The Effect of Feeding Punicum Mombasa on The Production of Total Gas, Methane and Digestion Factor in Vitro

Inclusion of lactose in dairy cow rations increases dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield (Garnsworthy 1996). This may be due to the relatively slow rate of lactose fermentation ( Hussain and Miller, 1998) sustaining better regulation of rumen pH and also possible consequence for microbial protein synthesis (Chamberlain et al., 1993).This experiment was conducted to study the changes in rumen environment over the adaptation period and effect of these changes on the fermentation of lactose itself.Three Suffolk wethers (b.wt 56± 7.36 kg) maintained on hay and concentrate (600:400) were offered 50g lactose per day for 16 days. Rumen liquor collected on dayO (before offering lactose), 4, 8, 12 and 16 was used to measure gas production from sucrose and lactose ( Menke et al., 1979). On these days rumen samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs after the morning feed. Rumen pH, ammonia N (NH3N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured. At 8 hrs time rumen samples were also taken for protozoa enumeration. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA procedure of Genstat 5.

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Effect of Feeding and of DDT on the Activity of Hepatic Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Two Salmonids

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f69-302 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3209-3216 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Donald R. Buhler ◽

P. Benville

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Coho Salmon ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Regulatory Control ◽

Hepatic Glucose ◽

Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽

Effect Of Feeding

The specific activity of liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in yearling rainbow trout remained unchanged when the fish were starved for periods as long as 8 weeks and when starved animals were fed diets of various compositions. Injection of insulin concurrently with refeeding also failed to alter the specific activity of the enzyme in trout. The absence of a dietary or insulin influence on the teleost enzyme system is to be contrasted with studies in mammals in which the activity of hepatic glucose 6-P dehydrogenase was markedly stimulated after refeeding starved animals or injection of insulin.Ingestion of the pesticide DDT by juvenile coho salmon or adult rainbow trout also had no effect on the specific activity of liver glucose 6-P dehydrogenase and DDT failed to inhibit the rainbow trout enzyme in vitro. These results also differ considerably from those found in higher animals.These results suggest that the glucose 6-P dehydrogenase enzyme in teleosts may be under a different type of regulatory control from that found in mammals.

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Hyperpolarization of thyroid cells in vitro by thyrotropin and cyclic AMP

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.1.52 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 231 (1) ◽

pp. 52-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R Batt ◽

JM McKenzie

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Short Term ◽

Thyroid Cells ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Thyroid Glands ◽

The Relationship ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

Mouse Thyroid

With the use of microelectrodes, membrane potential (MP) was measured in mouse thyroid glands in vitro. A basal resting MP of about -39 mV was confirmed. The initial effect of feeding a low-iodine diet (6-12 days) was hyperpolarization, up to -47 m V; chronic low-iodine diet led to depolarization. Low concentrations of thyrotropin (less than 3 mU/ml superfusate) caused hyperpolarization and high ones (greater than 10 mU/ml) led to depolarization. Cyclic AMP (10(-3) M), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1.2 X 10(-4) M or 1.2 X 10(-3) M) and theophylline (10(-2) or 10(-3) M) caused similar hyperpolarization: D- and DL-propranolol (5 X 10(-5) -5 X 10(-4) M) produced depolarization and inhibited hyperpolarization by thyrotropin. Conclusions are that hyperpolarization is a consequence of short-term increased secretion of thyrotropin in vivo or of low (near physiological) concentrations in vitro; these effects are probably mediated by cyclic AMP. The relationship to and mechanism of depolarization resulting from chronic enhanced endogenous secretion or high in vitro concentrations of thyrotropin are unknown.

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Effect of feeding level on luteal function and progesterone concentration in the vena cava during early pregnancy in gilts

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd11295 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 531 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. Z. Athorn ◽

P. Stott ◽

E. G. Bouwman ◽

T. Y. Chen ◽

D. J. Kennaway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Pregnancy ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Embryo Survival ◽

Luteal Function ◽

Feeding Level ◽

Survival And Development ◽

Luteal Tissue ◽

Effect Of Feeding

This study assessed the effect of feeding level on progesterone concentration in the caudal vena cava during early pregnancy in gilts. Twenty-four Landrace gilts were allocated to either a high (2.8±0.02) or a low (1.5±0.01kg day–1) feeding level at Day 0 of pregnancy. Serial blood samples were collected every 15min for 3h before and 3h after feeding on Days 6 and 9 of pregnancy. Embryo survival and development as well as in vitro luteal progesterone production were assessed at Day 10 of pregnancy. Progesterone concentration in the vena cava was pulsatile with gilts on the high feeding level having more pulses compared with Low gilts on Day 9 of pregnancy (P<0.05). On Day 6 the number of pulses did not differ significantly between treatments; however, the average progesterone concentration in the vena cava tended to be higher in the gilts on the high feeding level (P<0.10). Embryo survival at Day 10 was 92±3% for High gilts compared with 77±3% for Low gilts (P<0.05). No difference in embryo development between the treatments was seen. There was no difference between treatments in in vitro secretion of progesterone by luteal tissue. In conclusion, a high plane of nutrition positively affects progesterone secretion by the ovaries in early pregnancy.

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Effect of feeding rice gluten meal with and without enzymes on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.2062-2069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2062-2069

Author(s):

Om Prakash Dinani ◽

Pramod Kumar Tyagi ◽

Jagbir Singh Tyagi ◽

Subrat Kumar Bhanja ◽

J. J. Rokade

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Enzyme Supplementation ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Background and Aim: Blood and serological parameters are indicators of the health status of the birds and influenced by the type of feed and their nutrient composition. Scanty researches are available in rice gluten meal (RGM) regarding its effect of feeding with and without enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry. This study was conducted for in vitro and in vivo investigation regarding feeding RGM without or with different enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. The in vitro study was done to determine chemical composition of RGM used in the biological trial. Materials and Methods: A biological experiment with 384 broiler chicks was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding RGM as soybean replacement without or with different enzymes on carcass characteristics in broiler chicken for 42 days. Two levels of RGM were taken (15% and 17.5%). Protease, xylanase, and multienzymes supplementation under different treatments were done. Results: The RGM feeding and enzyme supplementation or their interaction revealed no significant (p>0.05) effects on the hematological parameters and serological parameters of broiler chickens except the significant (p<0.05) effect of enzyme supplementation on serum albumin and triglyceride values. The higher albumin values were observed in xylanase and protease supplemented birds and lower triglyceride values were observed in xylanase supplemented birds. Conclusion: Thus, it may be concluded that RGM feeding at 15% or 17.5% inclusion level with or without enzymes had no adverse effect on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens.

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Further observations on the effect of feeding diets containing avoparcin on the excretion of salmonellas by experimentally infected chickens

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800029915 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 239-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P. A. Barrow

Keyword(s):

Alimentary Tract ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Faecal Excretion ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Excretion Rates ◽

Feeding Diets ◽

Effect Of Feeding

SUMMARYChickens which had been inoculated orally with a nalidixic acid-resistant strain ofSalmonella typhimuriumwere reared on a diet containing different concentrations of avoparcin in an attempt to explain the variation in response to commercial levels of this antibiotic oberved by different workers. In one experiment small increases in faecal excretion of the inoculated salmonella occurred at 2·5 and 5·0 mg kg−1, with greater increases between 7·5 and 20 mg kg−1In a second experiment there was a significant increase in excretion at 7'5 mg kg−1and in a third experiment in which generally higher excretion rates were detected in all groups, significant increases were observed at 10 and 12·5 mg kg−1only. In addition avoparcin significantly increased the faecal excretion ofS. cholerae-suis, S. dublin and S. arizonae, serotypes not usually associated with poultry-derived food-poisoning in the United Kingdom. It did not increase faecal excretion ofS. pullorum. Avoparcin at 10 mg kg−1appeared to have little effect on the normal intestinal flora ofS. typhimuriuminfected chickens despite the fact that when tested in vitro individual organisms were susceptible to this drug concentration. At 100 mg kg 1 viable counts of intestinal enterococci and Gramnegative anaerobic bacteria were considerably reduced while those ofS. typhimurium and Escherichia coliincreased. Antibiotic activity due to avoparcin was detectable in the alimentary tract and there was some increase in concentration of the antibiotic in the more distal regions.

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The Nature of Hepatic Cytochrome P-450 Induced in Hexachlorobenzene-Fed Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0550461 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 461-469

Author(s):

G. H. Blekkenhorst ◽

L. Eales ◽

N. R. Pimstone

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Properties ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Cytochrome P 450 ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

Hepatic Cytochrome

1. The effect of feeding with a diet containing 0.2% (w/w) hexachlorobenzene on hepatic and urinary porphyrins and hepatic cytochrome P-450 was studied at various time intervals in female Wistar rats. 2. Hexachlorobenzene administration for 45 days resulted in the development of porphyria in rats, which biochemically closely resembles symptomatic porphyria in humans, with elevation of urinary uroporphyrin excretion, hepatic uroporphyrin content, and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, in addition to appearance of porphyrins of the isocoproporphyrin (P1) series in the faeces. 3. Spectral studies of the induced hepatic cytochrome P-450 at 45 days with carbon monoxide and ethyl isocyanide as ligands indicated the presence of a greater admixture of a haemoprotein distinct from cytochrome P-450. 4. Study in vitro of the kinetics of two reactions, namely aminopyrine N-demethylation and 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylation, catalysed by the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme system, suggested that hexachlorobenzene induced a form of cytochrome P-450 with different catalytic properties from those of forms induced by either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene.

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