scholarly journals Správní mechanismy přesunu knižních fondů v letech 1918–1954: odrazový můstek k výzkumu knižní provenience

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-26
Author(s):  
Marcela Sulženko ◽  
Luboš Kokeš
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
State Administration ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World

The history of Czechoslovak private libraries reflected great historical events, specifically in the change of ownership between 1918 and 1945/1954. The biggest change came after the Second World War, when the highest state officials decided to punish war criminals. In general, all Germans were labelled as enemies of the republic and were to bear collective guilt for starting the war. Their punishment included, among other things, the loss of property, which also concerned their libraries. This study focuses on the state administration dealing with such property.

B'nai B'rith on the European continent after World War Two

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Hans Levy
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Jewish Organization ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
European Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

The focus of this paper is on the oldest international Jewish organization founded in 1843, B’nai B’rith. The paper presents a chronicle of B’nai B’rith in Continental Europe after the Second World War and the history of the organization in Scandinavia. In the 1970's the Order of B'nai B'rith became B'nai B'rith international. B'nai B'rith worked for Jewish unity and was supportive of the state of Israel.

Development of Interethnic Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the First Decades after the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the analysis of interethnic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the 1940s and 1960s. The article is based on materials from the archives of BiH, Croatia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. The documents show the state of affairs in the Republic – both in the economy and in ideology. In one or another way, all of them reflect the level of tension in the interethnic relations. For the first time, the article presents the discussion on interethnic relations, on the new phenomenon in multinational Yugoslavia – the emergence of a new people in BiH under the name of “Muslim”. The term “Muslims” is used to define the ethnic identity of Bosniaks in the territory of BiH starting from the 1961 census.

UPRAVNO SUDSTVO PREMA VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Jovanović ◽  
◽  
Stefan Andonović
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
State Council ◽  
World War ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
Second World ◽  
Selection Of

The Vidovdan Constitution of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is one of the most important monuments of regional history of constitutional law. Adopted in 1921, in order to determine the basic principles of state and social organization, the Vidovdan Constitution contained certain provisions that are still acceptable today 100 years later. Moreover, the Vidovdan Constitution represents one of the most important moments in the creation of the administrative judiciary of the states that later emerged in the territory of the Kingdom. Namely, the literature states that the organization of the administrative judiciary, provided by the Constitution, leads to the most significant period in the development of the administrative judiciary (in Serbia) from its founding in 1869 until the Second World War. In this regard, as one of the most important aspects, authors emphasize the introduction of a two-tier administrative judiciary, with significant guarantees of professionalism in the selection of judges. Having in mind its significance in the history of the administrative judiciary, the authors will analyze the basic constitutional norms regarding the legal nature and organization of the administrative judiciary. Also, the research will include the issue of the position of judges of the administrative court and members of the State Council. In addition to the constitutional provisions, paper gives mentions to relevant provisions of the Law on the State Council and Administrative Courts, as well as the Decree on the State Council and Administrative Courts adopted shortly after the Vidovdan Constitution.

scholarly journals Writing History under the «Dictatorship of the Proletariat»: Yugoslav Historiography 1945–1991

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Michael Antolović
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

This paper analyzes the development of the historiography in the former socialist Yugoslavia (1945–1991). Starting with the revolutionary changes after the Second World War and the establishment of the «dictatorship of the proletariat», the paper considers the ideological surveillance imposed on historiography entailing its reconceptualization on the Marxist grounds. Despite the existence of common Yugoslav institutions, Yugoslav historiography was constituted by six historiographies focusing their research programs on the history of their own nation, i.e. the republic. Therefore, many joint historiographical projects were either left unfinished or courted controversies between historians over a number of phenomena from the Yugoslav history. Yugoslav historiography emancipated from Marxist dogmatism, and modernized itself following various forms of social history due to a gradual weakening of ideological surveillance from the 1960s onwards. However, the modernization of Yugoslav historiography was carried out only partially because of the growing social and political crises which eventually led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DEPICTION THE SECOND WORLD WAR EVENTS IN THE XXTH CENTURY RUSSIAN, AMERICAN AND HUNGARIAN PROSE (BASED ON THE NOVELS «LIFE AND FATE» BY VASILIY GROSSMAN, «FATELESSNESS» BY IMRE KERTÉSZ, «FROM HERE TO ETERNITY» BY JAMES JONES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 433-447
Author(s):  
Adalbert BARAN
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
James Jones ◽  
History Of ◽  
From Here To Eternity ◽  
Second World

The present article deals with the comparative analysis of the methodological bases of depicting the authenticity, features, and character of ideological-thematic reflection of the Second World War events on the pages of the novel by Russian writer Vasily Grossman (1905-1964) «Life and Fate» (1960), the masterpiece by the American novelist James Jones (1921-1977) «From here to eternity» (1953) and the work by the Hungarian novelist Imre Kertész (1929-2016) «Fatelessness» (1975). The novels' authors did not need to interpret historical events by other people's memories and strive for a documentary. The original document in the novels was the life and unique memory of the writers themselves, and not only in the sense of the artistic reproduction of the true sides of the survived and seen, but also in terms of serious thoughts about the relationship of the past with the present in their moral, social, philosophical and ethical aspects. The article highlights the events and circumstances that predetermined the formation of features of the writers' worldview and led to the writing of the novels on military topics. The novels «Life and Fate», «Fatelessness», and «From here to eternity» can be considered as deeply personal works by the writers who have not declared, magnified the events of the history in context, but through the image system of the novels deeply examined, analyzed their roots. The authors of the novels have shown the history of the 20th century not on the background of exaggerated, politically agitating, heroic pictures, but from the point of view of the true significance of historical events for modern society. Keywords: documentary, historical memory, regime, literary tradition, writer’s consciousness, historical concreteness.

scholarly journals Koncepcja organizacji pracy w instytucji naukowej – ankiety i opracowania z okresu okupacji (1941–1942) w Państwowym Muzeum Zoologicznym w Warszawie

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Dariusz Iwan ◽  
Piotr Daszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Second World ◽  
Source Of Information

The Concept of Work Organisation in a Scientific Institution – Surveys and Studies from the Occupation Period (1941–1942) at the State Zoological Museum in Warsaw During the Second World War, the State Zoological Museum in Warsaw (PMZ) suffered severe losses. Many workers were killed, and parts of the zoological and book collections were stolen by the Germans as early as 1939. The Museum became an important centre of the resistance movement, as it became a storage for weapons, explosives, and chemicals used for sabotage. Despite the repressions, the Museum employees tried to continue their work under the occupation and developed a modern model for the functioning of this institution to be implemented after the war. In the archives of the Museum and Institute of Zoology, a folder was found containing the documentation of the surveys conducted in 1941–1942 on the organisation of work and the future structure of the PMZ. This article presents the first analysis of these documents, which turned out to be a valuable source of information on the functioning of scientific institutions during the occupation, as well as on the history of the PMZ itself.

scholarly journals The Memory Policy of the Second World War in the Post-Yugoslav Republics: Symbolic and Commemorative Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-674
Author(s):  
Ilya A. Pomiguev ◽  
Eldar R. Salakhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
World War ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
Second World

The paper analyses the politics of memory of the World War II (WWII) in socialist Yugoslavia and compares the corresponding commemorative practices in the post-Yugoslav republics. The focus is on the design of holidays and memorial dates that reflect the symbolic and valuable attitudes of society, as well as the trajectory of nation-building. The formation of the state metanarrative in post-war Yugoslavia was closely related to the monopolisation of the leadership roles of the national liberation war by the communists, who united the six South Slavic nations in their struggle against the Nazi invaders. The state holidays and memorial days were derived from the history of resistance to foreign occupiers and internal enemies in order to legitimise and strengthen the triumph of the new socialist order. Alternative Yugoslavian non-communist movements, especially the Ustash and Chetniks who were potentially capable of competing in the symbolic field, were declared class enemies, reactionary elements, and quislings. As the processes of disintegration increased in socialist Yugoslavia, there were several attempts to revise its ideological attitudes and symbolic heritage of WWII. Nevertheless, as the study shows these attempts became, rather, a marginal phenomenon, and most post-Yugoslav states retained the commemorative, albeit de-ideologised, practices of the previous period.

The Strange Silence

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Bergholz
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
State Archive ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interethnic Violence ◽  
War Victims ◽  
Second World

Newly available documentation from the State Archive of Bosnia-Herzegovina indicates that the majority of sites where Muslim civilians were killed during the Second World War remained unmarked as late as the mid-1980s. The existing scholarship, most of which argues that Yugoslavia’s communist regime sought to “de-ethnicize” the remembrance of all of the interethnic violence of the war, has failed to notice and explain this apparent bias against Muslim civilian war victims. This article seeks to answer the question of why so many sites in Bosnia-Herzegovina where Muslim civilians were killed remained unmarked after the war. It does so through the reconstruction and analysis of the wartime and postwar history of Kulen Vakuf, a small town located in northwestern Bosnia. The analysis of the dynamics of mass killing in the region reveals that the communist-led Partisan movement absorbed large numbers of Serbian insurgents who had murdered Muslims earlier in the war. The transformation of the perpetrators of the massacres into Partisans created a postwar context in which the authorities, to avoid implicating insurgents-turned-Partisans as war criminals, and the Muslim survivors, out of fear of retribution and a desire to move on, agreed to stay silent about the killings. The end result was the absence of monuments for the victims.

scholarly journals The History Of Construction Of Irrigation Facilities In The Ferghana Valley During The Second World War

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Kabuljan Makhamadjanovich Nasritdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

In the state of the author on the basis of archival documents, scientific-historical sources and literature analyzes the history of the development of irrigation construction in Ferghana Valley in the years of the Second World War of the XX century.

scholarly journals The Detention of Non-Enemy Civilians Escaping to Britain during the Second World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Artemis J. Photiadou
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
World War ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Administrative History ◽  
Second World

Abstract Thousands of civilians from Allied and neutral countries reached Britain during the Second World War. Nearly all who arrived between 1941 and 1945 were detained for interrogation – an unprecedented course of action by Britain which has nevertheless seldomly been studied. This article focuses on the administrative history of this process and the people it affected. It demonstrates how certain parts of the state treated non-Britons with suspicion throughout the war, long after fears of a ‘fifth column’ had subsided. At the same time, others saw them favourably, not least because many either offered intelligence, intended to volunteer with the Allied Forces, or work for the war industry. Examining how these conflicting views co-existed within a single detention camp, this article thus illustrates the complex relationship that existed between non-Britons and the wartime state, which perceived them simultaneously as suspects, assets, and allies. By making use of the thousands of resulting interrogation reports, the article also offers more detail than currently exists on the gender and nationality background of those who reached Britain, as well as about the journeys they took to escape occupied territory.

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