PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE SALT SYSTEM TYPE 2 || 3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Яха Назирбековна Сириева
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Reciprocal System ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Component System ◽  
System A ◽  
System Type ◽  
Invariant Points ◽  
Physical And Chemical

В статье дана схема развертки и выявлены фазовые единичные блоки (ФЕБы), по которым построено ее древо фаз, приводятся результаты исследования дифференциация четверной взаимной системы. Комплексом методов физико-химического анализа, в частности визуально-политермическим, дифференциальным термическим, изучены термические характеристики процессов фазообразования в четырехкомпонентной системе. Показано, что в них реализуются как эвтектические, так и перитектические нонвариантные точки. The article provides a sweep scheme and identifies the phase unit blocks (FEBs), according to which its phase tree is constructed, provides the results of the study of the differentiation of the quadruple reciprocal system. A complex of methods of physicochemical analysis, in particular, visual-polythermal, differential thermal, studied the thermal characteristics of the processes of phase formation in a four-component system. It is shown that both eutectic and peritectic invariant points are realized in them.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE BI2TE3-ER2TE3 SYSTEM AND THE PROPERTIES OF THE FORMED PHASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
F. Sadygov ◽  
T. Ilyasly ◽  
Z. Ismailov ◽  
R. Mirzoeva ◽  
S. Mamedova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Electrophysical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
System A ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The Bi2Te3-Er2Te3 section of the Er-Bi-Te ternary system was investigated by the methods of differential thermal, X-ray phase and microstructural analyzes and also by measuring the microhardness and density. In the system, a ternary compound of the composition ErBiTe3 is formed, which crystallizes in a hexagonal lattice with the following parameters: a = 4,20; c = 31,11Å (c / a = 7,1) The solubility on the side of Bi2Te3 is 6 mol% at room temperature. The electrophysical properties of ErBiTe3 compounds have been studied.

scholarly journals Classification with Fuzzification Optimization Combining Fuzzy Information Systems and Type-2 Fuzzy Inference

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Martin Tabakov ◽  
Adrian Chlopowiec ◽  
Adam Chlopowiec ◽  
Adam Dlubak
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Fuzzy Rules ◽  
Fuzzy Information ◽  
Benchmark Data ◽  
System A ◽  
Footprint Of Uncertainty ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Derived Rules

In this research, we introduce a classification procedure based on rule induction and fuzzy reasoning. The classifier generalizes attribute information to handle uncertainty, which often occurs in real data. To induce fuzzy rules, we define the corresponding fuzzy information system. A transformation of the derived rules into interval type-2 fuzzy rules is provided as well. The fuzzification applied is optimized with respect to the footprint of uncertainty of the corresponding type-2 fuzzy sets. The classification process is related to a Mamdani type fuzzy inference. The method proposed was evaluated by the F-score measure on benchmark data.

XXIII.—Types of Development of Polytene Chromosomes

1942 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Mellad
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Until a few years ago the small size of the chromosomes limited the methods which could be used for their physical and chemical study. The discovery in 1933 that the salivary gland nuclei of Diptera contained giant multiple or polytene chromosomes threw the field open to the application of a variety of new techniques.

scholarly journals Perturbations to Homeostasis in Experimental Models Revealed Innate Pathways Driving Food Allergy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Bruton ◽  
Joshua F. E. Koenig ◽  
Allyssa Phelps ◽  
Manel Jordana
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response ◽  
Physical And Chemical

While type 2 immunity has been conventionally viewed as beneficial against helminths, venoms, and poisons, and harmful in allergy, contemporary research has uncovered its critical role in the maintenance of homeostasis. The initiation of a type 2 immune response involves an intricate crosstalk between structural and immune cells. Structural cells react to physical and chemical tissue perturbations by secreting alarmins, which signal the innate immune system to restore homeostasis. This pathway acts autonomously in the context of sterile injury and in the presence of foreign antigen initiates an adaptive Th2 response that is beneficial in the context of venoms, toxins, and helminths, but not food allergens. The investigation of the triggers and mechanisms underlying food allergic sensitization in humans is elusive because sensitization is a silent process. Therefore, the central construct driving food allergy modeling is based on introducing perturbations of tissue homeostasis along with an allergen which will result in an immunological and clinical phenotype that is consistent with that observed in humans. The collective evidence from multiple models has revealed the pre-eminent role of innate cells and molecules in the elicitation of allergic sensitization. We posit that, with the expanding use of technologies capable of producing formidable datasets, models of food allergy will continue to have an indispensable role to delineate mechanisms and establish causal relationships.

Physicochemical studies and rheological modelling of Albizia lebbeck (AL) gum exudates

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnabuk Okon Eddy ◽  
Inemesit Udofia ◽  
Adamu Uzairu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Arrangement ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the physicochemical and rheological parameters of Albizia lebbeck gum. Design/methodology/approach – Physicochemical analysis was carried out using recommended methods. Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer and Fourier transformed infra red (FTIR) analyses were carried out using their respective spectrophotometer. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out using scanning electron microscope, while rheological measurements were carried out using Ubbelohde capillary viscometer, digital Brookfield DV 1 viscometer and a rheometer. Findings – Albizia zygia gum is an ionic gum with unique physical and chemical properties. Scanning electron micrograph revealed that the internal structure of the gum is porous with irregular molecular arrangement. Thermodynamic parameters of viscous flow indicated the existence of few inter- and intra-molecular interactions, and the attainment of transition state was linked to bond breaking. Coil overlap transition studies revealed the existence of dilute and concentrated regimes. The viscosity of the gum was also found to decrease with decrease in the charge of cation (such that Al3+ > Ca2+ > K+) and with increase in ionic strength. Research limitations/implications – The paper provided information on physicochemical and rheological characteristics/behaviour of Albizia zygia gum, of Nigerian origin. From this information, possible application of this gum in the food and pharmaceutical industries can be deduced. Originality/value – The paper is original since information concerning Albizia zygia gum of Nigerian origin are not well documented as established in the work. It also adds values on the use of Albizia zygia gum, either on its own or in combination with other gums for industrial purpose.

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