OPTIMIZATION OF MILLET-LEGUME BASED COMPOSITE FLOUR, ITS RHEOLOGY AND USE AS PRO-HEALTH INGREDIENT IN BAKERY INDUSTRY

Modern day lifestyle and eating habits have significantly contributed to several health disorders and calls for inclusion of healthy ingredients in bakery industry. Dietary modification is suggestive of protecting against diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Amongst them Diabetes Mellitus is one of five leading causes of deaths and debilitating disease in the world. With these serious health repercussions in mind, the present research intends to develop a functional composite flour comprising millets and legumes as a healthy bakery ingredient and also exploit its nutritional benefits in diabetes diet management. With extensive literature review, foxtail millet, pearl millet, finger millet and Bengal gram were chosen to understand the health benefits on diabetes patients over refined flour. Mixture Optimal (Custom) Design of Design Expert, v.11 was used for the statistical analysis. For the experimental design, the composite flour components (Foxtail millet, Pearl millet, Finger millet and Bengal gram) were the variables while the functional properties i.e., Water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), swelling power (SP), foaming capacity (FC), foaming stability (FS) and bulk density (BD) were the responses. The optimised flour with 20 % wheat flour was tested for dough characteristics using Brabender. Optimization with mixture optimal custom design resulted in six different solutions. Amongst them the best solution with highest desirability was selected which was foxtail millet (49.65%,), finger millet (10%), pearl millet (10%) and Bengal gram (10.35%) with desirability of 0.864. The ANOVA, R2 and R2 adjusted values for WAC, OAC, SP, FC and BD showed that the composite flours were statistically significant whereas FS model was not fit implying no significant effect of any composite flour ingredient on FS. Farinograph confirms that the optimised composite flour is high-quality strong flour. Composite flour with accepted functiona

Effect of Bio-Additives and Kinetic Studies of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on High Purity Alcohol Production Suitable for Medicinal Use

Alcohol is an indispensable ingredient in medicinal preparations like cough syrup, antiseptic, antidote, disinfectant, etc. In the present study, the alcohol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and its growth kinetics were investigated in presence of the following bio-additives: Liquozyromol (plant extract), Avena sativa (oats), and Cicer arietinum (Bengal gram). The yeast’s specific growth rate and generation time for fermentation during alcohol production were determined to be 1.35 h-1 and 1.57 h-1 respectively. The Optimal concentration of Avena sativa (oats), Cicer arietinum (Bengal gram), and Liquozyromol for alcohol production were determined to be 8.6 g/l, 8.9 g/l, and 9.8 g/l respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the introduction of Cicer arietinum (Bengal gram) and Avena sativa (oats) had a minuscule impact on the alcohol quantity produced, while it increased considerably in presence of Liquozyromol. Also, the rate of fermentation decreased and volatile acidity was affected in presence of additives. Thus, the use of Liquozyromol as an additive greatly reduces the effect of secondary metabolites thereby increasing the quantity and the quantity of ethanol produced.

Production of L-glutaminase From Agro-industrial Waste by Halomonas Elongata MM-5 Under Solid State Fermentation

In this study L-glutaminase production by extremely halotolerant Halomonas elongata MM-5 using solid-state fermentation was investigated. Screening of a variety of agro-industrial byproducts such as rice husk, green gram husk, bengal gram husk, red gram husk, safflower oil cake, groundnut oil cake, black gram husk, groundnut skin and wheat bran was carried out individually and in different combinations. Optimization of various physicochemical parameters namely incubation time, pH, temperature, initial moisture content, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, L-glutamine concentration and inoculum level was carried out. Among the various substrates screened individually red gram husk supported the maximum production of enzyme 79.03±0.49 IU/gds. In the mixture of substrates screened red gram husk and bengal gram husk in the ratio (60:40) showed maximum 92.06±1.42 IU/gds enzyme production. The L-glutaminase production was maximum after 4 days of incubation period, pH 8, temperature 40°C and 80 percent moisture content. The lactose and malt extract used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively supported the maximum yield of L-glutaminase. After screening and optimization of various parameters, the yield of L-glutaminase increased from 79.03 to 159.12 IU/gds.

How does the yield variability in rainfed crops respond to climate variables? Evidence from pulses yields in Telangana, India

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate the effects of climate variables on the mean yield and yield variability of major pulse crops in the Telangana state of India.Design/methodology/approachAuthors have estimated the Just and Pope (1978, 1979) production function using panel data at the district level of four major pulses in nine former districts of Telangana for 36 years during 1980–2015. A three-stage feasible generalized least squares estimation procedure has been followed. The mean yield and yield variance functions have been estimated individually for each of these study crops, namely, Bengal gram, green gram, red gram and horse gram.FindingsResults have shown that changes in climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature have significant influences on the mean yield levels and yield variance of pulses. The maximum temperature is observed to have a significant adverse impact on the mean yield of a majority of pulses, and it is also a risk-enhancing factor for a majority of pulses except horse gram. However, the minimum temperature is positively related to the mean yields of the study crops except for Bengal gram, and it is having a risk-reducing impact for a majority of study crops. Rainfall is observed to have a negative impact on the mean yields of all pulses, but it is a risk-enhancing factor for only one crop, i.e. Bengal gram. Thus, rising temperatures and excess rainfall are not favorable to the productivity of pulses in study districts.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study is based on the secondary data at the district level and is considering only one state. Season-wise primary data, including farm-specific characteristics, could have been better. The projected climate change and its impact on the mean yields and yield variance of pulses need to be considered in a future study.Originality/valueAccording to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically evaluate the impact of climatic variables on the mean yields and yield variability of major pulses in Telangana using a panel data for major pulses and nine districts of 36 years time-series during 1980–2015. The study has given useful policy recommendations.

Cluster Front Line Demonstration Evaluation Programme on Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) Variety (NBeG-3) in Nizamabad District of Telangana

The present study was conducted under Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Rudrur operational area during 2017-18 to 2019-20 in the rabi seasons with 150 frontline demonstrations across twenty three villages, seven mandals of Nizamabad district of Telangana. The results of demonstrations showed that farmers could increase the Bengal gram productivity notably by switching over to improved variety and adoption of improved production technology. In front line demonstrations, it was observed that the improved Bengal gram variety NBeG-3 recorded the higher yield (2078 kg/ha) compared to the farmers' practices variety (1775 kg/ha). The demonstration yield was increased over farmer’s practices was 12.11%. Technology gap and the technology index values were 422 kg/ha and 1689, respectively. The yields were noticeably low in local practices with old variety. Adoption of improved technology including new variety, timely supply of critical inputs with proper guidance by the scientist, frequent monitoring visits to diagnose the problems and take applicable corrective measures, field days etc., might be the causative factors for high yield with good quality in all demonstration plots.

Efficacy of iron rich Bajra chiwada on haemoglobin content of adolescent girls

Food based approaches have higher potential for achieving far reaching and long lasting benefits for the control of iron and other micronutrient deficiencies. Keeping in view the present study was planned with the main objective to explore effectiveness of iron rich product popped Bajra chiwada (Pearl Millet) supplementation prepared by utilizing pearl pop, rajgira leaves, roasted bengal gram dhal, turmeric, mango powder, curry leaves and cumin on haemoglobin content of adolescent girls. 60 moderately anaemic adolescent girls were selected. They were divided into two group i.e. experimental group (30) and control group (30). The highly accepted iron rich popped Bajra chiwada was supplemented 50 g/day to the experimental group for 60 days. The parameters such as anthropometric measurements and haemoglobin content were studied at 0, 30 and 60 days. The investigation of study revealed that supplementation of 50 g. popped Bajra chiwada daily for the adolescent girls helped in improving the haemoglobin of the subjects.

An analysis of direction of trade in select Indian agricultural commodities

An attempt is made in this paper to assess the dynamics of changes in exports of agricultural commodities namely, maize, chilli and Bengal gram, from India to different export markets by employing Markov chain model. The study is based on a set of countries importing agricultural commodities namely Nepal, others (pooled countries except selected countries) and Bangladesh were the most stable importers of the Indian maize with a probability of retention of 88.52 per cent, 68.90 percent and 61.09 per cent, respectively. The changing pattern of chilli exports through transitional probability matrices indicated that Thailand, other countries (pooled countries) and Vietnam were stable in importing Indian chilli with a probability of retention of 80.52 per cent, 69.02 per cent and 67.09 per cent, respectively. In case of Bengal gram, Pakistan was one of the stable countries as revealed by a probability of retention of its share i.e., 61.35 per cent. Algeria was also another stable importer as it retained its original share of 45.54 per cent followed by Turkey 41.13 per cent. The overall conclusion that emerges from present study is that Nepal, Thailand and Pakistan turned out to be the most stable countries in respect of importing Indian maize, chilli and Bengal gram.