scholarly journals Certain Questions of the Criminological Concept of the Definition of «Victim of a Crime»

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Dmytro VYHOVSKYI ◽  
Tetiana NIKIFOROVA
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Crime Victim ◽  
New Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminological Analysis

The article gives an analysis of the views of works of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists in the field of some victimological theories, in particular — definition «victim of a crime». Attention applies on the special value of provocative behavior of the victim in a case of commission of some crimes. Attention is drawn to the fact that provocative behavior is not only important for conducting a criminological analysis of a crime victim, but for qualification of some crimes too (for example — articles no. 118 and no. 124 of the criminal code of Ukraine). To achieve the objectives of the article, studies of criminologists were analyzed. Researches of scientists, who considered the problem of defining a «victim of crime» in terms of psychology, sociology, etc. were also analyzed. It has been concluded that criminological victimology (as an integral part of criminology) is a relatively new science. This situation is explained by the lack of interest of researchers in concepts of «victim mentality», «victimisation», «victim of a crime» till to the late 1940s 20th century. The conclusion was made about regularities between humanistic trends in the world and formation of the concept of "victim of crime" in the middle of the twentieth century. The conclusions are based on the study of the importance of victimological teaching in modern criminology science. Most of them are used by modern criminology scientists’ definitions of «victim of a crime». Attention is drawn to the ambiguity of understanding definition «victim of a crime». This is because some scientists suggest identifying «victim of a crime» with a «person, who suffered from the crime». In our opinion, his understanding is wrong. Also it is specified, that «victim of a crime» can be used in a narrow sense (as the person who is directly caused moral, physical or property damage) and in a broad sense (representative of a certain nation, race, religious trend, social group, concerning which a crime directly was not committed, but who cannot feel safe because of spread of these crimes). Keywords: victim mentality, victimisation, victim of a crime, victimological theories.

Criminological assessment of the identity of the offender serving a sentence of imprisonment for crimes related to drug trafficking for the purpose of sale (on the example of the Republic of Belarus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Светлана Михайловна Казакевич
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Illicit Drug Trafficking ◽  
Criminological Analysis

В статье проанализированы имеющиеся в научной литературе точки зрения относительно понятия «личность преступника», представлена авторская дефиниция личности преступника, совершающего преступления в сфере незаконного оборота наркотиков с целью сбыта. Криминологическому анализу подвергнуты осужденные, отбывающие наказание в виде лишения за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков, по ч. 2, 3 ст. 328 Уголовного кодекса Республики Беларусь. По результатам проведенного эмпирического исследования выявлены особенности социально-демографического, медицинского, уголовно-правового и нравственно-психологического характера, присущие осужденным указанной категории. Обосновывается необходимость осуществления сотрудниками исправительных учреждений постоянного мониторинга личностных качеств осужденных за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков с целью сбыта, и выработки на этой основе наиболее оптимальных вариантов проведения с ними индивидуальной воспитательной работы. Представлена авторская разработка криминологической модели личности преступника, отбывающего наказание в виде лишения свободы за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков с целью сбыта. The article analyzes the points of view of scientists regarding the concept of “the identity of the criminal”, presents the author’s definition of the identity of the criminal who commits crimes in the sphere of illicit drug trafficking with a view to marketing. Convicted prisoners who are serving a sentence of deprivation for crimes related to drug trafficking, according to the following parts, are subjected to criminological analysis. 2, 3 tbsp. 328 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus. According to the results of the empirical research, the peculiarities of the socio-demographic, medical, criminal law, and moral-psychological nature of the convicts of this category were revealed. It justifies the need for employees of correctional institutions to continuously monitor the personal qualities of those convicted of crimes related to drug trafficking with a view to selling, and to develop on this basis the most optimal options for carrying out individual educational work with them. The author presents the development of a criminological model of the identity of a criminal who is serving a sentence of imprisonment for crimes related to drug trafficking with a view to selling.

scholarly journals A. P. Platonov and children’s reading in the beginning of the 20th century: Sources, genres, names, themes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Aleksey O. Kostylev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
The World ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Children's Reading ◽  
Children’S Reading

The article examines the reading of a child at the beginning of the twentieth century in connection with the question of its influence on the world of childhood in the work of A. Platonov. The study of the pre-revolutionary reading of children is of historical and literary interest, it can help in identifying specific texts from the early reading of the writer, in defining traditions that influenced the world of childhood in Platonov’s prose and shaped it, the genesis of children’s images, and the search for allusions.

scholarly journals Anthropic turn to modernity

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (91) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
O. V. Haletskyy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
New Science ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
New Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

The anthropic turn of philosophy appears as a theoretical justification of the transition in the twentieth century from the state-totalitarian regimes to the globalization-information society, demo-liberal regimes and human rights. Since the middle of the twentieth century through so-called new science arises a new process-creative-centric image of the world in what the development of the anthroponomospherical tendency became the so-called socio-cultural paradigm, what is an increase in the conscious-spiritual factors of development. In the justifications of the anthropic principle of Carter, world-formation is concentrated in man as a personified creation of all cosmic, biological and social-spiritual forces, a continuation and continuater of world creation. The idea of a man as a cosmic being, but capable of his reconstruction, is further developed in a wide anthropocosmism. In the special anthropophilosophy of the first half of the twentieth century. The subject of reflection is the explanation and disclosure of the phenomenological meaning and the essence of human existence, the essence of which is that man is an animal, but is able to transcend himself, due to the spirit.

Encounters with Modernity among Received Spiritualities and Traditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candy Gunther Brown
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Spiritual Healing ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Divine Healing ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Technologies

This chapter canvasses the various meanings of modernity and secularization, and develops a partial typology of Protestant reactions to these key themes of the twentieth century. Through the author’s expertise in global charismatic and divine healing movements, and shifting interpretations of sacred texts and religious practice, the chapter notes six categories of Protestant responses, which are to: (1) reinterpret the Bible in light of modern scholarship; (2) reaffirm the Bible’s authoritative status; (3) recontextualize the Bible in light of modern society and culture; (4) reinterpret medical materialism through the prism of biblical supernaturalism; (5) reassess the Bible’s compatibility with a plurality of spiritual healing resources; and (6) reappropriate modern technologies for traditional biblical ends. The chapter notes the challenges to the standard secularization theory, and to the self-definition of Protestant dissenting movements, as they move around the world. It illustrates these points with particular reference to the rise of African indigenous charismatic dissenting practice, starting with key figures such as William Wadé Harris.

Regietheater – The Big Challenge for the Opera of our Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Cristina Radu-Giurgiu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
The World

"In a postmodern world where creative, aesthetic and social patterns are constantly reshaped or radically changed – a conservative, traditionalist view of lyrical performance can easily be categorized by some contemporary audiences as outdated and irrelevant. It is still possible that the opera, in its old costumes, to communicate any more interesting content – to modern man? This has been the dilemma of many opera directors who in the twentieth century changed their approach and often produced shocking performances for the public. The question remains open to the creators of the 21st century, the world of opera receiving more and more versions of shows that challenges the public with provocative solutions. Keywords: Regietheater, Opera, modern stages, 20th century "

scholarly journals The Peculiarity of the Visual Autofiction of Sergei Parajanov

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
T. N. Amiryan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Text Corpus ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Artistic Heritage

In this article, a number of works by Sergei Parajanov are considered within the context of such type of writing and movement in fiction and arts as autofiction. The objective of this article is to identify various types of autofictionality, common in both Parajanov's feature films (“Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors”, “The Color of Pomegranates”, “Kyiv Frescoes”), and his performative projects, collages, assemblages, scenarios (“The Confession”), the epistolary text corpus, etc. The analysis of Parajanov’s artistic heritage through the prism of visual autofiction contributes to a more precise definition of the place and significance of the filmmaker’s works in the world artistic culture of the second half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Creative peculiarities of drama pieces in the Karakalpak literature of the 20th century (On the basis of T.Qayipbergenov's dramatical pieces)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
M. Palymbetova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Development History ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to identifying the genre features of the works of the prose writer and playwright T. Kaipbergenov. In the article we focused on the history of the drama in the Karakalpak literature of the twentieth century and the study of its development history by scientists. We also noted that the drama in the Karakalpak literature originated in the 20s of the twentieth century, and the very first playwrights were K.Auezov, S.Mazhitov, A.Otepov and reviewed their dramatic works. We considered the features of the study and the objects of study of such researchers as K. Ayymbetov, T. Allanazarov, T. Bayandiyev, K. Sultanov, and in the years of independence K. Kamalov, S. Allayarov, K. Kurambaev, J. Esenov, O Satbayev, B.Tursinov, I.Oteuliyev, Zharimbetov and others. The prominent figure in Karakalpak literature, T. Kaipbergenov, as a publicist, prose writer and playwright, made a great contribution to the 20th century Karakalpak literature, becoming famous for his works all over the world. He played a major role in the comprehensive development of our literature, writing, along with prose works, such dramatic works as “Last Name”, “Aidos Baba”, and “Sakhra Bulbuli”. Therefore, this article is devoted to the study of ideas and themes, genre features and the system of images of these works, who have made a great contribution to the development of Karakalpak literature.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Khary Oronde Polk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Military Conscription ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Key Terms

This introduction provides a framework for considering America’s military conscription of gender, racial, and sexual difference in the early to mid-twentieth century, and the unique role Black military workers played in the extension of U.S. empire. Beginning with the definition of militarism as conceived by Alfred Vagts, the author makes an appeal for both conservative and progressive scholars to focus on the study of the military. Immunity and contagion are introduced as key terms used to analyze the movement of African American soldiers around the world, and to show how their quests for citizenship rights was burdened by antiblack racism. A chapter breakdown demonstrates how race, nation, masculinity, and sexuality are important subjects in the archive of American militarism, and argues that a new chapter of African American life was brought into being through the imperial conscription of racial, gender, and sexual difference.

Orbis non sufficit (An Introduction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Roland Végső
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The introduction draws some of the consequences of what we could call the contemporary fetishization of the concept of the world. It argues that the problem of worldlessness has functioned as the unacknowledged centre of reflection for continental philosophy after WWII. The second half of the 20th century inherited some of the basic contradictions of Martin Heidegger’s definition of worldlessness. As a result, continental philosophy remained limited in its scope by the Heideggerian heritage. In place of the fetishization of the world, the introduction offers a new starting point for our discussions that can be summarized in the simple proposition: ‘the world is not enough’.

Wars and Rumors of Wars

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-35
Author(s):  
Brian Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Christian Belief ◽  
World War ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First World

This chapter suggests that the consequences of the First World War for patterns of Christian belief and the life of the churches were indeed great, but that they stimulated, not an immediate loss of faith, but rather the emergence and increasingly distinct self-definition of some of the most characteristic themes and divergent styles of Christianity in the modern world. It then identifies the main implications of the war for Christianity on a world stage. First, the war came close to destroying the spirit of Protestant internationalism that had been so powerfully symbolized and fostered by the World Missionary Conference held at Edinburgh in June of 1910. A second consequence of the war was the gradual erosion of credibility of the European ideal of “Christian civilization,” and consequent softening of the antithesis between “Christian West” and “Non-Christian East.” Third, the war led some theological interpreters to question the more facile expressions of Christian liberalism and social optimism to which sections of the Protestant churches had succumbed since the dawn of the twentieth century. A fourth spiritual consequence of the war was the stimulus it imparted to forms of religion that emphasized the suprarational, and hence the limits of rational human capacity to change the world.

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