most DNA viruses and a few RNA viruses. For herpesviruses, viral DNA ejection into a nucleus occurs when the capsid docks at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) basket with the correct orientation of the unique capsid portal vertex. It has been shown that capsid vertex-specific component (CVSC) proteins, which are located at the twelve vertices of the human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsid, interact with nucleoporins (Nups) of NPCs. However, it remained unclear whether CVSC proteins determine capsid-to-NPC binding. Furthermore, it has been speculated that terminal DNA adjacent to the portal complex of DNA-filled C-capsids forms a structural motif with the portal cap (which retains DNA in the capsid), which mediates capsid-NPC binding. We demonstrate that terminal viral DNA adjacent to the portal proteins does not present a structural element required for capsid-NPC binding. Our data also show that level of CVSC proteins on the HSV-1 capsid affects level of NPC binding. To elucidate the capsid-binding process, we use an isolated, reconstituted cell nucleus system that recapitulates capsid-nucleus binding in vivo without interference from trafficking kinetics of capsids moving toward the nucleus. This allows binding of non-infectious capsid maturation intermediates with varying levels of vertex-specific components. This experimental system provides a platform for investigating virus–host interaction at the nuclear membrane.

NPGREAT: Assembly of the human subtelomere regions with the use of ultralong Nanopore reads and Linked-Reads

Background Human subtelomeric DNA regulates the length and stability of adjacent telomeres that are critical for cellular function, and contains many gene/pseudogene families. Large evolutionarily recent segmental duplications and associated structural variation in human subtelomeres has made complete sequencing and assembly of these regions difficult to impossible for many loci, complicating or precluding a wide range of genetic analyses to investigate their function. Results We present a hybrid assembly method, NanoPore Guided REgional Assembly Tool (NPGREAT), which combines Linked-Read data with ultralong nanopore reads spanning subtelomeric segmental duplications to potentially overcome these difficulties. Linked-Read sets identified by matches with 1-copy subtelomere sequence adjacent to segmental duplications are assembled and extended into the segmental duplication regions using Regional Extension of Assemblies using Linked-Reads (REXTAL). Telomere-containing ultralong nanopore reads are then used to provide contiguity and correct orientation for matching REXTAL sequence contigs as well as identification/correction of any misassemblies (associated primarily with tandem repeats). While we focus on subtelomeres, the method is generally applicable to assembly of segmental duplications and other complex genome regions. Our method was tested for a subset of representative subtelomeres with ultralong nanopore read coverage in GM12878. 10X Linked-Read datasets with high depth of coverage and a TELL-seq Linked-Read dataset with lower depth of coverage were each combined with the ultralong nanopore reads from the same genome to provide improved assemblies. Tandem repeat regions of the short-read assemblies, which are especially prone to misassembly due to collapse of matching tandemly repeated reads, were readily identified and properly sized by comparison with the nanopore reads. Conclusion The NPGREAT method resulted in extension of high-quality assemblies into otherwise inaccessible segmental duplication regions near telomeres, enhancing our ability to accurately assemble human subtelomere DNA. This information will enable improved analyses of the structure, function, and evolution of these key regions.

Research on Silicon Wafer Manufacturing Process and Physical Properties Testing Using High-Purity Polysilicon

The shape of a bare wafer is round, so it is called a wafer or a silicon wafer. It is the basis for the production of silicon semiconductor integrated circuits. The silicon wafer is cut from a large piece of semiconductor material silicon ingot. The high-purity polysilicon (its purity is up to 99.999999999%) is into a large single crystal, given the correct orientation and an appropriate amount of N-type or P-type doping, a silicon ingot is obtained through five-step crystal growth. Wafers (wafers) are then made from silicon ingots by more than eight processes. This paper investigates the single crystal silicon growth and wafer preparation process technology, and finally discusses the evolution of wafer size growth and changes in the development of the semiconductor industry chain.

Cortical Hyper-Connectivity in a Stroke Patient with Rotated Drawing

In the present case report, we investigated the cortical networks of a patient (DDA) affected by right parietal stroke who showed a constructional phenomenon, in which when coping and recalling from memory a complex figure, the model was reproduced rotated of 90° along the vertical axis. Previous studies suggested that rotation on copy is associated with visuospatial impairments and abnormalities in parietal cortex, whereas rotation on recall might be related to executive deficits and dysfunction of frontal regions. Here, we computed the DDA’s resting-state functional connectivity (FC) derived from cortical regions of the dorsal attention (DAN) and the frontal portion of the executive-control network (fECN), which are involved in the control of visuospatial attention and multiple executive functions, respectively. We observed that, as compared to a control group of right stroke patients without drawing rotation, DDA exhibited selective increased FC of the DAN and fECN, but not of task-irrelevant language network, within the undamaged hemisphere. These patterns might reflect a pathological communication in such networks leading to impaired attentional and executive operations required to reproduce the model in the correct orientation. Notably, such enhancement of FC was not detected in a patient with a comparable neuropsychological profile as DDA, yet without rotated drawing, suggesting that network-specific modulations in DDA might be ascribed to the constructional phenomenon of rotated drawing.

Protein Phosphatase 1 in association with Bud14 inhibits mitotic exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mitotic exit in budding yeast is dependent on correct orientation of the mitotic spindle along the cell polarity axis. When accurate positioning of the spindle fails, a surveillance mechanism named the Spindle Position Checkpoint (SPOC) prevents cells from exiting mitosis. Mutants with a defective SPOC become multinucleated and lose their genomic integrity. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the SPOC mechanism is missing. In this study, we identified the type 1 protein phosphatase, Glc7, in association with its regulatory protein Bud14 as a novel checkpoint component. We further showed that Glc7-Bud14 promotes dephosphorylation of the SPOC effector protein Bfa1. Our results suggest a model in which two mechanisms act in parallel for a robust checkpoint response: first, the SPOC kinase Kin4 isolates Bfa1 away from the inhibitory kinase Cdc5 and second, Glc7-Bud14 dephosphorylates Bfa1 to fully activate the checkpoint effector.

Fashioning Osteochondral Allograft for Humeral Head Defects in Reverse Hill-Sachs Lesions – A Proposed Surgical Technique

Introduction:Posterior glenohumeral joint dislocations with associated bony lesions are challenging to treat; namely, reverse Hill-Sachs’s lesions increase humeral head excursion predisposing to recurrent dislocations. To add to the complexity of management, posterior shoulder dislocations are often missed on plain radiographs, leading to chronicity in presentation. Case Report:We describe here our technique in our case series of three patients. Case I, 32 years, gentleman, presented 3 days after injury. He had a locked posterior dislocation of shoulder which he sustained while he fell asleep and hit a glass table. Shoulder was not reducible in emergency department. Reverse Hill- Sachs’s lesion involved 40% of humeral head. Case II, a 54- years- old gentleman, a keen gym trainer . Following sudden withdrawal of diazepam, he woke up lying on the floor and started experiencing shoulder pain. He presented a week following the injury. The dislocated shoulder could not be reduced in emergency department. Bony defect involved 50% of humeral head. Case III, 45 years gentleman who fell off from bike, presented on the same day to the emergency department. The dislocated shoulder was reduced. Defect size was 40% of humeral head. A thorough physical and radiological examination was performed to evaluate the lesion. Delto-pectoral approach was utilized for surgical exposure. Once fully assessed, the lesion is outlined and an oscillating saw is used to create uniform edges - – a regular “orange slice”- shaped defect. The prepared defect size is measured. Calcium phosphate cement is used to fill the defect and form a mould that represents the dimensions of allograft required to recreate the native sphericity of the humeral head. This mould then acts as a reference when fashioning the osteochondral femoral allograft to make sure this fits the defect anatomically. Once the graft is prepared, it is placed into the defect in the correct orientation and fixed in situ using headless s

Passive seismic experiment “AniMaLS” in the Polish Sudetes (NE Variscides)

The paper presents information about the seismic experiment “AniMaLS” which aims to provide a new insight into the crust and upper mantle structure beneath the Polish Sudetes (NE margin of the Variscan orogen). The seismic network composed of 23 temporary broadband stations was operated continuously for about 2 years (October 2017 to October 2019). The dataset was complemented by records from eight permanent stations located in the study area and in the vicinity. The stations were deployed with an inter-station spacing of approximately 25–30 km. As a result, recordings of local, regional and teleseismic events were obtained. We describe the aims and motivation of the project, the station deployment procedure, as well as the characteristics of the temporary seismic network and of the permanent stations. Furthermore, this paper includes a description of important issues like data transmission setup, status monitoring systems, data quality control, near-surface geological structure beneath stations and related site effects, etc. Special attention was paid to verification of correct orientation of the sensors. The obtained dataset will be analysed using several seismic interpretation methods, including analysis of seismic anisotropy parameters, with the objective of extending knowledge about the lithospheric and sublithospheric structure and the tectonic evolution of the study area.

Orientation Control of Self-Righting Tensegrity Landers

Squishy Robotics, Inc. has developed a spherical sensor robot that can be rapidly deployed by air drops of up to 1,000 ft for emergency response situations to improve situational awareness for first responders. Although the tensegrity structure has successfully been shown to survive the drop, some payloads require orientation when they land. For example, a payload that contains sensors and communication equipment to relay the data may need the robot to be oriented such that the antennas are pointing upward, or some sensors are positioned in a specific plane for operation. This requirement presents a challenge for a tensegrity-based delivery system because the structure absorbs energy using passive compliance and bounces several times upon landing. Although active systems using motors and actuators could be used to control orientation after landing, they increase the overall weight and complexity of the system. This paper describes the research on a passive control solution that achieves the correct orientation by placing weights on selected rods forming an asymmetrically weighted tensegrity structure that preferentially rolls and orients itself during the impact process. The design approach is applied to three robot sizes and the self-righting behavior is validated through experimental results.

BIM-TECHNOLOGY METHOD AND MODELS IN THE DESIGN OF THE AQUAPARK DOME STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN ARCHES

Тhe issues of designing a multi-volume dome structure for a water park using wooden arches as load-bearing structures are сonsidered. The complexity of the volumes and their joining lines, as well as the requirement to perform non-linear analysis of large-span timber elements at the request of Eurocode 5, make an information model with elements of BIM-technology necessary. It is noted that design using this technology is developing in the direction of taking into account all stages of the structure life cycle. Wood Information modeling is the most prepared for the use of BIM-technologies. This is due to the high factory readiness and complex digital technologies for the manufacture of modern wooden structures elements. During the design, an information model was formulated in the SAPFIR software package with the subsequent possibility of importing the model into the LIRA-SAPR software package. Additional steps were used to build the model: creating a 2D template in AutoCad with reference lines and the location of rigid walls on which the coating rests, and importing drawings into SAPFIR as a dxf-underlay; for all elements of the system located in the local coordinate system, auxiliary lines were built for the correct orientation of the plane in space; loads on curved surfaces were calculated in the PC Expri. For the further development of the nodes, 3D modeling was used with the transfer of the information model to the Tekla Structures PC as a specialized environment for the constructive section of the project. The presented calculation of a complex dome structure using wooden arches summarizes the approaches to the development of unique forms of structures using wood. The use of information models made it possible to reduce the time spent on design, to optimize the drawings, and also to significantly increase the complexity of the architectural and structural design of the structure and the design model, taking into account the nonlinear effects of wood.

Some aspects of hemostasis in the tactics of the ophthalmologist. Literature review

Disorders of hemostasis occupy an important place in the structure of vascular diseases and are one of the most frequent pathological conditions encountered in practical medicine. The hemostasis system is naturally the most vulnerable system of the body. Violations of its balance are found in a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions of the body. It is not uncommon for the first debut of decompensation to lead to an ophthalmologist. In the practice of an ophthalmologist, there are diseases when it is necessary to pay close attention to thrombophilic conditions. Changes in the hemostatic system, affect a wide range of vascular diseases of the eyeball. Recognition of the type of thrombophilia and its timely laboratory diagnosis in patients with vascular diseases of the retina and optic nerve are important in achieving the best treatment results. Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of vascular diseases of the eyeball and modern diagnostics, including the study of hemostasis, is necessary and relevant to achieve the best clinical and functional treatment result. Timely and correct orientation of patients in vascular pathology is extremely important due to the fact that concomitant systemic pathology can aggravate the course of the disease, therefore, the choice of treatment tactics for this category of patients should be carried out in conjunction with a therapist, cardiologist, hematologist and endocrinologist. Key words: hemostasis, thrombosis CVS, diabet, primary open-angle glaucoma thrombodynamica, cardiovascular pathology.